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Developing occupant archetypes within urban low-income housing: A case study in Mumbai, India

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Building Simulation 2022年第9期15卷 1661-1683页

作者： Jeetika Malik Ronita Bardhan Tianzhen Hong mary ann Piette Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory 1 Cyclotron RoadBerkeleyCA 94720USA Centre for Urban Science and Engineering Indian Institute of Technology BombayMumbai-400076India Department of Architecture University of CambridgeCB2 IPXUK

Rapid urbanization pressure and poverty have created a push for affordable housing within the global *** design of affordable housing can have consequences on the thermal(dis)comfort and behaviour of the occupants,hence requiring an occupant-centric approach to ensure *** paper investigates occupant behaviour within the urban poor households of Mumbai,India and its impact on their thermal comfort and energy *** study is a first-of-its-kind attempt to explore the socio-demographic characteristics and energy-related behaviour of low-income occupants within Indian *** occupant archetypes,Indifferent Consumers;Considerate Savers;and Conscious Conventionals,were identified from the behavioural and psychographic characteristics gathered through a transverse field survey.A two-step clustering approach was adopted for occupant segmentation that highlighted considerable diversity in occupants’adaptation measures,energy knowledge,energy habits,and their pro-environmental behaviour within similar socio-economic *** energy simulation of the representative archetype behaviour estimated up to 37%variations for air-conditioned and up to 8%variation for fan-assisted naturally ventilated housing units during peak summer *** results from this study establish the significance of occupant factors in shaping energy demand and thermal comfort within low-income housing and pave way for developing occupant-centric building design strategies to serve this marginalized *** developed low-income occupant archetypes would be useful for architects and energy modelers to generate realistic energy use profiles and improve building performance simulation results.

关键词： occupant archetype behaviour energy use thermal comfort low-income housing

Polyphenols isolated from Acacia mearnsii bark with anti-inflammatory and carbolytic enzyme inhibitory activities

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Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines 2017年第11期15卷 816-824页

作者： XIONG Jia GRACE mary H ESPOSITO Debora KOMARNYTSKY Slavko WANG Fei LILA mary ann Department of Chemical Engineering Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-based Green Fuels and Chemicals Nanjing Forestry University Plants for Human Health Institute Department of Food Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences North Carolina State UniversityNorth Carolina Research Campus

The present study was designed to characterize the polyphenols isolated from Acacia mearnsii bark crude extract(B) and fractions(B1-B7) obtained by high-speed counter-current chromatography(HSCCC) and evaluate their anti-inflammatory and carbolytic enzymes(α-glucosidase and α-amylase) inhibitory activities. Fractions B4, B5, B6, B7(total phenolics 850.3, 983.0, 843.9, and 572.5 mg·g^(-1)), respectively; proanthocyanidins 75.7, 90.5, 95.0, and 44.8 mg·g^(-1)), respectively) showed significant activities against reactive oxygen species(ROS), nitric oxide(NO) production, and expression of pro-inflammatory genes interleukin-1β(IL-1β) and inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS) in a lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-stimulated mouse macrophage cell line RAW 264.7. All the extracts suppressed α-glucosidase and α-amylase activities, two primary enzymes responsible for carbohydrate digestion. A. mearnsii bark samples possessed significantly stronger inhibitory effects against α-glucosidase enzyme(IC_(50) of 0.4-1.4 μg·mL^(-1)) than the pharmaceutical acarbose(IC_(50) 141.8 μg·mL^(-1))). B6 and B7(IC_(50) 17.6 and 11.7 μg·mL^(-1), respectively) exhibited α-amylase inhibitory activity as efficacious as acarbose(IC_(50) 15.4 μg·mL^(-1))). Moreover, B extract, at 25 μg·mL^(-1), significantly decreased the non-mitochondrial oxidative burst that is often associated with inflammatory response in human monocytic macrophages.

关键词： acacia mearnsii Proanthocyanidins Anti-inflammatory α-Amylase α-Glucosidase

Post electrical or lightning injury syndrome: a proposal for an American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual formulation with implications for treatment

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Neural Regeneration Research 2017年第9期12卷 1405-1412页

作者： Christopher J.Andrews Andrew D.Reisner mary ann Cooper Medicine The University of Queensland Lightning and Electrical Injuries Mt Ommaney Family Practice Forensic Diagnostic Center of District Nine Lightning Injury Research Program University of Illinois at Chicago African Centres for Lightning and Electromagnetics Network

