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Contributions of distinct prefrontal neuron classes in reward processing

Science China(Technological Sciences) 2014年第6期57卷 1257-1268页

作者： PAN XiaoChuan FAN HongWei WANG RuBin sakagami masamichi Institute for Cognitive Neurodynamics East China University of Science and Technology Brain Science Institute Tamagawa UniversityTamagawagakuen 6-1-1MachidaTokyo 194-8610Japan

The prefrontal cortex(PFC)is thought to be involved in higher order cognitive functions,such as in working memory,abstract categorization,and reward *** has been reported that two distinct neuron classes(putative pyramidal cells and interneurons)in the PFC played different functional roles in neural circuits involved in forming working memory and abstract ***,it remains elusive how the two types of neurons process reward information in the *** investigate this issue,the activity of single neurons was extracellularly recorded in the PFC of the monkey performing a reward predicting *** neurons were classified into putative pyramidal cells and interneurons,respectively,based on the waveforms of action *** the two types of neurons encoded reward information and discriminated two reward conditions(the preferred reward condition *** nonpreferred reward condition).However,the putative pyramidal neurons had better and more reliable discriminability than the putative ***,the pyramidal cells represented reward information in the preferred reward condition,but not in the nonpreferred reward condition by raising their firing rates relative to the baseline *** contrast,the interneurons encoded reward information in the nonpreferred reward condition,but not in the preferred reward condition by inhibiting their discharge rates relative to the baseline *** results suggested that the putative pyramidal cells and interneurons had complementary functions in reward *** findings may help to clarify individual functions of each type of neurons in PFC neuronal circuits involved in reward processing.

关键词： prefrontal cortex reward pyramidal neuron interneuron monkey single-unit activity

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前额叶皮层和纹状体群体神经元编码视觉刺激和奖励信息

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生理学报 2020年第6期72卷 765-776页

作者：陈素华潘晓川 masamichi sakagami 华东理工大学认知神经动力学研究所上海200237 玉川大学脑科学研究所东京194-8610日本

以往的文献报道了前额叶皮层和纹状体中的一些神经元编码视觉刺激(visual stimulus)和奖励(reward)信息,但从单个神经元角度来看,编码信息的方式很复杂,不同的神经元在不同时刻各自编码刺激或奖励信息。本文旨在研究这两个区域的群体神... 详细信息

以往的文献报道了前额叶皮层和纹状体中的一些神经元编码视觉刺激(visual stimulus)和奖励(reward)信息,但从单个神经元角度来看,编码信息的方式很复杂,不同的神经元在不同时刻各自编码刺激或奖励信息。本文旨在研究这两个区域的群体神经元能否在整个试验期间(in a whole trial)稳定地表征与任务相关的信息。在一个刺激-奖励预测实验中,记录了日本猕猴(Macaca fuscata)前额叶皮层和纹状体中单个神经元的活动,采用多变量回归分析和线性支持向量机分类的方法研究了群体神经元编码的信息。结果显示,尽管与任务相关的神经元的比例在整个试验中变化较大,但前额叶皮层群体神经元稳定、可靠地编码了奖励和刺激信息,纹状体群体神经元在整个试验期间也编码了奖励信息,但没有编码刺激信息。这两个区域的神经元都编码了刺激和奖励的组合信息,并且前额叶皮层的神经元编码了一组刺激(一个集合)与奖励的关系,而纹状体神经元编码了一个特定刺激与奖励的关系。以上结果提示,前额叶皮层和纹状体群体神经元都能稳定地表达任务相关的参数,但各自编码的信息是不一样的,对应于它们在价值决策中不同的作用。

关键词：前额叶皮层纹状体奖励预测群体神经元支持向量机

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Reward inference by prefrontal and striatal neurons

Reward inference by prefrontal and striatal neurons

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中国力学学会学术大会'2009

作者： masamichi sakagami Brain Science Institute Tamagawa University

The ability to draw inferences relies on deduction (or induction) of new information from acquired knowledge,and is essential for flexible and adaptive response in novel *** of behavioral study has demonstrated that a... 详细信息

关键词： monkey prefrontal cortex striatum reward

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Decoding value-related signal represented in multiple areas of the prefrontal cortex using ECoG electrodes

Decoding value-related signal represented in multiple areas ...

