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Inference by exclusion in the red-tailed black cockatoo(Calyptorhynchus banksii)

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Integrative Zoology 2019年第2期14卷 193-203页

作者： lorraine sUBIAs. Andrea s.GRIFFIN David GUEZ school of Psychology James Cook UniversityCairnsAustralia school of Psychology University of NewcastleCallaghanAustralia

Inference by exclusion is the ability to select a given option by excluding the *** designed appropriately,tests of this ability can reveal choices that cannot be explained by associative *** the past decade,exclusion reasoning has been explored in several non-human taxonomic groups,including birds,mainly in Corvids and *** increase our understanding of the taxonomic distribution of exclusion reasoning and,therefore,its evolution,we investigated exclusion performances in red-tailed black cockatoos(Calyptorhynchus banksii),an Australian relative of the Goffin cockatoo(Cacatua goffini),using a food-finding ***atoos were required to find a food item hidden in 1 of the 2 experimenter’s *** training sessions in which they reliably selected the closed baited hand they had just been shown open,each individual was tested on 4 different *** to demonstrating exclusion reasoning was the condition in which they were shown the empty hand and then offered a choice of both closed *** performance of all birds was above chance on all experimental conditions but not on an olfactory and/or cuing control *** results suggest that the birds might be able to infer by exclusion,although an explanation based on rule learning cannot be *** first experiment in red-tailed black cockatoo highlights the potential of this species as a model to study avian cognition and paves the pathway for future investigations.

关键词： cognition comparative cognition inferential reasoning parrot cognition Psittaciforms

Health-education to prevent COVID-19 in schoolchildren: a call to action

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2020年第4期9卷 142-144页

作者： Darren J.Gray Johanna Kurscheid mary lorraine mationg Gail M.Williams Catherine Gordon Matthew Kelly Kinley Wangdi Donald P.McManus Department of Global Health Research School of Population HealthAustralian National UniversityCanberraAustralia school of Public Health University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia Infectious Diseases Division QIMR Berghofer Medical Research InstituteBrisbaneAustralia

Background:There is currently considerable international debate around school closures/openings and the role of children in the transmission of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).Whilst evidence suggests that children are not impacted by COVID-19 as severely as adults,little is still known about their transmission potential,and with a lot of asymptomatic cases they may be silent transmitters(*** without showing clinical signs of disease),albeit at a lower level than *** relation to this,it is somewhat concerning that in many countries children are cared for,or are often in close contact with,older individuals such as grandparents—the age group most at risk of acquiring serious respiratory complications resulting in *** text:We emphasise that in the absence of a vaccine or an effective therapeutic drug,preventive measures such as good hygiene practices—hand washing,cough etiquette,disinfection of surfaces and social distancing represent the major(in fact only)weapons that we have against ***,we stress that there is a pressing need to develop specific COVID-19 prevention messages for ***:An entertainment education intervention for schoolchildren systematically implemented in schools would be highly effective and fill this *** such measures in place there would be greater confidence around the opening of schools.

关键词： COVID-19 Children Health education Health promotion Prevention

An efficient approach for anti-jamming in IRNss receivers using improved PsO based parametric wavelet packet thresholding

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satellite Navigation 2022年第3期3卷 51-70,I0003页

作者： Jacob silva lorraine Kambham Madhu Ramarakula Department of ECE University College of EngineeringJNTUKKakinadaAndhra Pradesh533003India

The Indian Regional Navigation satellite system provides accurate positioning service to the users within and around India,extending up to 1500 ***,when a receiver encounters a Continuous Wave Interference,its positioning accuracy degrades,or sometimes it even fails to *** Packet Transform(WPT)is the most widely used technique for anti-jamming in Global Navigation satellite system *** the conventional method suffers from threshold drifting and employs inflexible thresholding ***,to address these issues,an efficient approach using Improved Particle swarm Optimization based Parametric Wavelet Packet Thresholding(IPsO-PWPT)is ***,a new parameter adaptive thresholding function is ***,a new form of inertia weight is presented to enhance the performance of ***,IPsO is used to optimize the key parameters of ***,the implementation of the IPsO-PWPT anti-jamming algorithm is *** performance of the proposed technique is evaluated for various performance metrics in four jamming *** evaluation results manifest the proposed method’s efficacy compared to the conventional WPT in terms of anti-jamming ***,the results show the ability of the new thresholding function to process various signals ***,the findings reveal that the improved PsO outperforms the variants of PsO.

