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Ion emission from warm dense matter produced by irradiation with a soft x-ray free-electron laser

Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2024年第1期9卷 71-84页

作者： Josef Krása Tomás Burian Vera Hájková Jaromír Chalupský Šimon Jelínek Katerina Frantálová Michal Krupka Zuzana Kuglerová Sushil Kumar Singh Vojtech Vozda Ludek Vysín MichalŠmíd Pablo Perez-martin Marion Kühlman Juan Pintor Jakub Cikhardt Matthias dreimann dennis Eckermann Felix Rosenthal Sam M.Vinko Alessandro Forte Thomas Gawne Thomas Campbell Shenyuan Ren YuanFeng Shi Trevor Hutchinson Oliver Humphries Thomas Preston Mikako Makita Motoaki Nakatsutsumi Xiayun Pan Alexander Köhler Marion Harmand Sven Toleikis Katerina Falk Libor Juha department of Radiation and Chemical Physics Institute of PhysicsCzech Academy of SciencesNa Slovance 218221 Prague 8Czech Republic Laser Plasma department Institute of Plasma PhysicsCzech Academy of SciencesZa Slovankou 318200 Prague 8Czech Republic department of Surface and Plasma Science Faculty of Mathematics and PhysicsCharles University in PragueV Holesovi ckách 218000 Prague 8Czech Republic department of Physical Electronics Faculty of Nuclear Science and Engineering PhysicsCzech Technical University in PragueV Holesovi ckách 218000 Prague 8Czech Republic Helmholtz-Zentrum dresden-Rossendorf Bautzner Landstraße 40001328 DresdenGermany dESY Photon Science Notkestraße 85D-22607 HamburgGermany Institut de Minéralogie de Physique des Matériaux et de CosmochimieUMR 7590–UPMC/CNRS/IRD/MNHNSorbonne Université4 place Jussieu75005 ParisFrance department of Physics Faculty of Electrical EngineeringCzech Technical University in PragueTechnická216627 Prague 6Czech Republic Center for Soft Nanoscience University of MünsterBusso-Peus-Straße 10D-48149 MünsterGermany department of Physics Clarendon LaboratoryUniversity of OxfordParks RoadOxford OX13PUUnited Kingdom Central Laser Facility STFC Rutherford Appleton LaboratoryDidcot OX110QXUnited Kingdom Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory 7000 East AvenueLivermoreCalifornia 94550USA European XFEL GmbH Holzkoppel 4D-22869 SchenefeldGermany Technische Universität dresden 01062 DresdenGermany

We report on an experiment performed at the FLASH2 free-electron laser(FEL)aimed at producing warm dense matter via soft x-ray isochoric *** the experiment,we focus on study of the ions emitted during the soft x-ray ablation process using time-of-flight electron multipliers and a shifted Maxwell–Boltzmann velocity distribution *** find that most emitted ions are thermal,but that some impurities chemisorbed on the target surface,such as protons,are accelerated by the electrostatic field created in the plasma by escaped *** morphology of the complex crater structure indicates the presence of several ion groups with varying *** find that the ion sound velocity is controlled by the ion temperature and show how the ion yield depends on the FEL radiation attenuation length in different materials.

关键词： electrostatic emitted chemi

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Hybrid 2d–3d optical devices for integrated optics by direct laser writing

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Light(Science & Applications) 2014年第1期3卷 173-181页

作者： martin Schumann Tiemo Buckmann Nico Gruhler martin Wegener Wolfram Pernice Institute of Applied Physics and dFG-Center for Functional Nanostructures(CFN) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology(KIT)76131 KarlsruheGermany Institute of Nanotechnology(INT) 76344 Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany

