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Population isolation shapes plant genetics, phenotype and germination in naturally patchy ecosystems

Journal of Plant Ecology 2017年第4期10卷 649-659页

作者： Laurent De Vriendt Marc-AndréLemay martine jean Sébastien Renaut Stéphanie Pellerin Simon Joly François Belzile Monique Poulin Département de Phytologie Facultédes Sciences de l’Agriculture et de l’AlimentationUniversitéLaval2425 rue de l’agriculture QuébecQuébec G1V 0A6Canada Québec Center for Biodiversity Science Department of BiologyMcGill UniversityStewart Biology Building1205 Dr.Penfield AvenueMontréal H3A 1B1Canada Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes(IBIS) UniversitéLaval1030 avenue de la MédecineQuébec G1V 0A6Canada Institut de recherche en biologie végétale Département des Sciences biologiquesUniversitéde Montréal4101 Sherbrooke EstMontréal H1X 2B2Canada Jardin botanique de Montréal 4101 Sherbrooke EstMontréal H1X 2B2Canada

Aims Habitat connectivity is important in conservation since isolation can diminish the potential of a population for adaptation and increase its risk of ***,conservation of naturally patchy ecosystems such as peatlands has mainly focused on preserving specific sites with exceptional characteristics,neglecting the poten-tial interconnectivity between *** order to better under-stand plant dynamics within a peatland network,we assessed the effect of population isolation on genetic distinctiveness,phenotypic variations and germination rates using the peatland-obligate white-fringed orchid(Platanthera blephariglottis).Methods Fifteen phenotypic traits were measured for 24 individuals per pop-ulation(20 distinct populations,Quebec,Canada)and germination rates of nearly 20000 seeds were *** distinctiveness was quantified for 26 populations using single nucleotide polymor-phism markers obtained via a pooled genotyping-by-sequencing *** isolation was measured as the distance to the nearest population and as the number of populations occurring in concentric buffer zones(within a radius of 2,5 and 10 km)around the studied *** Findings All phenotypic traits showed significant differences among *** results also indicated a pattern of isolation-by-distance,which suggests that seed and/or pollen exchange is restricted ***,all phenotypic traits,as well as a reduced germination rate,were correlated with either geographic isolation or genetic *** conclude that geographic iso-lation likely restricts gene flow,which in turn may affect ***,it is imperative that conservation programs take into account the patchy nature of such ecosystems,rather than targeting a few specific sites with exceptional character for preservation.

关键词： trait variation population genetics peatland orchid Platanthera blepharigottis genotyping by sequencing GBS

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Recurrent Clostridium difficile infections:The importance of the intestinal microbiota

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第23期20卷 7416-7423页

作者： Marie Céline Zanella Terrier martine Louis Simonet Philippe Bichard jean Louis Frossard Service of General Internal Medicine Geneva University Hospital1211 GenevaSwitzerland Service of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Geneva University Hospital1211 GenevaSwitzerland

Clostridium difficile infections(CDI)are a leading cause of antibiotic-associated and nosocomial *** effective antibiotic treatments,recurrent infections are *** the recent emergence of hypervirulent isolates of ***,CDI is a growing epidemic with higher rates of recurrence,increasing severity and *** microbiota transplantation(FMT)is an alternative treatment for recurrent CDI.A better understanding of intestinal microbiota and its role in CDI has opened the door to this promising therapeutic *** is thought to resolve dysbiosis by restoring gut microbiota diversity thereby breaking the cycle of recurrent *** the first reported use of FMT for recurrent CDI in 1958,systematic reviews of case series and case report have shown its effectiveness with high resolution rates compared to standard antibiotic *** article focuses on current guidelines for CDI treatment,the role of intestinal microbiota in CDI recurrence and current evidence about FMT efficacy,adverse effects and acceptability.