关键词： Continuous wave interference(CWI) IRNss Particle swarm optimization(PsO) Wavelet packet transform(WPT)

Downscaling future climate scenarios to fine scales for hydrologic and ecological modeling and analysis

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Ecological Processes 2012年第1期1卷 109-123页

作者： lorraine E Flint Alan L Flint U.s.Geological survey Placer Hall6000 J St.SacramentoCA 95819USA

Introduction:Evaluating the environmental impacts of climate change on water resources and biological components of the landscape is an integral part of hydrologic and ecological investigations,and the resultant land and resource management in the twenty-first *** of both climate and simulated hydrologic parameters on ecological processes are relevant at scales that reflect the heterogeneity and complexity of *** present,simulations of climate change available from global climate models[GCMs]require downscaling for hydrologic or ecological ***:Using statistically downscaled future climate projections developed using constructed analogues,a methodology was developed to further downscale the projections spatially using a gradient-inverse-distancesquared approach for application to hydrologic modeling at 270-m spatial ***:This paper illustrates a methodology to downscale and bias-correct national GCMs to subkilometer scales that are applicable to fine-scale environmental *** scenarios were chosen to bracket the range of future emissions put forth by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate ***-scale applications of downscaled datasets of ecological and hydrologic correlations to variation in climate are ***:The methodology,which includes a sequence of rigorous analyses and calculations,is intended to reduce the addition of uncertainty to the climate data as a result of the downscaling while providing the fine-scale climate information necessary for ecological *** results in new but consistent data sets for the Us at 4 km,the southwest Us at 270 m,and California at 90 m and illustrates the utility of fine-scale downscaling to analyses of ecological processes influenced by topographic complexity.

关键词： downscaling climate change spatial scale scenarios

A Qualitative study of Early Intervention Psychosis (EIP) service Patient’s Experience of sleep, Exercise, sleep Hygiene Advice and Fitbit Wearable Activity and sleep Tracker

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Open Journal of Psychiatry 2021年第2期11卷 91-106页

作者： Chris Griffiths Farah Hina lorraine Pollard sue Jugon mary sam Marlene Kelbrick Innovation and Research department Northamptonshire Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust Northampton UK N-sTEP Early intervention service Northamptonshire Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust Northampton UK

Background: In psychosis physical activity, sleep, mental health, physical health, wellbeing, quality of life, cognition and functioning are interconnected. People who experience psychosis are more likely than the general population to have low levels of physical activity, high levels of sedentary behaviour and sleep problems. This project was innovative in seeking to address these issues through provision of a wearable activity and sleep tracker (a Fitbit) and sleep hygiene advice. Participants: Participants using an early intervention psychosis (EIP) service took part in an eight-week intervention, which incorporated the provision of a Fitbit, sleep hygiene advice as well as three engagement, feedback and discussion points with a clinician. Methods: A qualitative approach was used to conduct in-depth semi-structured interviews with 12 of the 25 intervention participants (5 male;7 female). Thematic and content analyses were employed to analyse the data. Results: Participants provided valuable insights into their experience of sleep, exercise, Fitbit use and sleep hygiene advice use. It was found that participants placed a high value on effective night time sleep, recognized improvements in physical activity and noted a positive effect on mood and wellbeing as a result of Fitbit use. The negative impact of having ineffective night time sleep and insufficient physical activity was described. Participants demonstrated a good level of understanding of the connection between sleep, exercise, wellbeing, and health. Conclusion: Participants reported the Fitbit and sleep hygiene advice received through an EIP service to be beneficial for improved levels of physical activity and exercise, and more effective sleep. This is a simple and low cost intervention which could be made widely available through EIP and other mental health services.

关键词： Fitbit Tracker Psychosis Exercise sleep Wearables Activity

Fine-scale hydrologic modeling for regional landscape applications:the California Basin Characterization Model development and performance

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Ecological Processes 2013年第1期2卷 254-274页

作者： lorraine E Flint Alan L Flint James H Thorne Ryan Boynton Water Resources Discipline U.S.Geological SurveyPlacer Hall6000 J StreetSacramentoCA 95819-6129USA Information Center for the Environment University of CaliforniaDavisCA95616USA

Introduction:Resource managers need spatially explicit models of hydrologic response to changes in key climatic drivers across variable landscape *** demonstrate the utility of a Basin Characterization Model for California(CA-BCM)to integrate high-resolution data on physical watershed characteristics with historical or projected climate data to predict watershed-specific hydrologic ***:The CA-BCM applies a monthly regional water-balance model to simulate hydrologic responses to climate at the spatial resolution of a 270-m *** model has been calibrated using a total of 159 relatively unimpaired watersheds for the California ***:As a result of calibration,predicted basin discharge closely matches measured data for validation *** CA-BCM recharge and runoff estimates,combined with estimates of snowpack and timing of snowmelt,provide a basis for assessing variations in water *** important output variable,climatic water deficit,integrates the combined effects of temperature and rainfall on site-specific soil moisture,a factor that plants may respond to more directly than air temperature and precipitation *** outputs are calculated for each grid cell,allowing results to be summarized for a variety of planning units including hillslopes,watersheds,ecoregions,or political ***:The ability to confidently calculate hydrologic outputs at fine spatial scales provides a new suite of hydrologic predictor variables that can be used for a variety of purposes,such as projections of changes in water availability,environmental demand,or distribution of plants and *** we present the framework of the CA-BCM model for the California hydrologic region,a test of model performance on 159 watersheds,summary results for the region for the 1981–2010 time period,and changes since the 1951–1980 time period.

