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诉讼案件频发巴西航司有苦难言

商业周刊（中文版） 2024年第4期 15-15页

作者： martha Viotti Beck Beatriz Reis 杜然(译) 不详

●严厉的消费者法律催生了数以干计的诉讼,愤怒的乘客可能会获得高达3000美元的赔偿在大多数国家,航班延误和行李丢失是航空旅行的不幸现实。在巴西,它们却有可能带来一笔意外收人。贝尔纳迪一施纳普律师事务所(Bernardi & Schnapp)的... 详细信息

●严厉的消费者法律催生了数以干计的诉讼,愤怒的乘客可能会获得高达3000美元的赔偿在大多数国家,航班延误和行李丢失是航空旅行的不幸现实。在巴西,它们却有可能带来一笔意外收人。贝尔纳迪一施纳普律师事务所(Bernardi & Schnapp)的航空法专家、国际航空运输协会(IATA)在巴西的法律顾问里卡多·贝尔纳迪(Ricardo Bernardi)表示,在这里,不满意的乘客可以轻易将航空公司告上法庭,并有望赢得8000~1.5万雷亚尔(相当于1600~3000美元)的赔偿。

关键词：律师事务所航空法航空旅行贝尔纳法律顾问航班延误诉讼案件里卡多

Effect of phenolation, Lignin-Type and Degree of Substitution on the properties of Lignin-Modified phenol-Formaldehyde Impregnation Resins: Molecular Weight Distribution, Wetting Behavior, Rheological properties and Thermal Curing profiles

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Journal of Renewable Materials 2020年第6期8卷 603-630页

作者： Marion Thébault Larysa Kutuzova Sandra Jury Iris Eicher Edith-martha Zikulnig-Rusch Andreas Kandelbauer Kompetenzzentrum Holz(Wood K plus) LinzA-4040Austria Reutlingen University Lehr-und Forschungszentrum Process Analysis&TechnologySchool of Applied ChemistryReutlingenD-72762Germany

Here,the effects of substituting portions of fossil-based phenol in phenol formaldehyde resin by renewable lignin from two different sources are investigated using a factorial screening experimental *** the resins consumed by the wood-based industry,phenolics are one of the most important types used for impregnation,coating or gluing *** are prepared by condensing phenol with formaldehyde(pF).One major use of pF is as matrix polymer for decorative laminates in exterior cladding and wet-room *** requirements for such pFs are favorable flow properties(low viscosity),rapid curing behavior(high reactivity)and sufficient self-adhesion capacity(high residual curing potential).partially substituting phenol in pF with bio-based phenolic co-reagents like lignin modifies the physicochemical properties of the resulting *** this study,phenol-formaldehyde formulations were synthesized where either 30%or 50%(in weight)of the phenol monomer were substituted by either sodium lignosulfonate or Kraft *** effect of modifying the lignin material by phenolation before incorporation into the resin synthesis was also *** resins so obtained were characterized by Fourier Transform Infra-Red(FTIR)spectroscopy,Size Exclusion Chromatography(SEC),Differential Scanning Calorimetry(DSC),rheology,and measurements of contact angle and surface tension using the Wilhelmy plate method and drop shape analysis.

关键词： Lignin lignin-phenol-formaldehyde resin(pF) surface energy viscosity thermal characterization design of experiments

Laser capture microdissection enables cellular and molecular studies of tooth root development

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International Journal of Oral Science 2012年第1期4卷 7-13页

作者： Jian-Xun Sun Orapin V Horst Roger Bumgarner Bryce Lakely martha J Somerman Hai Zhang State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Sichuan University Chengdu China Department of periodontics University of Washington Seattle WA USA Division of Endodontics Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental SciencesUniversity of California at San FranciscoSan FranciscoCAUSA Department of Microbiology University of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA Department of Urology University of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA Department of Restorative Dentistry UniversitY of Washington Seattle WA USA

