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Predator-prey distance and latency to flee from an immobile predator： functional relationship and importance

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Current Zoology 2016年第2期62卷 117-122页

作者： william E. COOPER jr.Jose martin Department of Biology Indiana University Purdue University Fort Wayne Fort Wayne IN 46805 USA Departamento de Ecologia Evolutiva Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales CSIC Madrid Spain

when an immobile prey has detected an immobile predator nearby, predation risk is greater when the predator is closer. Consequently, prey flee with shorter latency as standing distance （predator-prey distance when both are still） decreases. Since it was first reported in 2009, this relationship has been confirmed in the few species studied. However, little is known about the functional relationship between standing distance and latency to flee （LF）. we hypothesized that LF increases as standing distance increases at short distances, but reaches a plateau at longer distances where prey can escape reliably if attacked. we simulated immobile predators by moving slowly into positions near striped plateau lizards Sceloporus virgatus, stopping and then remaining immobile, and recording LF from the stopping time. LF increased from shorter to longer standing distances in a decelerating manner. The relationship was concave downward, and LF was indistinguishable among the longer standing distance groups. Latency to flee appears to reach a plateau or approach an asymptotic value as stand- ing distance increases. The effect size of standing distance was large, indicating that S. virgatus sensi- tively adjusts LF to the level of risk associated with standing distance. Relationships between risk assessment and theoretical zones associated with risk, its assessment by prey, and escape decisions are discussed. Effect sizes of standing distance were substantial to large in all studies to date, indicating that standing distance is an important predation risk factor when both predator and prey are immobile.

关键词： antipredatory behavior escape behavior latency to flee squamata standing distance.

Heart and Lung Disorders Complicating Pregnancy and the Puerperium: Pitfalls in Practice &Lessons Learned

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2021年第4期11卷 338-354页

作者： James Nello martin jr. James martin Tucker Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology University of Mississippi Medical Center Jackson Mississippi USA winfred L. wiser Hospital for women & Infants University of Mississippi Medical Center Jackson Mississippi USA

Objective: To review a case series of 12 women with unexpected heart and lung disorders that occurred during pregnancy and the puerperium, describing for teaching purposes the pitfalls in practice and the lessons learned from this experience. Materials & Methods: We reviewed case files of women with medical and/or hypertensive complications of pregnancy that were evaluated for medicolegal defense purposes by the first author between 1986-2015. Twelve women in these case files experienced unexpected cardiovascular and/or cardiopulmonary complications late in pregnancy or early in the puerperium. For each case, the pertinent medical record information was extracted. Important concepts as lessons learned are summarized and referenced for teaching purposes. Results: Five women had undetected preexisting heart disease which acutely deteriorated during the third trimester, four women developed postpartum heart failure related to pregnancy and delivery, and three women suffered an intrapartum cardiac arrest;none survived. Their case presentations illustrate the importance of obstetric health care professionals being alert to the signs/symptoms of developing cardiopulmonary disease late in pregnancy and following delivery so that timely evaluation and intervention can be accomplished to potentially avoid morbidity and mortality. Diagnostic categories include peripartum heart failure, high-risk chronic hypertension, s

关键词： Cardiopulmonary Cardiovascular Maternal Morbidity & Mortality Pregnancy & Postpartum Complications

Pregnant-Postpartum women with Severe Epigastric Pain and HELLP Syndrome: A Highly Dangerous Combination

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2021年第8期11卷 1081-1091页

作者： James Nello martin jr. James martin Tucker Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology The Winfred L. Wiser Hospital for Women & Infants at the University of Mississippi Medical Center Jackson Mississippi USA

OBJECTIVE: HELLP syndrome is a severe preeclampsia spectrum disorder diagnosed when laboratory evidence of hemolysis, liver dysfunction and thrombocytopenia are present. The presence of epigastric pain with laboratory criteria for HELLP syndrome may indicate higher maternal-fetal risk. Thus we explored maternal outcomes in 42 pregnant/postpartum women that had HELLP syndrome by laboratory criteria in addition to sudden severe epigastric pain. METHODS: A database was constructed from the medical files of all patients with medical/hypertensive disorders evaluated by the first author from 1986-2015 for medicolegal purposes. All patient files of women who presented to their physicians with a diagnosis of presumptive HELLP syndrome were examined. RESULTS: Fifty-eight pregnant/postpartum women fulfilled study inclusion criteria;they presented to physicians for evaluation usually in non-tertiary care hospital settings. Clinical presentation and care including lab data and details of pregnancy outcome were evaluated. A correct diagnosis of HELLP syndrome was verified for 42 women (72.4%);others were determined to have AFLP-Acute Fatty Liver of Pregnancy (n

关键词： HELLP SYNDROME with or without Epigastric Pain Maternal Morbidity & Mortality LDH to AST Ratio

Adverse Maternal Consequences Associated with Prolonged Acute-Onset Severe Systolic Hypertension during Pregnancy &Early Postpartum: Pitfalls in Practice &Lessons Learned