In the past, victims of electrical and lightning injuries have been assessed in a manner lacking a system- atic formulation, and against ad hoc criteria, particularly in the area of neuropsychological disability. In this manner patients have, for example, only been partially treated, been poorly or incorrectly diagnosed, and have been denied the full benefit of compensation for their injuries. This paper contains a proposal for diagnostic criteria particularly for the neuropsychological aspects of the post injury syndrome. It pays attention to widely published consistent descriptions of the syndrome, and a new cluster analysis of post electrical injury patients. It formulates a proposal which could be incorporated into future editions of the American Psychiatric Association＇s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual （DSM）. The major neuropsycholog- ical consequences include neurocognitive dysfunction, and memory subgroup dysfunction, with ongoing consequences, and sometimes including progressive or delayed psychiatric, cognitive, and/or neurological symptoms. The proposed diagnostic criteria insist on a demonstrated context for the injury, both specifying the shock circumstance, and also physical consequences. It allows for a certain delay in onset of symptoms. It recognizes exclusory conditions. The outcome is a proposal for a DSM classification for the post electrical or lightning injury syndrome. This proposal is considered important for grounding patient treatment, and for further treatment trials. Options for treatment in electrical or lightning injury are summarised, and future trials are foreshadowed.

关键词： electrical injury lightning injury neuropsychology neuropsychiatry injury American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual

Pancreatitis in patients with pancreas divisum:Imaging features at MRI and MRCP

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第30期19卷 4907-4916页

作者： Deng-Bin Wang Jinxing Yu ann S Fulcher mary A Turner Department of Radiology Xinhua HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Department of Radiology Virginia Commonwealth UniversityMedical College of VirginiaRichmondVA 23298-0615United States

AIM:To determine the magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography(MRCP)and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)features of pancreatitis with pancreas divisum(PD)and the differences vs pancreatitis without ***:Institutional review board approval was obtained and the informed consent requirement was waived for this HIPAA-compliant *** one year period,1439 consecutive patients underwent successful MRCP without injection of secretin and abdominal MRI studies for a variety of clinical indications using a 1.5 T magnetic resonance *** experienced radiologists retrospectively reviewed all the studies in *** were resolved via consultation with a third experienced *** assessment included presence and the imaging findings of PD,pancreatitis,and distribution of *** pancreatitis with divisum constituted the study group while the pancreatitis without divisum served as the control *** and MRI findings were correlated with final *** exact tests and Pearson × 2 tests were ***:Pancreatitis was demonstrated at MRCP and MRI in 173 cases(38 cases with and 135 cases without divisum)among the 1439 consecutive *** recurrent acute pancreatitis accounted for 55.26%(21 of 38)in pancreatitis patients associated with PD,which was higher than 6.67%(9 of 135)in the control group,whereas the chronic pancreatitis was a dominant type in the control group(85.19%,115 of 135)when compared to the study group(42.11%,16 of 38)(χ 2 = 40.494,P < 0.0001).In cases of pancreatitis with PD,the dorsal pancreatitis accounted for a much higher percentage than that in pancreatitis without PD(17 of 38,44.74% vs 30 of 135,22.22%)(χ 2 = 7.257,P < 0.05).CONCLUSION:MRCP and MRI can depict the features of pancreatitis associated with *** acute pancreatitis and isolated dorsal involvement are more common in patients with divisum.

关键词： Pancreas divisum Pancreatitis Diagnosis Magnetic resonance imaging Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography

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Babies of technology

Babies of technology

Advances in healthcare wearable devices

作者： Mason mary ann Ekman Tom

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npj Flexible Electronics 2021年第1期5卷 73-86页

作者： Sheikh M.A.Iqbal Imadeldin Mahgoub E Du mary ann Leavitt Waseem Asghar Department of Computer and Electrical Engineering&Computer Science Florida Atlantic UniversityBoca RatonFLUSA Asghar-Lab Micro and Nanotechnology in MedicineCollege of Engineering and Computer ScienceBoca RatonFLUSA Department of Ocean and Mechanical Engineering Florida Atlantic UniversityBoca RatonFLUSA Christine E.Lynn College of Nursing Florida Atlantic UniversityBoca RatonFLUSA Department of Biological Sciences(Courtesy appointment) Florida Atlantic UniversityBoca RatonFLUSA

Wearable devices have found numerous applications in healthcare ranging from physiological diseases,such as cardiovascular diseases,hypertension and muscle disorders to neurocognitive disorders,such as Parkinson’s disease,Alzheimer’s disease and other psychological *** types of wearables are used for this purpose,for example,skin-based wearables including tattoobased wearables,textile-based wearables,and biofluidic-based ***,wearables have also shown encouraging improvements as a drug delivery system;therefore,enhancing its utility towards personalized *** wearables contain inherent challenges,which need to be addressed before their commercialization as a fully personalized healthcare *** paper reviews different types of wearable devices currently being used in the healthcare *** also highlights their efficacy in monitoring different diseases and applications of healthcare wearable devices(HWDs)for diagnostic and treatment ***,current challenges and limitations of these wearables in the field of healthcare along with their future perspectives are also reviewed.