Integrated optical chips have already been established for application in optical *** also offer interesting future perspectives for integrated quantum optics on a *** present,however,they are mostly fabricated using essentially planar fabrication approaches like electron-beam lithography or UV optical *** further design options would arise if one had complete fabrication freedom in regard to the third dimension normal to the chip without having to give up the virtues and the know-how of existing planar fabrication *** a step in this direction,we here use three-dimensional dip-in direct-laser-writing optical lithography to fabricate three-dimensional polymeric functional devices on pre-fabricated planar optical chips containing Si3N4 waveguides as well as grating couplers made by standard electron-beam *** first example is a polymeric dielectric rectangular-shaped waveguide which is connected to Si3N4 waveguides and that is adiabatically twisted along its axis to achieve geometrical rotation of linear polarization on the *** rotator’s broadband performance at around 1550 nm wavelength is verified by polarization-dependent grating *** polarization rotation on the optical chip cannot easily be achieved by other *** second example is a whispering-gallery-mode optical resonator connected to Si_(3)N_(4) waveguides on the chip via polymeric *** mechanically connecting the latter to the disk,we can control the coupling to the resonator and,at the same time,guarantee mechanical stability of the three-dimensional architecture on the chip.

关键词： direct laser writing integrated optics nanophotonic circuits polarization conversion

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3d mixed finite elements for curved,flat piezoelectric structures

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International Journal of Smart and Nano Materials 2019年第4期10卷 249-267页

作者： martin Meindlhumer Astrid Pechstein Institute of Technical Mechanics Johannes Kepler University LinzLinzAustria

The Tangential-displacement Normal-Normal-Stress(TdNNS)method is a finite element method that was originally introduced for elastic solids and later extended to piezoelectric *** uses tangential components of the displacement and normal components of the normal stress vector as degrees of freedom for *** the electric field,the electric potential is *** TdNNS method has been shown to provide elements which do not suffer from shear *** thin structures(*** patch actuators)can be modeled *** and prismatic elements of arbitrary polynomial order are provided in the current *** show that these elements can be used to discretize curved,shelllike geometries by curved elements of high aspect *** order of geometry approximation can be chosen independently from the polynomial order of the shape *** present two examples of curved geometries,a circular patch actuator and a radially polarized piezoelectric *** results of the TdNNS method are compared to results gained in *** obtain good results for displacements and electric potential as well as for stresses,strains and electric field when using only one element in thickness direction.

关键词： Piezoelasticity mixed finite elements curved elements locking free

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Male competition and speciation： expanding our framework for speciation by sexual selection

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Current Zoology 2018年第1期64卷 69-73页

作者： Alycia C. R. LACKEY Michael d. martin Robin M. TINGHITELLA department of Biological Sciences Binghamton University Binghamton NY 13902 USA department of Biology Oxford College of Emory University Oxford GA 30054 USA department of Biological Sciences University of Denver Denver CO 80208 USA

IntroductionSexual selection is a powerful source of rapid evolutionary change, and there is a long-standing hypothesis that it can cause reproductive isolation. However, our understanding of speciation by sexual selection is largely limited to mechanisms by which sexual selection via female mate choice can drive divergence （i.e., when male mating signals and female preferences for those signals diversify; Panhuis et al. 2001; Maan and Seehausen 2011）. Male competition for mates--darwin＇s second mechanism of sexual selection-can also favor rapid and dramatic phenotypic and genotypic changes, yet it has been all but overlooked in speciation research （darwin 1859, 1871; Seehausen and Schluter 2004;

关键词：竞争框架配偶选择多样化达尔文机制信号进化

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Evaluation for Small Visual difference Between Conforming Meshes on Strain Field

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Journal of Computer Science & Technology 2009年第1期24卷 65-75页

作者：边哲胡事民 Ralph R.martin department of Computer Science and Technology Tsinghua University School of Computer Science Cardiff UniversityCardiffU.K.

This paper gives a method of quantifying small visual differences between 3d mesh models with conforming topology, based on the theory of strain fields. Strain field is a geometric quantity in elasticity which is used to describe the deformation of elastomer. In this paper we consider the 3d models as objects with elasticity. The further demonstrations are provided： the first is intended to give the reader a visual impression of how our measure works in practice; and the second is to give readers a visual impression of how our measure works in evaluating filter algorithms. Our experiments show that our difference estimates are well correlated with human perception of differences. This work has applications in the evaluation of 3d mesh watermarking, 3d mesh compression reconstruction, and 3d mesh filtering.

