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An Integrated Approach to Crop Genetic Improvement

Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2012年第4期54卷 250-259页

作者： martin A.J.parry Malcolm J.Hawkesford Rothamsted Research Plant Science Department

The balance between the supply and demand of the major food crops is fragile, fueling concerns for long-term global food security. The rising population, increasing wealth and a proliferation of non- food uses （e.g. bioenergy） has led to growing demands on agricul- ture, while increased production is limited by greater urbanization, and the degradation of land. Furthermore, global climate change with increasing temperatures and lower, more erratic rainfall is projected to decrease agricultural yields. There is a predicted need to increase food production by at least 70% by 2050 and there- fore an urgent need to develop novel and integrated approaches, incorporating high-throughput phenotyping that will both increaseproduction per unit area and simultaneously improve the resource use efficiency of crops. Yield potential, yield stability, nutrient and water use are all complex multigenic traits and while there is genetic variability, their complexity makes such traits difficult to breed for directly. Nevertheless molecular plant breeding has the potential to deliver substantial improvements, once the component traits and the genes underlying these traits have been identified. In addition, interactions between the individual traits must also be taken into account, a demand that is difficult to fulfill with traditional screening approaches. Identified traits will be incorporated into new cultivars using conventional or biotechnological tools. In order to better understand the relationship between genotype, component traits, and environment over time, a multidisciplinary approach must be adopted to both understand the underlying processes and identify candidate genes, QTLs and traits that can be used to develop improved crops.

关键词： Germpiasm variation nitrogen TILLING transformation trait water wheat yield.

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Bioenergy Plants: Hopes,Concerns and Prospectives

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2011年第2期53卷 94-95页

作者： martin A.J. parry Hai-Chun Jing Organizing Special Issue EditorRothamsted ResearchHarpenden Herts UK Organizing Special Issue EditorInstitute of BotanyChinese academy of SciencesBeijing China

There are major concerns over both the security of energy supplies （declining supplies and political control） and the en- vironmental costs associated with energy generation and use. The global consumption of carbon-containing fossil fuels for heat, electricity, transport and the manufacture of chemicals is not sustainable. This has promulgated a great interest in various forms of renewable energy and the imposition,

关键词： Bioenergy Plants Hopes,Concerns and Prospectives

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Phenotyping and other breeding approaches for a New Green Revolution

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2014年第5期56卷 422-424页

作者： Jose Luis Araus Jiansheng Li martin A.J.parry Jiankang Wang University of Barcelona Barcelona National Maize Improvement Center Chinese Agricultural University Rothamsted Research Harpenden Herts Institute of Crop Science The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing

Food security is a global concern in view of the ongoing global （social and climate） change. The challenges to food securityfrom global change, sharply increasing food and feed demands, whereas increasing the frequency and severity of stresses,coupled with degradation and scarcity of natural resources, are indeed urgent and real （Prasanna et al. 2013）. Crop productionmust double by 2050 to meet future production demands （Tilman et al. 2011）. The ability to achieve this increaserepresents a significant challenge to plant breeders. Crop yields must increase at a rate of 2.47o per year, yet the averagerate of increase is only 1.3% with yields stagnating in up to 40% of land under cereal production （Ray et al. 2012, 2013）. Therefore,crops with higher yield potential and more resistant to abiotic stress conditions are needed to address such challenges.

关键词： PLANT breeding PHENOTYPE GREEN Revolution FOOD security CEREAL products

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New Technologies,Tools and Approaches for Improving Crop Breeding

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2012年第4期54卷 210-214页

作者： parry, martin A. J. Wang, Jiankang Luis Araus, Jose Rothamsted Res Harpenden Herts England Chinese Acad Agr Sci Beijing 100193 Peoples R China Univ Barcelona Barcelona Spain

Most crops were first domesticated about 13 000 to 11 000 years ago. Humans are dependent on crops for survival, and from the beginnings of agriculture have been energetically involved in developing crops that better serve their needs （Allard 1999）. During the last decades breeding has contributed approximately a 50% contribution to increasing the world＇s food crop production. However, plant breeding only began to adopt a scientific approach in the 1900s, when Mendel＇s hybridization experiment was rediscovered. Mendelian genetics and the development of the statistical concepts of randomJzatJon and replication had considerable impact on plant breeding methods （Hallauer et al. 1988）. In spite of the fact that scientific crop breeding has only existed for one century, it is a discipline that is developing very quickly. The major objective of crop breeding programs is to develop new genotypes that are genetically superior to those currently available for specific environments. To achieve this objective, breeders employ a range of selection methods and technologies （Hallauer et al. 1988; Falconer and Mackay 1996; Allard 1999）.