关键词： Clostridium difficile infection Clostridium difficile recurrence Fecal microbiota transplantation Stool transplantation Microbiota

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Double ischemic ileal stenosis secondary to mesenteric injury after blunt abdominal trauma

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第1期14卷 143-145页

作者： Valérie Bougard Claude Avisse martine Patey Denis Germain Nathalie Levy-Chazal jean-Franois Delattre Service de Chirurgie Viscérale Digestive et Endocrinienne CHU Reims Hpital Robert Debré Reims France martine Patey Laboratoire Central d’Anatomie et de Cytologie Pathologiques CHU Reims Hpital Robert Debré Reims France Denis Germain Laboratoire Photographique CHU ReimsHpital Robert Debré Reims France

The authors describe a rare case in which blunt abdominal trauma resulted in mesenteric injury with delayed double ischemic ileal stenosis. Abdominal computed tomography demonstrated stenotic ileal loop with mural thickening. At surgery, a double stenotic bowel loop was found adjacent to a healed defect in the mesentery. Histological examination of the two resected segments showed fibrotic and ischemic lesions within the mesentery. Ischemic intestinal stenosis from mesenteric injury should be considered in the differential diagnosis in patients suffering from intestinal occlusion with a history of blunt abdominal trauma.

关键词： Blunt abdominal trauma Mesenteric injury Intestinal stenosis Obstruction

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The 4700 aB.P. volcanic signal detected in Vostok BH8 ice core, Antarctica

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2005年第22期50卷 2636-2639页

作者： LIU Leibao KANG Jiancheng jean R. Petit Jefferson C. Simoes martine De Angelis Polar Research Institute of China Shanghai 200136 China Institute of Environment and Biogeochemistry Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China Laboratoire de Glaciologie et Géophysique de l'Environnement CNRS BP 96 Saint Martin d'Heres France Laboratório de Pesquisas Antárticas e Glaciológicas Instituto de Geociencias UFRGS Av. Bento Goncalves 950091501-970 - Porto Alegre RS - Brazil Department of Geography Shanghai Normal University Shanghai 200234 China

The detailed electrical conductivity measure- ment (ECM), trace chemical compositions and microparti- cles concentration analysis are performed for BH8 ice core from the depth of 126.0m to 130.0m at Vostok Station. At depth 128.7m, a volcanic signal 4726 a B.P. is detected. The volcanic sulphate flux is 95.8 kg·km?2, sulphate peak concen- tration 1352.8 ng·g?1, duration time about 10.1 years, com- parable with some well-known volcanic events. The results indicate that it seems to be a relatively large scale, long last- ing volcanic signal with farther volcanic origin.

关键词：南极洲火山岩电传导率微粒子浓度分析

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Transient and etiology-related transcription regulation in cirrhosis prior to hepatocellular carcinoma occurrence

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第3期15卷 300-309页

作者： Frédérique Caillot Céline Derambure Paulette Bioulac-Sage Arnaud Franois Michel Scotte Odile Goria martine Hiron Maryvonne Daveau jean-Philippe Salier Inserm Unité 905 and Institut Fédératif de Recherches Multidisciplinaires sur les Peptides Faculté de Médecine-Pharmacie76183 RouenFrance Service d'Anatomie Pathologique Centre Hospitalier Universitaireand Inserm U88933000 BordeauxFrance Département Pathologie Centre Hospitalier Universitaire76183 RouenFrance Service de Chirurgie Générale et Digestive Centre Hospitalier Universitaire76183 RouenFrance Service d'Hépato-gastro-entérologie Centre Hospitalier Universitaire76183 RouenFrance