关键词： 3d conforming meshes mesh comparison perception strain fields

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Finding stable multi-component materials by combining cluster expansion and crystal structure predictions

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npj Computational Materials 2023年第1期9卷 2137-2146页

作者： Adam Carlsson Johanna Rosen martin dahlqvist Materials design Department of PhysicsChemistryand Biology(IFM)Linköping UniversitySE-58183 LinköpingSweden

A desired prerequisite when performing a quantum mechanical calculation is to have an initial idea of the atomic positions within an approximate crystal *** atomic positions combined should result in a system located in,or close to,an energy ***,designing low-energy structures may be a challenging task when prior knowledge is scarce,specifically for large multi-component systems where the degrees of freedom are close to *** this paper,we propose a method for identification of low-energy crystal structures within multi-component systems by combining cluster expansion and crystal structure predictions with density-functional theory *** structure prediction searches are applied to the Mo_(2)AlB_(2) and Sc2AlB_(2) ternary systems to identify candidate structures,which are subsequently used to explore the quaternary(pseudo-binary)(Mo_(x)Sc_(1–x))2AlB_(2) system through the cluster expansion formalism utilizing the ground-state search ***,we show that utilizing low-energy structures found within the cluster expansion ground-state search as seed structures within crystal structure predictions of(Mo_(x)Sc_(1–x))2AlB_(2) can significantly reduce the computational *** this combined approach,we not only correctly identified the recently discovered Mo_(4/3)Sc_(2/3)AlB_(2) i-MAB phase,comprised of in-plane chemical ordering of Mo and Sc and with Al in a Kagomélattice,but also predict additional low-energy structures at various *** result demonstrates that combining crystal structure prediction with cluster expansion provides a path for identifying low-energy crystal structures in multi-component systems by employing the strengths from both frameworks.

关键词： structure cluster crystal

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The RNA binding proteins TIA1 and TIAL1 promote Mcl1 mRNA translation to protect germinal center responses from apoptosis

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2023年第9期20卷 1063-1076页

作者： Ines COsma-Garcia Mailys Mouysset dunja Capitan-Sobrino Yann Aubert martin Turner Manuel d.diaz-Muñoz Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory diseases(INFINITy) Inserm UMR1291CNRS UMR5051University Paul SabatierCHU PurpanToulouse 31024France Immunology Program The Babraham InstituteCambridgeUK

Germinal centers(GCs)are essential for the establishment of long-lasting antibody *** B cells rely on post-transcriptional RNA mechanisms to translate activation-associated transcriptional programs into functional changes in the cell ***,the critical proteins driving these key mechanisms are still ***,we show that the RNA binding proteins TIA1 and TIAL1 are required for the generation of long-lasting GC ***1-and TIAL1-deficient GC B cells fail to undergo antigen-mediated positive selection,expansion and differentiation into B-cell clones producing high-affinity ***,TIA1 and TIAL1 control the transcriptional identity of dark-and light-zone GC B cells and enable timely expression of the prosurvival molecule ***,we demonstrate here that TIA1 and TIAL1 are key players in the post-transcriptional program that selects high-affinity antigen-specific GC B cells.

关键词： Adaptive immunity Germinal centers Post-transcriptional gene regulation RNA binding proteins Cell identity Apoptosis/10.1038/s41423-023-01063-4

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Numerical Noise Prediction in Fluid Machinery

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Journal of Thermal Science 2005年第3期14卷 230-235,248页

作者： Iris PANTLE Franco MAGAGNATO martin GABI department of Fluid Machinery University of Karlsruhe D-76128 Karlsruhe Department of Fluid Machinery University of Karlsruhe D-76128 Karlsruhe Department of Fluid Machinery University of Karlsruhe D-76128 Karlsruhe

Numerical methods successively became important in the design and optimization of fluid machinery. However, as noise emission is considered, one can hardly find standardized prediction methods combining flow and acoustical optimization. Several numerical field methods for sound calculations have been developed. due to the complexity of the considered flow, approaches must be chosen to avoid exhaustive computing. In this contribution the noise of a simple propeller is investigated. The configurations of the calculations comply with an existing experimental setup chosen for evaluation. The used in-house CFd solver SPARC contains an acoustic module based on Ffowcs Williams-Hawkings Acoustic Analogy. From the flow results of the time dependent Large Eddy Simulation the time dependent acoustic sources are extracted and given to the acoustic module where relevant sound pressure levels are calculated. The difficulties, which arise while proceeding from open to closed rotors and from gas to liquid are discussed.

