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Typology and Agroecology of Agroecosystems in Vegetation Dynamics in the Ecotones of the Mbam and Inoubou

Open Journal of Forestry 2024年第1期14卷 42-66页

作者： Alex Bruno Dong Etchike Lucie Félicité Temgoua Bertine Tiokeng Marie Caroline Momo Solefack martin Benoit Ngassoum Pierre Marie Mapongmetsem Laboratory of Applied Botany Faculty of Sciences of the University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon Department of Forestry Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon National School of Agro-Industrial Sciences of the University of Ngaoundéré Ngaoundéré Cameroon Laboratory of Biodiversity and Sustainable Development of the University of Ngaoundéré Ngaoundéré Cameroon

Agroforestry systems strongly characterize the Cameroonian agrarian landscape. Agroforests are among those structuring the ecotones of Mbam and Inoubou in the Central Cameroon region. Numerous works on agroecosystems of Central and South Cameroon, few have come out contribution of the structure of these traditional systems in the dynamics of the vegetation of these forest-savannah ecotones. The present contribution has the overall objective of demonstrating the structural efficiency of agroforests the dynamics of ecotone vegetation, but also in the conservation of biodiversity. To do this, a participatory analysis was carried out with 56 farmers distributed in the five villages of Makénéné. Botanical inventories supplemented socio-economic household surveys. The data collected was subjected to various analyzes (univariate test, analysis of variance, multivariate test, PCA, CAH). The results reveal that 55.2% of agroforests are less than 15 years old and those with an area greater than 1500 m2 predominate (33%). They are mainly young with generally small surface areas. The horizontal structure reveals that the largest diameter classes are those of [20 - 30 cm[ and [10 - 20 cm[ with a very low rate of basal area. Agroforests with trees over 10 m high are dominant in five villages of Makénéné. Two types of structural profiles characterize the agroforestry flora of the area, namely intensive pluristratified home gardens on savannah and intensive pluristratified agroforests under forest-savannah transition vegetation. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Ascending Hierarchical Clustering (HAC) show three Agroforest Clusters each. The PCA distribution reveals that woody biomass (Y) is strongly correlated with tree diameter (DBH) and significantly with height (Cluster 2). The age (AAG) (Cluster 1) of these agroforests, on the other hand, remains independent of the density (DST) of these trees (Cluster 3). The agroforests in the Nyokon, Carrière and Mocksud vil

关键词： Agroforests Agroecosystem Center Cameroon Dynamics Agroecology Typology

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Cosmetic or Dietary Vegetable Oils Sampled in the Cameroonian Market May Not Expose Consumers to Lipid Oxidation Products Generating Oxidative Stress and Inflammation

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2024年第3期15卷 193-202页

作者： Ferdinand Kouoh Elombo Erika Van Damme Clara Delepine David Depraetere Ludovic Chaveriat Paul Lunga Keilah Nico Fréderic Njayou Patrick martin Laboratory of Toxicology and Pharmacology Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Sciences University of Yaound&#233 I Yaound&#233 Cameroon Dé partement de Chimie IUT B&#233thune Universit&#233 d&#8217Artois B&#233thune France Unité Transformations & Agroressources (ULR7519) Universit&#232 d&#8217Artois-UniLaSalle Bethune France

Vegetable oils are a source of energy, essential fatty acids, antioxidants and fat-soluble vitamins useful for human health care and development. These oils also contribute to organoleptic quality of their products’ derivatives. However, their chemical and physical properties can be modified by the mode of their extraction, storage and distribution. These modifications might negatively affect the nutritional quality of the oils. The goals of this study were to: sample different vegetable oils for cosmetic or dietary use marketed in Cameroon, and verify purity and oxidation states of each kind of oil through determination of its acidity, iodine, peroxide, saponification, refractive indexes and the conformity of the labeling. The carotene content, the level of polar components and specific absorbance were also determined. As the result, six oils namely palm, palm kernel, coconut, black cumin, peanut and shea butter were collected. Apart from labeling, chemicals and physicals parameters analyzed were generally in accordance with the Cameroonian and Codex Alimentarius standard. This study suggests that vegetable oils sampled in the Cameroonian market may not expose consumers to lipid oxidation products generating pathological oxidative stress and inflammation. However, efforts in application of existing standard need to be done as far as labeling are concerned.

关键词： Vegetable Oils Quality Control Labeling Compliance Lipid Oxidation Oxidative Pathology

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Extraction, Production and Quality Evaluation of Margarine from Oil Extracted from Waste Biomass Peels of Avocado and Virgin Coconut Oil, Using Chitosan from Reared Shells as Preservative

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Journal of Agricultural Chemistry and Environment 2024年第1期13卷 142-168页

作者： Suh-Ndale Svetlana Miyanui Pride Ndasi Ngwasiri Wiyeh Claudette Bakisu Muala Noumo Thierry Ngangmou Wilson Agwanande Ambindei martin Benoit Ngassoum Department of Nutrition Food and Bioresource Technology College of Technology University of Bamenda Bamenda Cameroon Department of Process Engineering ENSAI University of Ngaoundere Ngaoundere Cameroon Department of Applied Chemistry ENSAI University of Ngaoundere Ngaoundere Cameroon

The production and consumption of avocado pears generates tons of wastes, mainly the pear peels which are usually discarded, although they have been reported to contain important phyto-chemicals with biological activities. The adverse health effect associated with the consumption of saturated lipid based foods has ignited research on reformulation of lipid based foods to eliminate Trans Fatty Acids (TFAs). This study was thus aimed at the extraction and characterization of oil from Avocado Peels (APO) and evaluation of the quality of margarine produced from it. Five verities of pear were used for oil extraction by soxhlet method and physiochemical, oxidative, functional and antioxidant characterization was done. Margarines were formulated using a central composite design using oil blends of APO and Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) with an oil ratio of 10:90, 40:60, 70:30 respectively, varied blending speed, blending time, and chitosan concentration. Samples were characterized and the effect of process parameters on the physiochemical and functional properties of the margarine studied. Optimized conditions were used to produce samples for sensory evaluation. Color, spreadability, aroma, taste and general acceptability was evaluated using ranking difference test. The results showed that the yield, density, and iodine values of APOs oils ranged from 14.91 ± 0.18 to 11.76 ± 0.46;0.93 ± 0.001 to 0.99 ± 0.1;46.63 ± 1.70 to 52.4 ± 0.63, their acid values, TBA and PV values ranged from 1.42 ± 0.39 to 1.97 ± 0.5;0.11 ± 0.002 to 0.18 ± 0.04;and 2.72 ± 0.14 to 4.43 ± 0.36 respectively, with Brogdon avocado peel variety having the overall best properties prepared blends of trans-free APO margarines showed that increase in APO ratio decreased melting point, increased oxidative stability and reduced moisture content of margarine samples. Chitosan addition leads to decrease moisture content and increase functional properties. VCO lead to increase in phenolic and flavonoid content of the m

关键词： Food Waste Avocado Peels Extraction Oil Biological Activity Margarine Chitosan

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在庙堂与江湖之间——苏轼和王守仁的仕途与文思

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孔学堂 2024年第1期11卷 59-69,168-177页

作者：徐圻 Liu Huawen(译) Jordan B.martin(校) 国际儒学联合会贵州省哲学学会贵州贵阳550525 孔学堂学术委员会 the Foreign Languages School at Shanghai Jiao Tong University Yuelu Academy at Hunan University

苏轼(苏东坡)和王守仁(王阳明),这是两个在中华文化史上具有顶级影响力的名字。他们各自所处的时代相差400余年,不可同日而语;他们一个是北宋文学家、思想家、政治家,一个是明代哲学家、政治家、军事家;他们的生活道路、政治生涯、文化... 详细信息

苏轼(苏东坡)和王守仁(王阳明),这是两个在中华文化史上具有顶级影响力的名字。他们各自所处的时代相差400余年,不可同日而语;他们一个是北宋文学家、思想家、政治家,一个是明代哲学家、政治家、军事家;他们的生活道路、政治生涯、文化贡献、历史影响都很不相同。但苏轼和王守仁,有许多相似或相近之处,比如他们的社会背景、政治抱负、人生遭遇、思想倾向、文化情怀等等。比较苏轼和王守仁的相同与不同,对于认识、反思中国古代的政治生态和文化走向是有启示意义的。

关键词：苏轼和王守仁政治境遇文学高峰哲学宗师历史回声

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有关柔印墨杠的十个事实

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印刷杂志 2024年第4期 29-31页

作者： martin Dreher 李玉山(译) 不详恩熙思印刷科技(上海)有限公司

柔印涉及的众多滚筒表面,特别是印版滚筒和压印滚筒表面很重要,这是一个机械工程问题。然而,正如DFTA技术中心最近评估发现的那样,很多业内人士忽略了这点。事实上,每个柔印机长都应该熟悉这点。

关键词：柔印墨杠同步走纸印版测控条

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住院患者认知障碍识别和信息管理的整合性综述

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International Journal of Nursing Sciences 2024年第1期11卷 120-132页