关键词： New Technologies Tools Approaches Improving Crop Breeding

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气候变化2007影响、适应和脆弱性

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国外科技新书评介 2008年第8期 17-18页

作者： martin parry（编）丁一汇不详中国气象局国家气候中心

2007年4月6日，政府间气候变化专门委员会（IPCC）第二工作组公布了第四次评估报告《气候变化2007：影响、适应和脆弱性》，给出了对气候变化影响的新认识，肯定了气候变化影响、适应与脆弱性问题的复杂性。报告指出，继续升温3—4℃（... 详细信息

2007年4月6日，政府间气候变化专门委员会（IPCC）第二工作组公布了第四次评估报告《气候变化2007：影响、适应和脆弱性》，给出了对气候变化影响的新认识，肯定了气候变化影响、适应与脆弱性问题的复杂性。报告指出，继续升温3—4℃（相当于温室气体浓度为550—650ppm）后，不利影响将更为严重。

关键词：政府间气候变化专门委员会弱性气候变化影响温室气体浓度评估报告复杂性

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Integrated Approaches to Wheat Improvement in Drought-Stressed Environments

Integrated Approaches to Wheat Improvement in Drought-Stress...

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2009整合植物生物学研讨会

作者： martin parry Huw Jones Pippa Madgwick Dimah Habash Marcela Baudo Richard Whalley Roberto Tuberosa Jordi Bort Walid Hamada Gustavo Slafer Adnan AI-Yassin Hassan Ouabbou M Labihili M Natchit Andy Phillips Rothamsted Research University of Bologna University of Barcelona

Water is essential to sustaining human and environmental health but is becoming scarce in many *** availability of water is a major determinant of world-wide crop yield. Wheat is the most widely grown crop both in the...

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Building the new international science of the agriculture-food-water-environment Nexus in China and the world

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Ecosystem Health and Sustainability 2016年第11期2卷 2-8页

作者： Xinguang Zhu martin parry Yonglong Lu Matthew Heard Guangguo Ying Simon Vaughan Jianbo Shen Alan Jenkins Yunpeng Wang Silvia Lacorte Tingping Ouyang Francisco Pedrero Salcedo Jun Niu John Quinton Chunling Luo Fusuo Zhang Gan Zhang William Davies Kevin Jones David Tyfield CAS Key laboratory for Computational Biology CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina Lancaster Environment Centre Lancaster UniversityLancasterUK Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina Centre for Ecology and Hydrology WallingfordUK Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina Rothamsted Research HarpendenUK China Agricultural University BeijingChina Centre for Ecology and Hydrology LancasterUK Consuejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas BarcelonaSpain International Research and Innovation Centre for the Environment(I-RICE) GuangzhouChina

The multiple,complex and systemic problems of the agriculture-food-water-environment nexus(“Nexus”)are among the most significant challenges of the 21st *** is a key site for Nexus research amidst profound socio-environmental *** policy implications of these problems have been authoritatively summarized *** study presents discussions at an international workshop in Guangzhou that asked instead“What science is needed to deliver the growing policy commitments regarding these challenges?And,What changes are needed to the science itself?”Understanding and effective intervention regarding the Nexus calls for a paradigm shift:to a new kind of science of(capacity for)international,interdisciplinary,and impactful research working with and within complex socio-natural *** here argue that science must become proactive in approach,striving only for“minimal harm”not“silver bullet”solutions,and adopting an explicitly long-term strategic ***,these arguments lead to calls for reorienting science and science policy in three ways:from short-term remediation to longer-term optimization;from a focus on environmental threats to one on the opportunities for international collaborative learning;and toward supporting new forms of scientific *** bring these points together by recommending a new form of scientific institution:a global network of collaborative Nexus Centres,under the umbrella of a global Food Nexus Organization akin to those of the human genome and proteome.

关键词： agriculture-food-water-environment Nexus China complex systems food security international col-laboration new science.

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Progress in TILLING as a tool for functional genomics and improvement of crops

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2014年第5期56卷 425-443页

作者： Liang Chen Liugen Hao martin A. J. parry Andrew L. Phillips Yin-Gang Hu State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas and College of Agronomy Northwest A&F University Department of Plant Biology and Crop Science Rothamsted Research Institute of Water Saving Agriculture in Arid Regions of China Northwest A&F University

Food security is a global concern and substantial yield increases in crops are required to feed the growing world population. Mutagenesis is an important tool in crop improvement and is free of the regulatory restrictions imposed on genetically modified organisms. Targeting Induced Local Lesions in Genomes（TILLING）, which combines traditional chemical mutagenesis with high‐throughput genome‐wide screening for point mutations in desired genes, offers a powerful way to create novel mutant alleles for both functional genomics and improvement of crops. TILLING is generally applicable to genomes whether small or large, diploid or evenallohexaploid, and shows great potential to address the major challenge of linking sequence information to the function of genes and to modulate key traits for plant breeding. TILLING has been successfully applied in many crop species and recent progress in TILLING is summarized below, especially on the developments in mutation detection technology, application of TILLING in gene functional studies and crop breeding. The potential of TILLING/EcoTILLING for functional genetics and crop improvement is also discussed. Furthermore, a small‐scale forward strategy including backcross and selfing was conducted to release the potential mutant phenotypes masked in M2（or M3） plants.

关键词： Crop breeding functional genomics mutation detection TILLING

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DiDA

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2007年

作者： martin Barrall & Dave parry.

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DiDA— Unit 1

DiDA— Unit 1

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2006年

作者： martin Barrall & Dave parry.

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