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2021年第5期11卷 626-635页

作者： James Nello martin jr. James martin Tucker Obstetrics Gynecology & Maternal-Fetal Medicine The Winfred L. Wiser Hospital for Women & Infants The University of Mississippi Medical Center Jackson Mississippi USA Obstetrics & Gynecology The Winfred L. Wiser Hospital for Women & Infants The University of Mississippi Medical Center Jackson Mississippi USA

OBJECTIVE: To determine the types of major maternal-perinatal morbidity associated with prolonged, acute-onset severe systolic hypertension during pregnancy and postpartum. METHODS: A medicolegal database retaining only medical record data was created from all cases involving women with medical/hypertensive disorders of pregnancy evaluated by the first author between 1986-2015. Case files of women that experienced severe systolic hypertension (SSH) sustained for many hours to days were identified for study. RESULTS: Sixty six pregnant/postpartum women met study criteria. Stroke secondary to intracranial hemorrhage or thrombosis (65.2) and acute pulmonary edema (33%) were the leading causes of maternal morbidity and mortality, most often antepartum as a component of early-onset preeclampsia (≤34 weeks). Eclampsia, abruptio placenta and injury to heart, liver and/or kidneys were other frequent co-morbidities. Seven postpartum women developed sudden new-onset postpartum SSH and suffered a stroke 4 -

A very rare case of late diagnosis of cor triatriatum sinistrum

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2015年第2期12卷 185-186页

作者： lngrid Schusterova martin Czemy Alexander Jurko jr.Milan Minarik Cardiac Surgepy Clinic' Eastern Heart Institute Kosice 04011 Slovakia Department of Cardiovascular Surgery University Hospital Zurich 8091 Switzerland Pediatric Cardiology Clinic Jessenius Faculty ofMedicine Comenius University Martin 03601 SIovakia Faculty of Health Care Catholic University in Ruzomberok 03401 Slovakia

we presented a 73-year-old patient with a history of hospitalizations for heart failure as well as treatment for arterial hypertension and permanent atrial fibrillation and who was found to have cor triatriatum sinistrum in combination with bicuspid aortic valve. Patient refused surgical correction, but his condition improved on conservative therapy for heart failure and atrial fibrillation.

关键词： Congenital heart defect Cor triatriatum Echocardiography

Full Scale SBR Municipal wastewater Treatment Facility Utilization of Simultaneous Nitrification/Denitrification Coupled with Traditional Nitrogen Removal to Meet water Criterion

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Green and Sustainable Chemistry 2022年第2期12卷 41-56页

作者： Charlie L. martin jr. Clayton J. Clark II City Engineer Graceville FL USA Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Florida A&M University Tallahassee FL USA

Simultaneous nitrification denitrification (SND) is a well-established phenomenon in biological nutrient removal activated sludge systems. Study at a municipal wastewater treatment facility sought to determine nitrogen removal effectiveness within a full-scale sequential batch reactor (SBR) system utilizing SND in conjunction with traditional nitrogen removal. In addition to characterizing extent of SND, the research examined the ability of SND to meet state-based effluent water quality standards. At the selected facility, the average SND efficiency during a two-month sampling period was 52.8%, paralleling results from similar SBR municipal wastewater systems. The observed SBR system had removal efficiencies > 99% for the influent to effluent -N concentrations. The SND process also resulted in average NO3-NO2-N concentration that was 82% lower than the theoretical concentration under comparable circumstances. Overall, nitrogen removal for this SBR system was >99% which typified results in other SND systems, but at a higher Total Nitrogen removal rate.

关键词： Nitrification Denitrification Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) Sequential Batch Reactor Municipal wastewater

Traditional Nitrogen Removal Coupled with SND to Meet Advanced wwTP Standards at a Full Scale SBR wastewater Treatment Facility

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Journal of water Resource and Protection 2017年第10期9卷 1169-1183页

作者： Charlie L. martin jr. Clayton J. Clark II water/wastewater Department Graceville USA Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Florida A & M University Tallahassee Tallahassee USA

A Florida wastewater treatment facility studied how Simultaneous Nitrification Denitrification (SND) coupled with traditional nitrogen removal would be used to meet the state’s current advanced wastewater treatment nutrient criterion. This study examined the effect of these combined processes on the fate and transport of the nitrogen species during the treatment process. The effectiveness of nitrogen removal within the full scale sequential batch reactor system (SBR) and the extent of SND compared to nitrification and denitrification in the nitrogen removal process was also evaluated. Finally, the overall performance of the municipal wastewater treatment facility utilizing these combined processes was evaluated. Overall, this application reduced the total nitrogen to almost 6% of the permitted concentration of 3.0 mg/L. The combination of both processes also resulted in an actual ?concentration 93.7% lower than the acceptable theoretical ?concentration, which also resulted in effluent Total Inorganic Nitrogen nearly 80% lower than the permitted 3.0 mg/L effluent concentration. Further, the process produced a composite Total Nitrogen concentration that was 74% lower than the permitted concentration. This coupling of SND with traditional nitrogen removal resulted in a highly effective process to reduce nitrogen in the municipal wastewater effluent which is also attractive for potential implementation due to the low cost expenditure incurred in its utilization.

关键词： Nitrogen Simultaneous Nitrification Denitrification (SND) wastewater Treatment Full Scale Facility