作者：熊蓓蓓 Daniel X.Bailey Paul Prudon Elaine M.Pascoe Leonard C.Gray Frederick Graham Amanda Henderson Melinda martin-Khan Centre for Health Services Research Faculty of MedicineThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia Centre for Clinical Research Faculty of MedicineThe University of QueenslandRoyal Brisbane&Women’s HospitalBrisbaneAustralia Dementia and Delirium Division of MedicinePrincess Alexandra HospitalBrisbaneAustralia School of Nursing Faculty of HealthQueensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneAustralia Nursing Practice Development Unit Princess Alexandra HospitalBrisbaneAustralia School of Nursing Midwifery and Social SciencesCentral Queensland UniversityBrisbaneAustralia Griffith Health Griffith UniversityBrisbaneAustralia School of Nursing Midwifery and ParamedicineThe University of the Sunshine CoastBrisbaneAustralia Department of Health and Life Sciences University of ExeterExeterUnited Kingdom School of Nursing University of Northern British ColumbiaPrince GeorgeCanada

目的旨在对目前提供急性照护的医院识别认知障碍患者以及在病历中记录和管理认知相关信息的实际情况及政策要求和推荐方法进行综述。方法采用Whittemore和Knaf1的五步法,系统检索Medline,CINAHL和Scopus数据库,并检索了灰色文献来源。... 详细信息

目的旨在对目前提供急性照护的医院识别认知障碍患者以及在病历中记录和管理认知相关信息的实际情况及政策要求和推荐方法进行综述。方法采用Whittemore和Knaf1的五步法,系统检索Medline,CINAHL和Scopus数据库,并检索了灰色文献来源。纳人了提供急性照护的医院已实施的患者认知障碍识别和认知信息管理相关的文献。采用混合方法评价工具和灰色文献质量评估清单对文章质量进行评价。采用主题分析法呈现和整合结果。该综述已在PROSPERO预注册(CRD42022343577)。结果共22篇原始研究文献和10篇政府/行业文件被纳人分析。结果显示,实践和政策之间存在差距。尽管在政策层面上高度重视认知障碍的识别、认知相关信息的透明度,以及与患者、家属和照顾者(如适用)之间的互动,但有时在临床实践中,认知评估是非正式的,患者的认知相关信息未作记录,与患者、家属和照顾者的互动也存在不足。结论.通过整合认知评估,利用信息技术开发信息管理综合系统,建立相关法律法规,提供教育与和培训,并采用国家层面的策略,有可能显著改善对认知障碍患者的识别和护理。

关键词：急性照护认知功能障碍数据透明度谵妄痴呆健康信息管理与患者互动.

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Integration of traditional,complementary,and alternative medicine with modern biomedicine:the scientization,evidence,and challenges for integration of traditional Chinese medicine

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Acupuncture and Herbal Medicine 2024年第1期4卷 68-78页

作者： Zihao Zhang Raorao Li Yu Chen Hui Yang martin Fitzgerald Qiaochu Wang Ziwen Xu Nanxi Huang Dajun Lu Lu Luo Georgetown University Medical Center Washington DCUSA Institute of Chinese Materia Medica China Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesBeijingChina Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion China Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesBeijingChina The First Clinical Medical College Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese MedicineGuiyangChina Ashdale Clinic Half Moon LaneSouth Douglas RoadCorkIreland

Traditional medicine has garnered significant global recognition,with an estimated 80%of the global population using ***,it is essential to fully understand the integration of traditional medicines into current healthcare *** review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the standard process to modernize traditional medicine scientifically in the context of modern biomedicine,further termed here as“scientization”.Specifically,we aim to summarize the advancements made in understanding the efficacy,effectiveness,and underlying mechanisms of herbal *** also examined the transition from experience-to evidence-based medicine during ***,we explore the development of universal safety and quality control ***,we discuss international trade and export markets for Chinese medical *** development and integration of traditional medicine have allowed it to further improve human health,resulting in a more comprehensive health solution for the global population.

关键词： Acupuncture Conventional medicine Herbal medicine Modernization Scientization Traditional Chinese medicine

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Patients’Knowledge, Attitude and Practices on Disposal Methods of Expired and Unused Medicines: Implication for Creation of Drug Take-Back Program

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Pharmacology & Pharmacy 2024年第4期15卷 113-128页

作者： martin Kampamba Zebedy Kalambwa Billy Chabalenge Janipher Zulu Steward Mudenda Tadious Chimombe Webrod Mufwambi Audrey Hamachila Mashebe Innocent Ngula Christabel Nang’andu Hikaambo Department of Pharmacy School of Health Sciences University of Zambia Lusaka Zambia Department of Medicines Control Zambia Medicines Regulatory Authority Lusaka Zambia Department of Pharmacy School of Health Sciences Levy Mwanawasa Medical University Lusaka Zambia