Epithelial-mesenchymal interactions（EMIs） are critical for tooth *** mechanisms mediating these interactions in root formation is not well *** capture microdissection（LCM） and subsequent microarray analyses enable large scale in situ molecular and cellular studies of root formation but to date have been hindered by technical challenges of gaining intact histological sections of non-decalcified mineralized teeth or jaws with well-preserved ***,we describe a new method to overcome this obstacle that permits LCM of dental epithelia,adjacent mesenchyme,odontoblasts and cementoblasts from mouse incisors and molars during root *** this method,we obtained RNA samples of high quality and successfully performed microarray *** differences in gene expression,as well as genes not previously associated with root formation,were *** of gene expression data from microarray with real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction（RT-pCR） supported our *** genes include known markers of dental epithelia,mesenchyme,cementoblasts and odontoblasts,as well as novel genes such as those in the fibulin *** conclusion,our new approach in tissue preparation enables LCM collection of intact cells with well-preserved RNA allowing subsequent gene expression analyses using microarray and RT-pCR to define key regulators of tooth root development.

关键词： gene laser capture microdissection microarray pCR root

Morphological Characterization and phenological Modeling of <i>Jatropha platyphylla</i>(Euphorbiaceae) Muell. Arg. Genotypes

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American Journal of plant Sciences 2022年第1期13卷 23-35页

作者： Edith Salazar-Villa martha Lidia Gutiérrez-p.rez Federico Soto-Landeros Karla Marina Báez-parra María de la paz Sosa-Segura Miguel Angel Angulo-Escalante Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo AC Culiacán México Facultad de Agronomía Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa Culiacán México Instituto Tecnológico Superior de Guasave Guasave México Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa Culiacán México Colegio de Bachilleres del Estado de Sinaloa Culiacán México

Morphological characterization and phenological modeling were carried out on genotypes of Jatropha platyphylla collected from the states of Sinaloa and Durango, Mexico. The morphological characterization evidenced the existence of monoecious plants, finding individuals with male and female flowers in the same inflorescence. Fruit with four seeds was also found. The phenological study was divided into two phases and calculated in thermal requirement (°D): Vegetative [seedtime (0), germination (24), emergence (98), cotyledons (87), second (302) and fourth (524) true leaves, end of vegetative growth (302)] and reproductive [flowering (303), fructification (342), maturation (126), defoliation and senescence (450)]. The thermal constant (2558) was similar in all eight genotypes. The phenological stages and the accumulated degree days were adjusted with a third-degree polynomial (Stage = -0.0041x3 + 0.7446x2 - 8.6808x + 6.2448) (R2 = 0.99%) stage. The development of phenological models facilitates the prediction of the flowering date for the selection of varieties with high oil and protein content.

关键词： Degree-Days Monoecious phenological Modeling plant Breeding Varietal Selection

Discharge water temperature assessment of thermal power plantusing remote sensing techniques

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Energy Geoscience 2022年第2期3卷 172-181页

作者： priyom Roy Ivaturi N.Rao Tapas Ranjan martha K.Vinod Kumar Geosciences Group National Remote Sensing CentreISROHyderabadIndia Environment&Sustainability Coastal Gujarat Power LimitedMundraGujaratInd

Thermal power plants are generally constructed near to sea coast to meet their requirement of coolingwater. The warm water discharge from the thermal power plant is one of the major environmentalconcerns in view of the thermal pollution in the sea water. The temperature limit for the warm waterdischarge from the thermal power plant has to be monitored and controlled. Coastal Gujarat powerLimited (CGpL) operates (24×7) at an “once-through system” based sea water circulation for powergeneration. The used sea water is then discharged into the sea through an outlet channel. As per environmental norms, the discharge water temperature needs to be maintained below the stipulated “delta”rise (+7 ℃) with respect to ambient sea surface temperature at the inlet. We demonstrate the applicability of thermal remote sensing data in understanding the seasonal and temporal variations of thetemperature difference between the discharge water and the ambient sea water. We used thermal banddata from Landsat-8 satellite imagery to map water surface temperature and create temperature profilesalong the intake and outflow channels (till the sea), to understand the variation of temperature andestimate the “DT” between intake point and various observation points along the outflow. This analysiswas carried out for all 11 months (except June) of the year 2018 to correlate temperature variations withseasonal changes. Tidal conditions during the time of data acquisition were also considered to accountfor the effect of tides on DT. The result shows that the average temperature rise between intake andoutflow are maintained at ~3 ℃ across all the months of 2018, with minor variations in the months ofJuly and August. Further, average temperature drop from outflow to cooling channel (before diaphragm)is seen to be ~2 ℃ across all the months with similar seasonal fluctuations.

关键词： Discharge water Thermal power plant Ambient temperature Landsat 8 Seawater pollution

A value adding approach to hard-rock underground mining operations: Balancing orebody orientation and mining direction through meta-heuristic optimization

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Journal of Central South University 2019年第11期26卷 3126-3139页

作者： martha E.VILLALBA MATAMOROS Mustafa KUMRAL Department of Mining and Materials Engineering Mc Gill University

Underground mines require complex construction activities including the shaft, levels, raises, winzes and ore passes. In an underground mine based on stoping method, orebody part(s) maximizing profit should be determined. This process is called stope layout optimization (SLO) and implemented under site-specific geotechnical, operational and economic constraints. For practical purpose, the design obtained by SLO shows consecutive stopes in one path, which assists in defining the mining direction of these stopes. However, this direction may not accommodate the spatial distribution of the ore grade: if the orebody orientation and mining direction differ, the value of the mining operation may decrease. This paper proposes an approach whereby paths in the SLO are defined as decision variables to avoid the cost of mining in the wrong direction. Furthermore, in the genetic-based formulation, which accounts for orebody uncertainty, a robust cluster average design process is proposed to improve SLO’s performance regarding metal content. A case study in narrow gold vein deposit shows that the profit of an underground mining operation could be underestimated by 25%-48% if the algorithm ignores stope layout orientation.

关键词： underground mine planning orebody uncertainty orebody orientation mining direction stope layout optimization

protective effects of anti-ricin A-chain RNA aptamer against ricin toxicity

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第41期14卷 6360-6365页

作者： Shaoan Fan Feng Wu Frank Martiniuk martha L Hale Andrew D Ellington Kam-Meng Tchou-Wong Department of Environmental Medicine New York University School of Medicine 57 Old Forge Road Tuxedo New York 10987 United States Department of Medicine New York University School of Medicine 550 First Avenue New York 10016 United States Integrated Toxicology Division U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID) Fort Detrick Maryland 21702 United States Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Texas at Austin Austin Texas 78712 United States

AIM： To investigate the therapeutic potential of an RNA ligand （aptamer） specific for the catalytic ricin A-chain （RTA）, the protective effects of a 31-nucleo- tide RNA aptamer （31RA）, which formed a high affinity complex with RTA, against ricin-induced toxicity in cell- based luciferase translation and cell cytotoxicity assays were evaluated. METHODS： To test the therapeutic potential of anti- RTA aptamers in Chinese hamster ovary （CliO） AA8 cells stably transfected with a tetracycline regulatable promoter, ricin ribotoxicity was measured us- ing luciferase and ricin-induced cytotoxicity was ascertained by MTS cell proliferation assay with tet- razolium compound [3-（4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl）- 5-（3-carboxymethoxyphenyl）-2-（4-sulfophenyl）-2H- tetrazolium]. RESULTS： Inhibition of protein synthesis by ricin in CliO AA8 cells resulted in diminished luciferase activity and treatment with polyclonal antibody against degly- cosylated RTA （dgA） neutralized the inhibitory effects of ricin on luciferase activity and protected against ricin-induced cytotoxicity as measured by MTS assay. The 31RA anti-RTA aptamer inhibited the translation of luciferase mRNA in cell-free reticulocyte translation assay. 31RA aptamer also partially neutralized the inhibitory effects of ricin on luciferase activity and partially protected against ricin-induced cytotoxicity in CliO AA8 cells. CONCLUSION： We have shown that anti-RTA RNA aptamer can protect against ricin ribotoxicity in cell- based luciferase and cell cytotoxicity assays. Hence, RNA aptamer that inhibits RTA enzymatic activity represents a novel class of nucleic acid inhibitor that has the potential to be developed as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of ricin intoxication.