AIM： To search for transcription dysregulation that could （1） differentiate hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC）-free from HCC-related cirrhosis （2） differentiate HCC-free cirrhosis related to HCV from that related to alcohol intake. METHODS： Using microarray analysis, we compared transcript levels in HCC-free cirrhosis （alcoholism： 7; hepatitis C： 7）, HCC-associated cirrhosis （alcoholism： 10; hepatitis C： 10） and eight control livers. The identified transcripts were validated by qRT-PCR in an independent cohort of 45 samples （20 HCC-free cirrhosis; 15 HCC-associated cirrhosis and 10 control livers）. We also confirmed our results by ***： In HCC-free livers, we identified 70transcripts which differentiated between alcoholicrelated-cirrhosis, HCV-related cirrhosis and control livers. They mainly corresponded to down-regulation. Dysregulation of Signal Transduction and Activator of Transcription-3 （STAT-3） was found along with related changes in STAT-3 targets which occurred in an etiology-dependent fashion in HCC-free cirrhosis. In contrast, in HCC, such transcription dysregulations were not observed. CONCLUSION： We report that transcriptional dysregulations exist in HCC-free cirrhosis, are transiently observed prior to detectable HCC onset and may be appear like markers from cirrhosis to HCC transition.

关键词： Liver Pathology Alcoholism Hepatitis Cvirus Gene expression Carcinogenesis

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Physical Modelling of the Drained Flow on a Suction Box of a Papermachine

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Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering 2011年第2期5卷 165-169页

作者： jean-Claude Roux martine Rueff Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Science and Graphic Arts Grenoble Institute of Technology - Pagora 461 rue de la papeterie38400 Saint-Martin d ＇Hbres France

Suction boxes are used in the paper industry to simultaneously drain a pulp suspension and form a fibre mat （or filter cake）. This research addresses the modelling of fibre deposition in the forming unit of an industrial papermachine, assuming a filtration process, and that of the flowing suspension drained through the building fibre mat and the wire on a suction box. From experimental data of the cumulative drained V volume, per unit surface area, for two vacuum pressures △P and 6 dwell times t, an extension of the classical law （t/V） versus V is proposed, validated and applied. This relation enables determining the average specific filtration resistance of the fibre mat over the box and the mass of solids deposited before and over the suction box. The model obtained is as precise as 1% and can be used to limit and reduce the energy consumption of drainage vacuum assisted devices such as suction boxes in the forming unit of industrial papermachines.

关键词： Papermachine suction box physical modelling specific filtration resistance fibre deposition "dead-end" filtration

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Effects of glutamine supplementation on gut barrier,glutathione content and acute phase response in malnourished rats during inflammatory shock

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2007年第20期13卷 2833-2840页

作者： Liliana Belmonte Mose Co■ffier Florence Le Pessot Olga Miralles-Barrachina martine Hiron Antony Leplingard jean-Franois Lemeland Bernadette Hecketsweiler Maryvonne Daveau Philippe Ducrotté Pierre Déchelotte Appareil Digestif Environnement Nutrition ADEN EA3234Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire de Recherche Biomédicale and Institut Fédératif de Recherches Multidisciplinaires sur les PeptidesFaculté de Médecine-PharmacieRouenFrance Service d’Anatomie Pathologique Centre Hospitalier UniversitaireRouenFrance INSERM unit 519 Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire de Recherche Biomédicale and Institut Fédératif de Recherches Multidisciplinaires sur les PeptidesFaculté de Médecine-PharmacieRouenFrance Groupe de Recherche sur les Antimicrobiens et les Microorganismes GRAM EA2656Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire de Recherche Biomédicale and Institut Fédératif de Recherches Multidisciplinaires sur les PeptidesFaculté de Médecine-PharmacieRouenFrance