关键词： wear healthcare challenges

Factors affecting access to primary health care services for persons with disabilities in rural areas:a“best-fit”framework synthesis

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Global Health Research and Policy 2018年第1期3卷 1-13页

作者： Ebenezer Dassah Heather Aldersey mary ann McColl Colleen Davison School of Rehabilitation Therapy Queen’s UniversityLouise D.Acton Building31 George StreetKingstonOntario K7L 3N6Canada Department of Public Health Sciences Queen’s UniversityCarruthers Hall62 Fifth Field Company LaneKingstonOntario K7L 3N6Canada

Background:Access to primary health care(PHC)is a fundamental human right and central in the performance of health care systems,however persons with disabilities(PWDs)generally experience greater barriers in accessing PHC than the general *** problems are further exacerbated for those with disabilities in rural *** PHC access for PWDs is particularly important as such knowledge can inform policies,clinical practice and future research in rural ***:We conducted a synthesis of published literature to explore the factors affecting access to PHC for PWDs in rural areas *** an adapted keyword search string we searched five databases(CINAHL,EMBASE,Global Health,Medline and Web of Science),key journals and the reference lists of included *** imported the articles into NVivo and conducted deductive(framework)analysis by charting the data into a rural PHC access *** subsequently conducted inductive(thematic)***:We identified 36 studies that met our inclusion criteria.A majority(n=26)of the studies were conducted in low-and middle-income *** found that PWDs were unable to access PHC due to obstacles including the interplay of four major factors;availability,acceptability,geography and *** particular,limited availability of health care facilities and services and perceived low quality of care meant that those in need of health care services frequently had to travel for *** barrier of geographic distance was worsened by transportation *** also observed that where health services were available most people could not afford the ***:Our synthesis noted that modifying the access framework to incorporate relationships among the barriers might help better conceptualize PHC access challenges and opportunities in rural *** also made recommendations for policy development,practice consideration and future research that could lead to more equitable acc

关键词： Primary health care Access Rural Disability Review

Food Safety and Health

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Engineering 2020年第4期6卷 391-392页

作者： Martin Cole mary ann Augustin The University of Adelaide AdelaideSA 5005Australia CSIRO Agriculture&Food WerribeeVIC 3030Australia

Good food safety practices along the whole food supply chain are required to ensure food quality and prevent contamination,which compromises the safety of foods *** in foods may be chemical(e.g.,toxic chemicals such as aflatoxins and pesticide residues)or microbial(e.g.,pathogenic microorganisms such as viruses and bacteria).Food safety breaches in any part of the food chain can result in unsafe food,which,if consumed,increases the risk of foodborne *** globalization and complexity of the food supply chain has resulted in greater exposure and increasing vulnerability to food safety *** way in which food safety is managed is being transformed by technological innovations and changes to *** the technological front,advances in sensors and real-time measurement,as well as improved methods of analysis(e.g.,more accurate identification of pesticides,gene sequencing,robotics,big data,and the Internet of Things),have driven the digitalization of the food safety *** safety standards set by food regulatory bodies have been managed by government and authorized bodies to ensure compliance through food safety *** changes,such as the introduction of the Food Safety Modernization Act in the United States in 2011,have facilitated a more proactive role in food safety management by private industry.

关键词： consumed technological inspection

Promises and pitfalls of targeted agents in chronic lymphocytic leukemia

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Cancer Drug Resistance 2020年第3期3卷 415-444页

作者： Thomas E.Lew mary ann Anderson John F.Seymour Department of Clinical Haematology The Royal Melbourne Hospital and Peter MacCallum Cancer CentreParkville 3050Australia. Blood Cells and Blood Cancer Division Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical ResearchParkville 3050Australia. Faculty of Medicine Dentistry and Health SciencesThe University of MelbourneParkville 3050Australia.

Targeted agents have significantly improved outcomes for patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia,particularly high-risk subgroups for whom chemoimmunotherapy previously offered limited *** classes of agent in particular,the Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitors(e.g.,ibrutinib)and the B-cell lymphoma 2 inhibitor,venetoclax,induce high response rates and durable remissions in the relapsed/refractory and frontline ***,maturing clinical data have revealed promises and pitfalls for both *** drugs induce remissions and disease control in the majority of patients,often in situations where modest efficacy would be expected with traditional chemoimmunotherapy ***,in the relapsed and refractory setting,both agents appear to be associated with an inevitable risk of disease relapse and *** patterns of resistance are being described for both agents but a common theme appears to be multiple sub-clonal drivers of disease *** these mechanisms and developing effective and safe methods to circumvent the emergence of resistance will determine the longer-term utility of these agents to improve patients’quality and length of *** drug combinations,optimised scheduling and sequencing of therapy will likely hold the key to achieving these important goals.

关键词： Chronic lymphocytic leukemia drug resistance venetoclax B-cell lymphoma 2 ibrutinib bruton tyrosine kinase idelalisib phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase