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Insect transmission of plant viruses： Multilayered interactions optimize viral propagation

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Insect Science 2017年第6期24卷 929-946页

作者： Beatriz Dader Chrstiane Then Edwige Berthelot Marie Ducousso james C. K. Ng martin Drucker INRA UMR 385 BGPI (CIRAD-INRA-SupAgroM) Montpellier France Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology and Center for Disease Vector Research University of California Riverside USA

By serving as vectors of transmission, insects play a key role in the infection cycle of many plant viruses. Viruses use sophisticated transmission strategies to overcome the spatial barrier separating plants and the impediment imposed by the plant cell wall. Interactions among insect vectors, viruses, and host plants mediate transmission by integrating all organizational levels, from molecules to populations. Best-examined on the molecular scale are two basic transmission modes wherein virus-vector interactions have been well characterized. whereas association of virus particles with specific sites in the vector＇s mouthparts or in alimentary tract regions immediately posterior to them is required for noncirculative transmission, the cycle of particles through the vector body is necessary for circulative transmission. Virus transmission is also determined by interactions that are associated with changes in vector feeding behaviors and with alterations in plant host＇s morphology and/or metabolism that favor the attraction or deterrence of vectors. A recent concept in virus-host-vector interactions proposes that when vectors land on infected plants, vector elicitors and effectors ＂inform＂ the plants of the confluence of interacting entities and trigger signaling pathways and plant defenses. Simultaneously, the plant responses may also influence virus acquisition and inoculation by vectors. Over- all, a picture is emerging where transmission depends on multilayered virus-vector-host interactions that define the route of a virus through the vector, and on the manipulation of the host and the vector. These interactions guarantee virus propagation until one or more of the interactants undergo changes through evolution or are halted by environmental interventions.

关键词： arbovirus defense host plant insect vector interactions plant virus transmission

Ballistic tests on hot-rolled Ti-6Al-4V plates:Experiments and numerical approaches

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2023年第8期26卷 39-53页

作者： Alexander Janda Benjamin james Ralph Yael Demarty Marcel Sorger Stefan Ebenbauer Aude Prestl Ingo Siller martin Stockinger Helmut Clemens Department of Materials Science Montanuniversitat LeobenFranz Josef-Straße 188700 LeobenAustria Department Product Engineering Montanuniversitat LeobenFranz Josef-Straße 188700 LeobenAustria French-German Research Institute of Saint-Louis 5 Rue du General Cassagnou68300 Saint-LouisFrance voestalpine BOEHLER Bleche GmbH&Co KG Boehler-Gasse 18680MürzzuschlagAustria

Superior ballistic performance and the lightweight character of Ti alloys are considered as main reasons for their use in armour applications against a broad spectrum of ballistic threats,***,fragment or blast *** dynamic loading caused by typical penetrators is characterized by high strain rates,only specific test methods allow a closer investigation of the respective material *** the present study,quasi-static and dynamic compression tests as well as ballistic tests were conducted on a twophase a+βalloy Ti-6Al-4V(in m%)manufactured by ***-deformation heat treatments,influencing microstructure and mechanical properties were applied in order to compare three different microstructural configurations:as-rolled,mill-annealed and ***,on the one hand,ballistic tests were employed for the determination of the ballistic limit velocity v_(50),compression tests,on the other hand,delivered essential input parameters for the application of the Johnson-Cook constitutive model in a finite element simulation of the impact *** comparison of experimental results to simulation results was supplemented by means of microstructural characterization of tested samples with the focus set on the prevalently observed deformation and damage mechanisms,as for example adiabatic shearing.

关键词： Ti-6Al-4V Ballistic performance Split Hopkinson pressure bar FE simulation Adiabatic shear bands Intermetallic phase

Adverse Maternal Consequences Associated with Prolonged Acute-Onset Severe Systolic Hypertension during Pregnancy &Early Postpartum: Pitfalls in Practice &Lessons Learned

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2021年第5期11卷 626-635页

作者： james Nello martin Jr. james martin Tucker Obstetrics Gynecology & Maternal-Fetal Medicine The Winfred L. Wiser Hospital for Women & Infants The University of Mississippi Medical Center Jackson Mississippi USA Obstetrics & Gynecology The Winfred L. Wiser Hospital for Women & Infants The University of Mississippi Medical Center Jackson Mississippi USA

OBJECTIVE: To determine the types of major maternal-perinatal morbidity associated with prolonged, acute-onset severe systolic hypertension during pregnancy and postpartum. METHODS: A medicolegal database retaining only medical record data was created from all cases involving women with medical/hypertensive disorders of pregnancy evaluated by the first author between 1986-2015. Case files of women that experienced severe systolic hypertension (SSH) sustained for many hours to days were identified for study. RESULTS: Sixty six pregnant/postpartum women met study criteria. Stroke secondary to intracranial hemorrhage or thrombosis (65.2) and acute pulmonary edema (33%) were the leading causes of maternal morbidity and mortality, most often antepartum as a component of early-onset preeclampsia (≤34 weeks). Eclampsia, abruptio placenta and injury to heart, liver and/or kidneys were other frequent co-morbidities. Seven postpartum women developed sudden new-onset postpartum SSH and suffered a stroke 4 -

Heart and Lung Disorders Complicating Pregnancy and the Puerperium: Pitfalls in Practice &Lessons Learned

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2021年第4期11卷 338-354页

作者： james Nello martin Jr. james martin Tucker Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology University of Mississippi Medical Center Jackson Mississippi USA winfred L. wiser Hospital for women & Infants University of Mississippi Medical Center Jackson Mississippi USA

Objective: To review a case series of 12 women with unexpected heart and lung disorders that occurred during pregnancy and the puerperium, describing for teaching purposes the pitfalls in practice and the lessons learned from this experience. Materials & Methods: We reviewed case files of women with medical and/or hypertensive complications of pregnancy that were evaluated for medicolegal defense purposes by the first author between 1986-2015. Twelve women in these case files experienced unexpected cardiovascular and/or cardiopulmonary complications late in pregnancy or early in the puerperium. For each case, the pertinent medical record information was extracted. Important concepts as lessons learned are summarized and referenced for teaching purposes. Results: Five women had undetected preexisting heart disease which acutely deteriorated during the third trimester, four women developed postpartum heart failure related to pregnancy and delivery, and three women suffered an intrapartum cardiac arrest;none survived. Their case presentations illustrate the importance of obstetric health care professionals being alert to the signs/symptoms of developing cardiopulmonary disease late in pregnancy and following delivery so that timely evaluation and intervention can be accomplished to potentially avoid morbidity and mortality. Diagnostic categories include peripartum heart failure, high-risk chronic hypertension, s

关键词： Cardiopulmonary Cardiovascular Maternal Morbidity & Mortality Pregnancy & Postpartum Complications

Pregnant-Postpartum women with Severe Epigastric Pain and HELLP Syndrome: A Highly Dangerous Combination

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2021年第8期11卷 1081-1091页

作者： james Nello martin Jr. james martin Tucker Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology The Winfred L. Wiser Hospital for Women & Infants at the University of Mississippi Medical Center Jackson Mississippi USA

OBJECTIVE: HELLP syndrome is a severe preeclampsia spectrum disorder diagnosed when laboratory evidence of hemolysis, liver dysfunction and thrombocytopenia are present. The presence of epigastric pain with laboratory criteria for HELLP syndrome may indicate higher maternal-fetal risk. Thus we explored maternal outcomes in 42 pregnant/postpartum women that had HELLP syndrome by laboratory criteria in addition to sudden severe epigastric pain. METHODS: A database was constructed from the medical files of all patients with medical/hypertensive disorders evaluated by the first author from 1986-2015 for medicolegal purposes. All patient files of women who presented to their physicians with a diagnosis of presumptive HELLP syndrome were examined. RESULTS: Fifty-eight pregnant/postpartum women fulfilled study inclusion criteria;they presented to physicians for evaluation usually in non-tertiary care hospital settings. Clinical presentation and care including lab data and details of pregnancy outcome were evaluated. A correct diagnosis of HELLP syndrome was verified for 42 women (72.4%);others were determined to have AFLP-Acute Fatty Liver of Pregnancy (n