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第四届全国神经动力学学术会议

作者： masamichi sakagami Shingo Tanaka Brain Science Institute Tamagawa University Department of Physiology Niigata University School of Medicine

Decision making is one of the important mental processes. For making a decision between multiple options, the values of the options are used. A lot of studies have shown that areas in the prefrontal cortex(PFC) play different but essential roles for value calculation and comparison [1-3]. However, few studies directly examined the functional difference among subareas in the PFC and their interaction. To examine dynamic signal processing related to value-based decision-making in the PFC, we recorded local field potentials(LFPs) from electrocorticographic(ECoG) electrodes implanted in the left lateral prefrontal cortex(LPFC),the left orbitofrontal cortex(OFC) and both side of the medial prefrontal cortex(MPFC),while two monkeys performed a free-choice task with 6 different juices. In this task, two reward cues which indicated the kinds of juices were presented sequentially with a short blank. Then, two cues were presented simultaneously and the monkeys touched one of them to obtain juice reward. From the choice behavior between two alternatives, the values of the rewards could be estimated. Then we decoded the values of juices from the ECo G signals during 1 st reward cue presentation. We used the wavelet power and phase in five frequency domains(delta, theta, alpha, beta, gamma) as features and decoded the values of the rewards with Sparse Linear Regression(SLiR) algorithm. Decoded values from 3 areas were significantly correlated with the behaviorally estimated values. Also, to examine the causal role of prefrontal value related signals, we applied the decoded neurofeedback(DecNef)technique to modulate the value of juice. We could successfully increase the decoded value of less preferred juice and decrease that of more preferred juice. Accordingly values of juices estimated from behavior were changed in consistent directions.

关键词： decision making reward value prefrontal cortex

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前额叶皮层和纹状体的局域场电位的功率编码奖励信息

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生理学报 2017年第4期69卷 385-396页

作者：陈钰莹潘晓川王如彬 sakagami masamichi 华东理工大学认知神经动力学研究所上海200237 日本玉川大学脑科学研究所

前额叶皮层和纹状体是大脑内两个重要的区域,研究表明它们都参与了许多高级认知过程,如学习记忆、奖励信息处理、行为决策等。单细胞电生理记录实验已显示前额叶皮层和纹状体的神经元能够编码奖励信息,但不清楚这两个区域的局域场电位(l... 详细信息

前额叶皮层和纹状体是大脑内两个重要的区域,研究表明它们都参与了许多高级认知过程,如学习记忆、奖励信息处理、行为决策等。单细胞电生理记录实验已显示前额叶皮层和纹状体的神经元能够编码奖励信息,但不清楚这两个区域的局域场电位(local field potential,LFP)是否也能编码奖励信息。为研究这个问题,当猴子在进行一个奖励预测实验时,用多通道电极同时记录了前额叶皮层和纹状体的LFP。采用短时傅里叶变换,将记录的LFP转换为时、频域上的信号,比较不同奖励条件(大容量水奖励和小容量水奖励)下功率值的分布。结果显示前额叶皮层和纹状体的LFP的功率能够区分不同的奖励条件,并且小容量水奖励条件下的功率值大于大容量水奖励条件下的功率值;进一步研究显示LFP在β频段(14~30 Hz)能更好地编码奖励信息。以上结果表明前额叶皮层和纹状体的LFP能够有效地编码奖励信息,有助于进一步理解LFP在处理奖励信息过程中的作用。

关键词：前额叶皮层纹状体奖励预测局域场电位非参数置换检验

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Experimental Research of External Desulfurization in Situ Mechanical Stirring

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2011年第S2期18卷 119-124页

作者： masamichi Sano Nagoya University

This paper presents a new idea about desulfurization with in-situ mechanical stirring method on the basis of desulfurization by single blow grain magnesium and KR method, that is, the inner gases carry the magnesium vapor formed in-site in molten iron by magnesium-based desulfurization, and bubble dispersed and disintegrated under the condition of mechanical stirring, thence to improve the efficiency of desulfurization by single blow grain magnesium .It has been proved by research of cold water model experiment that the bubble dispersion and disintegration can not only improve the desulphurization efficiency but also increase the utilization rate of magnesium. Obviously, the bubble dispersion and disintegration of magnesium vapor is the key problem in improving the desulphurization efficiency and increasing the utilization rate of magnesium. Thus the research focus on exploring the performance of bubble dispersion and disintegration on the base of refining process and gas-liquid mass transfer. According to the literature and cold water model experimental result basing on principle of similitude, the influencing factors and interaction of bubble dispersion and disintegration have been studied from the perspectives of physical and numerical simulation. The study would provide the theoretical and experimental data for the new method of desulfurization with in-situ mechanical stirring.