关键词： Water balance Basin models Watershed hydrology Climate change Downscaling Basin characterization model

IT-software sMEs in China, Technology Transfer from Universities and Entrepreneurship, a successful Nexus？

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Frontiers of Business Research in China 2014年第1期8卷 18-48页

作者： Jianghong Cao M. John Foster lorraine Watkins-Mathys Kingston-Business school Kingston University Kingston Upon Thames KT2 7LB UK

Drawing on the empirical work of a broader study, this paper examines whether technology is being successfully transferred from universities to the IT-sottware sMEs present in China, and the effectiveness of entrepreneurship in effecting such transfers. A conceptual framework was generated to guide the investigation. Data were elicited using a detailed questionnaire which generated 53 usable responses; follow-up interviews with 17 of the 53 respondents; and four interviews with relevant government officials （civil servants from the Ministry of science and Technology and state-owned banks）. There were three main fmdings. Chinese software sMEs tend to be reluctant to adopt new technologies from local tmiversities; there is a lack of common purpose between the parties; and entrepreneurs who did undertake such technology transfer felt the process was badly impeded by the lack of available finance, and expressed fears about poor protection of intellectual property rights in China. The majority of the sample firms acted opportunistically, taking advantage of the benefits offered under government schemes to earn rapid returns mainly using extant technologies. These conclusions suggest that the Chinese government＇s policies in this area of technology transfer have had only limited success.

关键词： entrepreneurship technology transfer universities IT-software,sME China

Evaluation of the Efficacy and safety of 1%sodium Chloride(LiceFreee spray)against 1%Permethrin Creme Rinse on Head Lice Infested Individuals

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Pharmacology & Pharmacy 2013年第2期4卷 266-273页

作者： Lidia serrano lorraine s.Decesar Loan Pham south Florida Family Health and Research Centers PlantationUSA Carmago Pharmaceutical services CincinnatiUSA

Head lice are a public health issue, and resistance to available over-the-counter pediculicides is a concern. The objective of this randomized study was to evaluate the pediculicidal activity and safety of 1% sodium Chloride spray (0.1709 M), (LiceFreee spray®) compared to the current recommended treatment for head lice with 1% Permethrin Crème Rinse. Forty-two subjects were randomized equally into sodium Chloride or Permethrin group. Products were applied to hair according to the label instructions. After application of the products at Day 1 and Day 8, pediculicidal efficacy and safety were assessed at Day 1, Day 8 and Day 15. second treatment was only applied on Day 8 to individuals with observed live lice using the same products and protocols as Day 1. Proportion of lice free subjects per group, the reduction in number of live lice per head and adverse effects were recorded after each visit. The results showed significantly higher pediculicidal activity for sodium Chloride spray (85%) as compared to Permethrin (45%) at Day 15 (p 0.05). similar numbers of lice per head (21.76 range 10 to 68 versus 21.29 range 10 to 60 for sodium Chloride and Permethrin groups, respectively) were observed for individuals at Day 1. At Day 15, lice per head infested reduced to 0.55 ± 1.50 in sodium Chloride spray group compared to 5.45 ± 7.91 in the Permethrin group (p 0.01). No serious adverse effects were observed in both groups. sodium Chloride spray had superior efficacy to 1% Permethrin Crème Rinse in treating head lice and is a safe and excellent alternative to the current recommended treatment.

关键词： Head Lice sodium Chloride LiceFreee spray^(■) Nix^(■) Permethrin

Characterizing drought in California:new drought indices and scenario-testing in support of resource management

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Ecological Processes 2018年第1期7卷 1-13页

作者： lorraine E.Flint Alan L.Flint John Mendoza Julie Kalansky F.M.Ralph U.s.Geological survey 6000 J.StSacramentoCA 95819USA sonoma County Water Agency 404 Aviation Dr.Santa RosaCA 95403USA scripps Institution of Oceanography 9500 Gilman Dr.La JollaCA 92093USA

Introduction:California’s recent drought(2012–2016)has implications throughout the state for natural resource management and adaptation planning and has generated many discussions about drought characterization and *** study characterizes drought conditions with two indices describing deficits in natural water supply and increases in landscape stress developed on the basis of water balance modeling,at a fine spatial scale to assess the variation in conditions across the entire state,and provides an in-depth evaluation for the Russian River basin in northern California to address local resource management by developing extreme drought scenarios for consideration in planning and ***:We employed the UsGs Basin Characterization Model to characterize drought on the basis of water supply(a measure of recharge plus runoff)and landscape stress(climatic water deficit).These were applied to the state and to the Russian River basin where antecedent soil moisture conditions were evaluated and extreme drought scenarios were developed and run through a water management and reservoir operations model to further explore impacts on water ***:Drought indices indicated that as of the end of water year 2016 when reservoirs were full,additional water supply and landscape replenishment of up to three average years of precipitation in some locations was needed to return to normal *** soil conditions in the Russian River were determined to contribute to very different water supply results for different years and were necessary to understand to anticipate proper watershed response to *** drought scenarios manifested very different kinds of drought and recovery and characterization helps to guide the management response to ***:These scenarios and indices illustrate how droughts differ with regard to water supply and landscape stress and how long warm droughts recover much more slowly than short very dry dro

关键词： California drought Russian River Water supply Basin Characterization Model