关键词： HELLP SYNDROME with or without Epigastric Pain Maternal Morbidity & Mortality LDH to AST Ratio

Impact of postoperative intravenous fluid administration on complications following elective hepato-pancreato-biliary surgery

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2018年第5期17卷 402-407页

作者： Daniel martin Panagis M.Lykoudis Gabriel Jones David Highton Alan Shaw Sarah james Qiang wei Giuseppe Fusai Division of Surgery&Interventional Science University College LondonGower StBloomsburyLondonWC1E 6BTUK Free Perioperative Research Group Royal Free HospitalPond stLondonNW3 2QGUK Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery&Liver Transplantation Royal Free HospitalPond stLondonNW3 2QGUK King’s College Hospital Denmark HillLondon SE5 9RSUK Neurocritical Care Unit the National Hospital for Neurology and NeurosurgeryQueen SquareLondonWC1N 3BGUK London School of Hygiene&Tropical Medicine Keppel StreetLondonWC1E 7HTUK Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery Department of SurgeryFirst Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of Medicine79 Qingchun RoadHangzhou 310003China

Background: The impact of perioperative intravenous fluid administration on surgical outcomes has been documented in literature, but not specifically studied in the context of hepato-pancreato-biliary(HPB) surgery. This study aimed to investigate the impact of postoperative intravenous fluid administration on intensive care unit(ICU), in this subgroup of patients. Methods: A single-center retrospective cohort of 241 HPB patients was assessed, focusing on intravenous fluid administration in ICU, during the first 24 h. Intravenous fluid variables were compared to hospital stay and postoperative complications. Data were assessed using Spearman's correlation test for bivariate correlations and logistic regression for multivariate analysis. Results: The median volume of intravenous fluid administered in the first 24 h postoperatively was 4380 mL, of which 2200 mL was crystalloid, 1500 mL colloid and 680 mL "other" fluid. Patients with one or more complications had a higher median total intravenous fluid input(4790 vs. 4300 mL), higher colloid volume(20 0 0 vs. 150 0 mL), lower urine output(1595 vs. 1900 mL) and greater overall fluid balance( + 3040 vs. + 2553 mL) than those without complications. There were correlations between total intravenous fluid volume administered( r = 0.278, P was constructed to predict the occurrence of one or more complications; total intravenous fluid volume and overall fluid balance were both independent significant predictors(OR = 2.463, P = 0.007; OR = 1.001, P = 0.011; respectively). Conclusions: Administration of high volumes of intravenous fluids in the first 24 hours post-HPB surgery, along with higher positive fluid balance is associated with a higher rate of complications and longer hospital stay. Moreover, lower urine output is associated

关键词： Intravenous fluids Hepato-pancreato-biliary surgery Postoperative outcome

The Meaning of the 21^st Century

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中国翻译 2008年第2期29卷 85-86页

作者： james martin

在21世纪开始之际,人类意识到自己正走上了一条走不下去的路。除非改变方向,否则这条路会将人类引向巨大的灾难。可是同时,我们也正释放出种种新的巨大潜能,而借助这些潜能,人类能迎来各种更令人激动的生活和更光辉的文明。这可能是人... 详细信息

在21世纪开始之际,人类意识到自己正走上了一条走不下去的路。除非改变方向,否则这条路会将人类引向巨大的灾难。可是同时,我们也正释放出种种新的巨大潜能,而借助这些潜能,人类能迎来各种更令人激动的生活和更光辉的文明。这可能是人类的最后一个世纪,但也可能是人类拨正航程,朝光辉灿烂未来驶去的一个世纪。