关键词： in-situ mechanical stirring method magnesium-based desulfurization bubble disintegration and dispersion injection refining water model

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Study on Absorption Rate by Eccentric Mechanical Stirring in Gas Injection Refining for Iron and Steel Making

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2011年第S2期18卷 166-171页

作者： masamichi Sano Nagoya University

In gas injection refining processes, a great amount of gas is injected into molten metal in short time, so that very large bubbles are inevitably formed. Wide dispersion of small bubbles in the bath is indispensable for high refining efficiency. Eccentric mechanical stirring with unidirectional impeller rotation was tested using a water model for pursuing better bubble disintegration and dispersion. Absorption rate are used to research on the influence law of the bubble dispersion and disintegration and gas-liquid absorption by the influence of, rotation mode, rotation speed and gas flow rate. Compared to the experimental results of absorption rate under eccentric stirring and centric stirring ,provide the scientific experimental and theoretical guidance for high-temperature experiment of hot metal desulfurization .According to experimental and theoretical analysis, this paper has studied various factors effecting on gas absorption process and volumetric mass transfer coefficient using the system of *** results show that:the volumetric mass transfer coefficient and absorption efficiency of CO2 can be increased under eccentric stirring mode, Because bubble disperse quickly with eccentric mechanical stirring, which results in promoting complete reaction between CO2 and NaOH, and improving the mass transfer coefficient and absorption. Volumetric mass transfer coefficient and efficiency of CO2 increase with the increasing rotation speed under the condition of eccentric stirring .But volumetric mass transfer coefficient and efficiency of CO2 decrease with the increasing rotation speed under the condition of centric stirring.

关键词： eccentric stirring bubble dispersion bubble disintegration volumetric mass transfer coefficient efficiency of CO2

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Bubble behavior in cylindrical and square vessels under centric mechanical stirring

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2021年第10期28卷 1243-1250页

作者： Kun Wang Yan Liu masamichi Sano Ting-an Zhang School of Metallurgy Northeastern UniversityShenyang110819LiaoningChina Department of Materials Processing Engineering Nagoya UniversityNagoya464-8601Japan

Water model experiments were carried out to investigate the bubble behavior in cylindrical and square vessels under centric mechanical *** bubble behavior in the square vessel was investigated in detail by using a high-speed camera to record the transient images of the *** image analysis software was used to obtain the bubble *** results showed that the centric mechanical stirring in the square vessel was suitable for breakage and dispersion of bubbles,but not suitable for that in the cylindrical *** the impeller blade length and impeller rotation speed was beneficial to disintegrate and disperse bubbles *** bubble diameter decreased with the increase in the Weber number and increased slightly with the increase in the modified Froude *** dimensionless correlation equation of bubble diameter was obtained by the dimensional analysis method.

关键词： Gas injection refining Mechanical stirring Mg desulfurization Bubble breakage Bubble dispersion Dimensional analysis

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Original single-incision laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute inflammation of the gallbladder

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第9期18卷 944-951页

作者： Kazunari Sasaki Goro Watanabe masamichi Matsuda Masaji Hashimoto Department of Digestive Surgery Hepato Pancreato Biliary Surgery UnitToranomon Hospital

AIM： To investigate the safety and feasibility of our original single-incision laparoscopic cholecystectomy （SII_C） for acute inflamed gallbladder （AIG）.

关键词： Single-incision laparoscopic cholecystectomy Acute cholecystitis Acute cholangitis

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Vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque features:findings from coronary imaging

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2021年第7期18卷 577-584页

作者： Osamu Kurihara masamichi Takano Yasushi Miyauchi Kyoichi Mizuno Wataru Shimizu Cardiovascular Center Chiba Hokusoh HospitalNippon Medical SchoolChibaJapan Mitsukoshi Health and Welfare Foundation TokyoJapan Division of Cardiology Nippon Medical SchoolTokyoJapan

Pathological studies have suggested that features of vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques likely to progress and lead to acute cardiovascular events have specific *** the progress of intravascular coronary imaging technology,some large prospective studies have detected features of vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques using these imaging ***,the rate of cardiovascular events,such as acute coronary syndrome,has been found to be considerably reduced in the limited follow-up period available in the statin ***,not all disrupted plaques lead to thrombus formation with clinical *** sub-occlusive or occlusive thrombus formation does not occur,a thrombus on a disrupted plaque will organize without any symptoms,forming a"healed plaque".Although vulnerable plaque detection using intracoronary imaging is focused on"thin-cap fibroatheroma"leading to plaque rupture,superficial plaque erosion is increasingly recognized;however,the underlying mechanism of thrombus formation on eroded plaques is not well *** of intravascular imaging,optical coherence tomography(OCT)has the highest image resolution and has enabled detailed characterization of the plaque in ***,we reviewed the status and limitations of intravascular imaging in terms of detecting vulnerable plaque through mainly OCT *** suggested that vulnerable plaque should be reconsidered in terms of eroded plaque and healed plaque and that both plaque and circulating blood should be assessed in greater detail accordingly.

关键词： coronary acute superficial

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