AIM: To evaluate the effect of glutamine on intestinal mucosa integrity,glutathione stores and acute phase response in protein-depleted rats during an inflammatory shock. METHODS: Plasma acute phase proteins (APP),jejunal APP mRNA levels,liver and jejunal glutathione concentrations were measured before and one,three and seven days after turpentine injection in 4 groups of control,protein-restricted,protein-restricted rats supplemented with glutamine or protein powder. Bacterial translocation in mesenteric lymph nodes and intestinal morphology were also assessed. RESULTS: Protein deprivation and turpentine injection significantly reduced jejunal villus height,and crypt depths. Mucosal glutathione concentration significantly decreased in protein-restricted rats. Before turpentine oil,glutamine supplementation restored villus heights and glutathione concentration (3.24 ± 1.05 vs 1.72 ± 0.46 μmol/g tissue,P < 0.05) in the jejunum,whereas in the liver glutathione remained low. Glutamine markedly increased jejunal α1-acid glycoprotein mRNA level after turpentine oil but did not affect its plasma concentration. Bacterial translocation in protein-restricted rats was not prevented by glutamine or protein powder supplementation. CONCLUSION: Glutamine restored gut glutathione stores and villus heights in malnourished rats but had no preventive effect on bacterial translocation in our model.

关键词： Acute phase response Glutamine Glutathione Intestine Malnutrition

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Genome-wide differences in hepatitis C-vs alcoholism-associated hepatocellular carcinoma

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第11期14卷 1749-1758页

作者： Céline Derambure Cédric Coulouarn Frédérique Caillot Romain Daveau martine Hiron Michel Scotte Arnaud Franois Celia Duclos Odile Goria Marie Gueudin Catherine Cavard Benoit Terris Maryvonne Daveau jean-Philippe Salier Inserm Unité519 and Institut Fédératif de Recherches Multidisciplinaires sur les Peptides Facultéde Médecine-PharmacieRouenFrance Inserm Unité519 and Institut Fédératif de Recherches Multidisciplinaires sur les Peptides Facultéde Médecine-PharmacieRouenFrance Service de Chirurgie Générale et DigestiveCentre Hospitalier UniversitaireRouenFrance Département de Pathologie Centre Hospitalier UniversitaireRouenFrance Inserm Unité519 and Institut Fédératif de Recherches Multidisciplinaires sur les Peptides Facultéde Médecine-PharmacieRouenFrance Service d'Hépato-gastro-enterologieCentre Hospitalier UniversitaireRouenFrance Laboratoire de Virologie and UPRES EA 2646 Centre Hospitalier UniversitaireRouenFrance Inserm Unité567 CNRS UMR 8104 UniversitéParis 5Département GDPMInstitut CochinParis France

AIM:To look at a comprehensive picture of etiology- dependent gene abnormalities in hepatocellular carcinoma in Western Europe. METHODS:With a liver-oriented microarray,transcript levels were compared in nodules and cirrhosis from a training set of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (alcoholism,12;hepatitis C,10)and 5 *** or tight selection of informative transcripts with an abnormal abundance was statistically valid and the tightly selected transcripts were next quantified by qRTPCR in the nodules from our training set(12+10) and a test set(6+7). RESULTS:A selection of 475 transcripts pointed to significant gene over-representation on chromosome 8 (alcoholism)or-2(hepatitis C)and ontology indicated a predominant inflammatory response(alcoholism)or changes in cell cycle regulation,transcription factors and interferon responsiveness(hepatitis C).A stringent selection of 23 transcripts whose differences betweenetiologies were significant in nodules but not in cirrhotic tissue indicated that the above dysregulations take place in tumor but not in the surrounding *** 23 transcripts separated our test set according to etiologies. The inflammation-associated transcripts pointed to limited alterations of free iron metabolism in alcoholic vs hepatitis C tumors. CONCLUSION:Etiology-specific abnormalities(chromo- some preference;differences in transcriptomes and related functions)have been identified in hepatocellular carcinoma driven by alcoholism or hepatitis *** may open novel avenues for differential therapies in this disease.