Background: Handling of medicines is a day-to-day activity by patients and many health care providers. However, multiple studies have brought to light inappropriate disposal methods for expired and unused medication (EUM). Improper disposal of expired and unused medicines is hazardous both to humans and the environment. Objective: This sought to measure patients’ knowledge, attitude, and practices on disposal methods of EUM. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out among 384 patients at three outpatient pharmacies at the University Teaching Hospitals (UTHs). The structured questionnaire was used to collect data and STAT version 15.1 was used to analyse the data. Results: 384 respondents participated in this study and, at some point, had EUM. In this study, 356 (92.7%) of the participants reported that they had never heard of a drug take-back system. Most of the participants 285 (74.2%) and 239 (62.2%) kept and donated their unused medicine, respectively. Additionally, 244 (63.5%), 212 (55.2%), and 176 (44.8%) of the participants disposed of expired medicines in the bin or garbage, flushed them in toilets or sinks, or burned them, respectively. Occupation was significantly associated with unsafe disposal of unused medicine [P-value = 0.019]. Conclusion and Relevance: Knowledge of safe disposal methods for EUM was good amongst most participants. However, used unsafe disposal methods. The majority of the participants exhibited positive attitude concerning safe disposal methods. This study highlights the need for drug-take-back program creation in Zambia.

关键词： Attitude Disposal Methods Expired Medicines Knowledge Practices Unused Medicines

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穿越味蕾汉堡Le big TamTam美食市场

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室内设计与装修 2024年第10期 8-13页

作者： coco(译) Nicolo Lanfranchi(摄影) martin Kunze Hamburg(摄影) 无不详 studio aisslinger

近日,德国著名的建筑和设计工作室aisslinger完成了汉堡新旗舰美食市场Le big Tam Tam的室内设计。在4年的时间里,aisslinger工作室与汉堡Tellerrand咨询有限公司合作,为汉堡第一家列入遗产名录的购物中心Hanseviertel at Groβe Bleic... 详细信息

近日,德国著名的建筑和设计工作室aisslinger完成了汉堡新旗舰美食市场Le big Tam Tam的室内设计。在4年的时间里,aisslinger工作室与汉堡Tellerrand咨询有限公司合作,为汉堡第一家列入遗产名录的购物中心Hanseviertel at Groβe Bleichen开发了这个完美的美食世界。

关键词：设计工作室购物中心室内设计汉堡新旗舰

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Roles of Community Pharmacists in Screening and Disseminating of Information about Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs Risks: Implications for Drug Safety Assessment

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Pharmacology & Pharmacy 2024年第4期15卷 129-145页

作者： martin Kampamba Progress Mulenga Steward Mudenda Billy Chabalenge Jenipher Zulu Tadius Chimombe Webrod Mufwambi Mashebe Innocent Ngula Audrey Hamachila Jimmy Hangoma Christabel Nang’andu Hikaambo Department of Pharmacy School of Health Sciences University of Zambia Lusaka Zambia Department of Medicines Control Zambia Medicines Regulatory Authority Lusaka Zambia Department of Pharmacy School of Health Sciences Levy Mwanawasa Medical University Lusaka Zambia

Background: The increasing use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) both on prescription and over the counter raises a major global health concern because of the risks associated with their use if no proper guidance is given by the health care provider. This study assessed the roles of community pharmacists in screening and disseminating information about the risks associated with NSAID use in Zambia. Methodology: This was a national cross-sectional study in which a structured self-administered questionnaire was administered to 245 registered community pharmacists in Zambia. Stata/BE, version 15.1 (Stata Corporation, College Station, Texas, USA) and multivariate logistic regression model was used to determine factors associated with information dissemination about ADRs of NS-NSAIDs. Results: 231 of the 245 distributed questionnaires were returned giving a response rate of 94.3%. All (100%) participating community pharmacists claimed to have practiced dispensing NSAIDs. However, only 26 (11.0%) and 71 (30.8%) regularly screened for risk factor of selective COX-2 NSAIDS (SC2-NSAIDS) and non-selective NSAIDS (NS-NSAIDs) respectively. Information dissemination on adverse drug reactions (ADRs) of SC2-NSAIDS was regularly provided by only 22 (9.5%) of pharmacists while that of NS-NSAIDs was regularly provided by 49 (21.2%). In the multivariate logistic regression model, being the owner of a pharmacy (AOR: 5.4, CI: 1.84 - 16.4) was significantly associated with information dissemination about ADRs of NS-NSAIDs while an hour increase in the working hours per day (AOR: 0.9, CI: 0.64 - 0.95) was associated with less likelihood of information dissemination. Conclusion: Pharmacists working in community pharmacies in Zambia did not regularly screen and disseminate information about the risks associated with NSAID use. Therefore, pharmacists should be able to screen and monitor patients at risk and be aware of the majority of risk factors while dispensing NSAIDs to m

关键词： Community Pharmacists Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug Risk Screening

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