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种子小蜂和空壳果实对生物能源树种黄连木果实和油产量的影响(英文)

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昆虫学报 2011年第10期54卷 1133-1139页

作者：刘琼霞文礼章周华建吴倩 marvin k.harris 肖治术湖南农业大学生物科学与生物技术学院长沙410128 中国科学院动物研究所农业虫鼠害综合治理研究国家重点实验室北京100101 郑州大学生物工程系郑州450001 College Station Texas A&M UniversityTexas 77843USA

黄连木Pistacia chinensis Bunge因果实含油量高,被作为生物能源树种在我国进行大面积栽培推广和能源开发利用。然而,专性寄生害虫(主要为黄连木广肩小蜂Eurytoma plotnikovi Nikolskaya)的危害及由单性结实和败育所造成的空壳果实可能... 详细信息

黄连木Pistacia chinensis Bunge因果实含油量高,被作为生物能源树种在我国进行大面积栽培推广和能源开发利用。然而,专性寄生害虫(主要为黄连木广肩小蜂Eurytoma plotnikovi Nikolskaya)的危害及由单性结实和败育所造成的空壳果实可能影响黄连木的果实产量和质量。为了评价种子害虫和空壳果实对黄连木果实产量和质量的影响,我们测定了河南省济源市3个黄连木种群40株结果雌树的果实产量和油产量,同时测定了完好果实、空壳果实和虫蛀果实等3类果实的干重和含油量。结果表明:(1)虫害率和空壳率分别达22.6%和53.0%,且不同个体和种群间均存在显著差异(Pkg/树)和油产量(0.6kg/树)分别仅为期望产量的50%(4.7kg/树)和33%(1.9kg/树),但在3个种群之间无显著差异。本研究显示小蜂危害和空壳果实对黄连木果实产量和质量能造成严重影响,在将其作为生物能源树种利用时对此应加以克服。

关键词：黄连木生物能源生物能源树种种子小蜂黄连木广肩小蜂空壳果实果实产量油产量

Temporal allocation of metabolic tolerance in the body of beet armyworm in response to three gossypol-cotton cultivars

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2009年第12期52卷 1140-1147页

作者： marvin k.harris Department of Entomology Texas A&M University of USA

The nutrient composition and enzyme activities in larvae of the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (Hbner), fed on high, medium or low gossypol cotton cultivars were examined at different time intervals. Significantly lower free fatty acid was observed in larvae fed for 6 h on high gossypol 'M9101' compared to larvae fed on the low (ZMS13) and intermediate (HZ401) gossypol cultivars. Significantly higher trypsin activity was observed in larvae fed on high gossypol 'M9101' for 24 h compared to those fed for 1, 4 and 6 h. Significantly higher catalase and total superoxide dismutase enzyme activities were observed in larvae of S. exigua fed on high gossypol 'M9101' compared with low gossypol cultivars 'ZMS13' and 'HZ401' for 1, 4, 6 and 24 h. However, significantly lower carboxylesterase and acetylcholinesterase enzyme activities were found in larvae fed on high gossypol 'M9101' compared with the other cultivars for 1, 4, 6 and 24 h. The interaction between cotton variety and beet armyworm infestation time significantly affected the carboxylesterase enzyme activity in S. exigua. The characterization of the effects of plant allelochemicals on herbivorous larvae is important for aiding understanding of plant-insect interaction as well as in devising solutions to pest problems by breeding plant resistance, identifying metabolic targets for insecticide development, etc.

关键词： Spodoptera exigua gossypol free fatty acid detoxification enzyme acetylcholinesterase total superoxide dismutase

Effects of selected insecticides on adults of two parasitoid species of Liriomyza trifolii： Ganaspidium nigrimanus （Figitidae） and Neochrysocharis formosa （Eulophidae）

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Insect Science 2011年第5期18卷 512-520页

作者： Ricardo Hernandez kun Guo marvin harris Tong-Xian Liu Texas AgriLife Research Texas A＆M University System Weslaco Department of Entomology Texas A＆M University College Station Texas USA key Laboratory of Applied Entomology Northwest A＆F University Yangling Shaanxi Institute of Medicinal Plant Development Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Peking Union Medical College Beijing China

Liriomyza trifolii is an important pest of vegetables and ornamental crops around the world. This pest is attacked by many parasitoid species. The principal management tactic used against L. trifolii is insecticide application. Insecticides vary in their effects on parasitoid species and insecticides that have less harmful effects should be preferred for the control of this pest. In this study, novaluron, abamectin, λ-cyhalothrin and spinetoram were investigated for their lethal effects on adults of Neochrysocharisformosa and Ganaspidium nigrimanus, two important parasitoids ofL. trifolii. Three different bioassays were used on adult parasitoids： direct insecticide application, insecticide intake and insecticide residue. Adult parasitoid response to novaluron exhibited the least lethal effects among the bioassays and insecticides tested. Abamectin had significant mortality to both parasitoid species in the direct application and insecticide intake bioassays and mortality were high for G. nigrimanus in the residue bioassay. Spinetoram was the most harmful insecticide to the adult parasitoids in all three bioassays. λ-cyhalothrin effects varied between the two parasitoids. In the direct application, it was harmful to G. nigrimanus and had no effect on N. formosa. In the insecticide intake bioassay λ-cyhalothrin had no effect in survival of either species, and in the residue bioassay it reduced parasitoid survival of both species. Potential tolerance of N. formosa to λ-cyhalothrin is discussed.

关键词： biological control insecticides leafminers parasitoids

IPM OF CRUCIFER PEST INSECTS: FROM THEORY TO PRACTICE IN TEXAS

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IPM OF CRUCIFER PEST INSECTS: FROM THEORY TO PRACTICE IN TEX...

The ⅩⅤth International Plant Protection Congress

作者： Dudley SMITH marvin harris Department of Soil and Crop Sciences Texas A＆M University College Station TX 77843 USA Department of Entomology Texas A＆M University College Station TX 77843 USA

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印度圣牛

原生态民族文化学刊 2009年第3期1卷 61-66,91页

作者：马文·哈里斯贾仲益(翻译) 不详中央民族大学民族学与社会学学院

以一般人的眼光看,别的民族的宗教活动和宗教信仰往往显得费而不惠。之所以会造成这种印象,一方面,因为出于这些宗教活动和信仰的需要,大量稀缺的资源被用在仪式上;另一方面,宗教中的种种禁忌限制人们将那些明显是有用的资源加以利用。... 详细信息

以一般人的眼光看,别的民族的宗教活动和宗教信仰往往显得费而不惠。之所以会造成这种印象,一方面,因为出于这些宗教活动和信仰的需要,大量稀缺的资源被用在仪式上;另一方面,宗教中的种种禁忌限制人们将那些明显是有用的资源加以利用。从生态学的角度看来,这些宗教的存在似乎是缺乏合理性的。印度禁止屠牛的宗教规定经常被拿来作为支持上述观点的例子。很多人想不通,在印度这样一个时常遭受食物短缺和饥荒威胁的国度,为什么人们在自己都没有东西可吃的情况下,还能够眼看着牛群四处游逛、随处取食而无动于衷?对于这种观点,即认为其他民族的宗教缺乏生态意义上的合理性的看法,马文.哈里斯是不以为然的。他通过对印度进行实证研究,强调指出:在印度,牛不仅不是没有用处,而且还是印度生产条件的必要组成部分;宗教上禁止屠牛有其生态方面的合理性,添增牛犊和保存牛群是为了确保这些有用的牲畜能够持续不断地供应。

关键词：印度圣牛文化唯物论文化适应