关键词：英语汉语英译汉参考译文

The mTORC1 complex in pre-osteoblasts regulates whole-body energy metabolism independently of osteocalcin

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Bone Research 2021年第1期9卷 109-125页

作者： Pawanrat Tangseefa Sally K.martin Peck Yin Chin james Breen Chui Yan Mah Paul A.Baldock Gary A.wittert Amanda J.Page Christopher G.Proud Stephen Fitter Andrew C.w.Zannettino Adelaide Medical School Faculty of Health and Medical ScienceUniversity of AdelaideAdelaide5005 SAAustralia Cancer Program Precision Medicine ThemeSouth Australian Health and Medical Research InstituteAdelaide5000 SAAustralia Research Centre for Reproductive Health School of Paediatrics and Reproductive HealthUniversity of AdelaideAdelaide5005 SAAustralia Computational&Systems Biology program Precision Medicine ThemeSouth Australian Health and Medical Research InstituteAdelaide5000 SAAustralia Robinson Research Institute University of AdelaideAdelaideSA 5005Australia Bioinformatics Hub University of AdelaideAdelaideSA 5005Australia Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men’s Health University of AdelaideAdelaide5005 SAAustralia Skeletal Metabolism Group Garvan Institute of Medical ResearchSydney2010 NSWAustralia Nutrition Diabetes&Metabolism ProgramLifelong Health ThemeSouth Australian Health and Medical Research InstituteAdelaide5000 SAAustralia School of Biological Sciences University of AdelaideAdelaide5005 SAAustralia Central Adelaide Local Health Network AdelaideSAAustralia

Overnutrition causes hyperactivation of mTORC1-dependent negative feedback loops leading to the downregulation of insulin signaling and development of insulin *** osteoblasts(OBs),insulin signaling plays a crucial role in the control of systemic glucose *** utilized mice with conditional deletion of Rptor to investigate how the loss of mTORC1 function in OB affects glucose metabolism under normal and overnutrition dietary *** to the controls,chow-fed Rptorob−/−mice had substantially less fat mass and exhibited adipocyte ***,upon feeding with high-fat diet,mice with pre-and post-natal deletion of Rptor in OBs were protected from diet-induced obesity and exhibited improved glucose metabolism with lower fasting glucose and insulin levels,increased glucose tolerance and insulin *** leanness and resistance to weight gain was not attributable to changes in food intake,physical activity or lipid absorption but instead was due to increased energy expenditure and greater whole-body substrate ***-seq revealed an increase in glycolysis and skeletal insulin signaling pathways,which correlated with the potentiation of insulin signaling and increased insulin-dependent glucose uptake in Rptorknockout ***,these findings point to a critical role for the mTORC1 complex in the skeletal regulation of wholebody glucose metabolism and the skeletal development of insulin resistance.

关键词： metabolism mTORC1 homeostasis

The role of latanoprost in an inflammatory bowel disease flare

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Gastroenterology Report 2014年第3期2卷 232-234页

作者： Sonali Paul martin wand Geoffrey T.Emerick james M.Richter Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Tufts Medical CenterBostonMAUSA Department of Ophthalmology University of Connecticut School of Medicine and Consulting OphthalmologistsFarmingtonCTUSA Department of Gastroenterology Massachusetts General HospitalBostonMAUSA

Ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease(CD)are characterized by inflammation of the intestinal mucosa and symptoms of abdominal pain and *** studies have shown an association between elevated levels of prostaglandins and mucosal damage in inflammatory bowel *** report a 50-year-old woman with a history of CD and open-angle *** glaucoma was treated with latanoprost,a prostaglandin analog,which was associated with an exacerbation of her *** discontinuation of latanoprost,her CD symptoms disappeared *** case suggests that in a patient with CD,topical administration of latanoprost may result in sufficient systemic absorption and circulation to promote a relapse of *** finding has important implications,not only for patients with inflammatory bowel disease and glaucoma,but also for both ophthalmologists and gastroenterologists.

关键词： lantanoprost Crohn’s disease prostaglandin glaucoma