关键词： numerical noise prediction fluid machinery computational aero-acoustics large eddy simulation

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Probing the architecture of the Mycobacterium marinum arylamine N-acetyltransferase active site

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Protein & Cell 2010年第4期1卷 384-392页

作者： Areej M.Abuhammad Edward d.Lowe Elizabeth Fullam martin Noble Elspeth F.Garman Edith Sim department of Pharmacology University of OxfordMansfield RoadOxford OX13QTUK department of Biochemistry University of OxfordSouth Parks RoadOxford OX13QUUK

Treatment of latent tuberculosis infection remains an important goal of global TB *** this end,targets that are essential for intracellular survival of Mycobacterium tuberculosis are particularly *** N-acetyltransferase(NAT)represents such a target as it is,along with the enzymes encoded by the associated gene cluster,essential for mycobacterial survival inside macrophages and involved in cholesterol *** is likely to be the fuel for *** inside *** the nat gene and inhibiting the NAT enzyme prevents survival of the microorganism in macrophages and induces cell wall alterations,rendering the mycobacterium sensitive to antibiotics to which it is normally *** date,NAT from ***(MMNAT)is considered the best available model for NAT from ***(TBNAT).The enzyme catalyses the acetylation and propionylation of arylamines and *** is a good acetyl and propionyl acceptor for both MMNAT and *** MMNAT structure has been solved to 2.1Åresolution following crystallisation in the presence of hydralazine and is compared to available NAT *** the mode of ligand binding,features of the binding pocket can be identified,which point to a novel mechanism for the acetylation reaction that results in a 3-methyltriazolo[3,4-a]phthalazine ring compound as product.

关键词： Mycobacterium tuberculosis Mycobacterium marinum tuberculosis arylamine N-acetyltransferase 3d crystal structure binding pocket

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Identification of the Mamestra configurata （Lepidoptera Noctuidae） peritrophic matrix proteins and enzymes involved in peritrophic matrix chitin metabolism

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Insect Science 2016年第5期23卷 656-674页

作者： Umut Toprak martin Erlandson doug Baldwin Steve Karcz Lianglu Wan Cathy Coutu Cedric Gillott dwayne d. Hegedus Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Saskatoon SK Canada department of Biology University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon SK Canada department of Plant Protection Faculty of Agriculture University of Ankara Ankara Turkey department of Food and Bioproduct Sciences University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon SK Canada plant Biotechnology Institute National Research Council of Canada Saskatoon SK Canada

The peritrophic matrix （PM） is essential for insect digestive system physiol- ogy as it protects the midgut epithelium from damage by food particles, pathogens, and toxins. The PM is also an attractive target for development of new pest control strategies due to its per os accessibility. To understand how the PM performs these functions, the molecular architecture of the PM was examined using genomic and proteomic approaches in Mamestra configurata （Lepidoptera： Noctuidae）, a major pest of cruciferous oilseed crops in North America. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analyses of the PM identified 82 proteins classified as：（i） peritrophins, including a new class with a CBdIII domain; （ii） enzymes involved in chitin modification （chitin deacetylases）, di- gestion （serine proteases, aminopeptidases, carboxypeptidases, lipases and ^-amylase） or other reactions （/^-l,3-glucanase, alkaline phosphatase, dsRNase, astacin, pantetheinase）; （iii） a heterogenous group consisting of polycalin, REPATs, serpin, C-Type lectin and Lsti99/Lsti201 and 3 novel proteins without known orthologs. The genes encoding PM proteins were expressed predominantly in the midgut, cdNAs encoding chitin synthase-2 （McCHS-2）, chitinase （McCHI）, and fl-N-acetylglucosaminidase （McNAG） enzymes, in- volved in PM chitin metabolism, were also identified. McCHS-2 expression was specific to the midgut indicating that it is responsible for chitin synthesis in the PM, the only chitinous material in the midgut. In contrast, the genes encoding the chitinolytic enzymes were expressed in multiple tissues. McCHS-2, McCHI, and McNAG were expressed in the midgut of feeding larvae, and NAG activity was present in the PM. This information was used to generate an updated model of the lepidopteran PM architecture.

关键词： chitin Mamestra configurata peritrophic matrix protein

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