关键词： Alcoholism Chromosome Cirrhosis Hepatitis C Transcriptomes Protein function

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真菌Cercospora beticola的12种毒素贝第高林对癌基因ras转导的肾上腺细胞生长的作用(英文)

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Acta Pharmacologica Sinica 2001年第9期22卷 3-10页

作者：丁国庆,Gabriella MAUME,Hanan OSMAN,martine PADIEU,Marie-Louise MILAT,Claude HUMBERT,jean-Pierre BLEIN,Bernard F MAUME Laboratoire de Biochimie des Interactions Cellulaires Faculte de Sciences Universite de Bourgogne BP 400 21011 Dijon Cedex France Laboratoire de Biochimie des Interactions Cellulaires Faculte de Sciences Universite de Bourgogne BP 400 21011 Dijon Cedex France Laboratoire de Biochimie des Interactions Cellulaires Faculte de Sciences Universite de Bourgogne BP 400 21011 Dijon Cedex France Laboratoire de Biochimie des Interactions Cellulaires Faculte de Sciences Universite de Bourgogne BP 400 21011 Dijon Cedex France Laboratoire de Phytopharmacie INRA BV 1540 21034 Dijon Cedex France Laboratoire de Biochimie des Interactions Cellulaires Faculte de Sciences Universite de Bourgogne BP 400 21011 Dijon Cedex France Laboratoire de Phytopharmacie INRA BV 1540 21034 Dijon Cedex France Laboratoire de Biochimie des Interactions Cellulaires Faculte de Sciences Universite de Bourgogne BP 400 21011 Dijon Cedex France Hong Kong Institute of Biotechnology

AIM: To explore different effects of 12 beticolins, Cer-cospora beticola toxins, on ras-transformed adrenocorti-cal cell growth inhibition and their functional mechanism. METHODS: Beticolin-induced inhibition was measured with survival cell number determined by an automated photocolorimetric method. The penetration of beticolin was examined by confocal microscopy. Ras protein determined by Lowry method were separated by 14 % SDS-PAGE and electroblotted to Immobilon-P transfer membrane and detected with pan-Ras (Ab-3) monoclonal antibody. The Ca2+ chelation by beticolin was investigated using a calcium ionophore. RESULTS: Cell growth inhibition was found dose- and time-dependently at submicromolar level for beticolin-1, -2, and -13 (IC50 ≤250 nmol/L) and for beticolin-0, 6, and -11 (400 nmol/L ≤ IC50<500 nmol/L). The inhibition by beticolin-1 was immediate, independent of cell culture step and not reversible for 3-day treatment. Beticolin-3 and -4 were slightly active (1 μmol/L < IC50 ≤ 2 μmol/L) an

关键词：贝第高林细胞分裂转化细胞系肾上腺皮质钙原癌基因蛋白质p21(ras) 共聚焦显微镜检查

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Mapping Landslide Susceptibility and Analyzing Its Impact on Community Livelihoods in Gakenke District, Northern Rwanda

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2020年第5期8卷 41-55页

作者： Mucyo jean Claude Nsanzumukiza Vincent Martin Maniragaba Abias Mukasekuru Francoise Uwemeye Johnson Kagame Tonny Uwera martine Department of Environmental Economics and Natural Resources Management Faculty of Environmental Studies University of Lay Adventists of Kigali Kigali Rwanda

This study spatially distributed landslide susceptibility and assessed its impact on community livelihoods in Gakenke district of Rwanda. The Global Positioning System (GPS) located recent landslides from which inventory map was built. Six conditioning factors: elevation, slope, land use and land cover, rainfall, soil texture and lithology were analyzed by Geographic Information System (GIS) to map landslide susceptibility. The results showed that Janja, Muzo, Kamubuga, Kivuruga and Muyongwe sector are highly susceptible to landslide. The elevation, slope, poor land management and rainfall are the key drivers to landslide in this area. The findings indicated that the residents are not aware of landslide causal factors due to low level of education and trainings. Also, rain harvest which could minimize the runoff is not yet practiced;this in turn impacts on people’s livelihoods by killing/injuring people, damaging their infrastructures and natural resources. Therefore, it is suggested to empower rainwater harvest, deliver education and training to enhance community awareness, and ensure that the local community is involved in planning and execution of landside risk reduction schedule.

关键词： Community Gakenke District GIS Landslide Susceptibility Livelihoods

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