关键词： Ricin inhibitor RNA aptamer Luciferase assay

Situational Diagnosis of the Social Sphere of Elders Living in Retirement Homes

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Advances in Aging Research 2015年第2期4卷 42-46页

作者： Verónica Benavides pando martha Ornelas Contreras Jesús Enrique peinado p.rez Juan Cristóbal Barrón Luján Lepoldo Refugio López Baca Faculty of physical Culture Sciences Autonomous University of Chihuahua Chihuahua Mexico

A situational diagnosis of the social sphere of elder permanent residents at retirement homes in Chihuahua City was created with the aid of the Social Resource Scale instrument. From the 51 participants, there were 30 female and 21 male elders. The results and conclusions of the present study highlight two major needs: a systematic assessment of permanent residents in retirement homes and the implementation of a physical activation program. The proposed physical activation program must focus on both, the recovery of motor independence and the increase of socialization activities which allows members of the retired community to improve their daily routine performance and lessens the work load on their caretakers.

关键词： Situational Diagnosis Elder Social Sphere

Lymphomatous involvement of gastrointestinal tract: Evaluation by positron emission tomography with ^(18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2005年第46期11卷 7284-7289页

作者： Sith phongkitkarun Vithya Varavithya Toshiki Kazama Silvana C Faria martha V Mar Donald A podoloff Homer A Macapinlac Departments of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear MedicineBox 057 The University of Texas MDAnderson Cancer Center1515 Holcombe Blvd.HoustonTXUnited States

AIM： To demonstrate the ^18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography （18F-FDG pET） findings in patients with non-Hodgkin＇s lymphoma （NHL） involving the gastrointestinal （GI） tract and the clinical utility of modality despite of the known normal uptake of FDG in the GI tract. METHODS： Thirty-three patients with biopsy-proven gastrointestinal NHL who had undergone FDG-pET scan were induded. All the patients were injected with 10-15 mCJ FDG and scanned approximately 60 min later with a CTI/ Siemens HR （＋） pET scanner. pET scans were reviewed and the maximum standard uptake value （SUVmax） of the lesions was measured before and after the treatment, if data were available and compared with histologic diagnoses. RESULTS： Twenty-five patients had a high-grade lymphoma and eight had a low-grade lymphoma. The stomach was the most common site of the involvement （20 patients）. In high-grade lymphoma, pET showed focal nodular or diffuse hypermetabolic activity. The average SUVmax＋SD was 11.58±5.83. After the therapy, the patients whose biopsies showed no evidence of lymphoma had a lower uptake without focal lesions. The SUVmax＋SD decreased from 11.58±5.83 to 2.21± 0.78. in patients whose post-treatment biopsies showed lymphoma, the SUVmax＋SD was 9.42±6.27. Low-grade follicular lymphomas of the colon and stomach showed diffuse hypermetabolic activity in the bowel wall （SUVmax= 8.2 and 10.3, respectively）. The SUVmax was 2.02-3.8 （mean 3.02） in the stomach lesions of patients with MALT lymphoma. CONCLUSION： ^18F-FDG pET contributes to the diagnosis of high-grade gastrointestinal non-Hodgldn＇s lymphoma, even when there is the normal background FDG activity. Furthermore, the SUV plays a role in evaluating treatment response. Low-grade NHL demonstrates FDG uptake but at a lesser intensity than seen in high-grade NHL.

关键词： positron emission tomography Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma Gastrointestinal neoplasm