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THE INDOOR ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY PERFORMANCE OF GREEN LOW-INCOME SINGLE-FAMILY HOUSING

Journal of Green Building 2018年第2期13卷 98-120页

作者： Joshua B.Akom Abdul-Manan Sadick Mohamed H.Issa Shokry Rashwan marten duhoux Faculty of Engineering Department of Civil EngineeringUniversity of ManitobaEITC15 Gillson StreetWinnipegMB R3T 5V6 Canada School of Construction and Engineering Technologies Red River College2055 Notre Dame AveWinnipegMB R3H 0J9 Canada ft3 Architecture Landscape Interior Design 300 Waterfront DrWinnipegMB R3B 0G5 Canada

There is little empirical evidence in the literature about the indoor environmental quality performance of residential buildings in general and of social housing in particular. To address this problem, this study used a mixed-method approach to evaluate the indoor environmental quality performance of 17 green low-income single attached family houses in Brandon, Manitoba, Canada. Questionnaires were administered to occupants to assess their snapshot and long-term satisfaction with the indoor environment. In addition, snapshot measurements were carried out to evaluate the indoor environmental quality factors of thermal comfort, indoor air quality, lighting and acoustics. Occupants’ snapshot satisfaction was categorized into two groups (i.e. satisfied/comfortable or dissatisfied/uncomfortable) and compared with snapshot measurements. The results showed the measured IEQ parameters were well below recommended threshold levels. Further, occupants with higher snapshot satisfaction were generally exposed to relatively lower levels of indoor pollutants. A statistically significant difference was found in PM10 level only between the snapshot satisfied and snapshot dissatisfied groups of occupants. Apparent sound transmission classes were below the standard reference value of 50, suggesting potential problems in noise attenuation within different spaces in each apartment and between apartments. The findings of this study could help governments implement green shadowing for public-housing and also renovate existing houses using the same principles.

关键词： indoor environmental quality low-income housing social housing green houses thermal comfort indoor air quality lighting acoustics

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TPC1 - SV Channels Gain Shape

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Molecular Plant 2011年第3期4卷 428-441页

作者： Rainer Hedrich Irene marten University Wuerzburg Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics Julius-von-Sachs Platz 2 D-97082 Wuerzburg Germany King Saud University Zoology Department College of Science RO. Box 2455 Riyadh 11451 Saudi Arabia

The most prominent ion channel localized in plant vacuoles is the slow activating SV type. Slow vacuolar （SV） channels were discovered by patch clamp studies as early as 1986. In the following two decades, numerous studies revealed that these calcium- and voltage-activated, nonselective cation channels are expressed in the vacuoles of all plants and every plant tissue. The voltage-dependent properties of the SV channel are susceptible to modulation by calcium, pH, redox state, as well as regulatory proteins. In Arabidopsis, the SV channel is encoded by the AtTPC1 gene, and even though its gene product represents the by far largest conductance of the vacuolar membrane, tpcl-loss-of-function mutants appeared not to be impaired in major physiological functions such as growth, development, and reproduction. In contrast, the fou2 gain-of-function point mutation D454N within TPC1 leads to a pronounced growth phenotype and increased synthesis of the stress hormone jasmonate. Since the TPC1 gene is present in all land plants, it likely encodes a very general function. In this review, we will discuss major SV channel properties and their impact on plant cell physiology.

关键词： SV channel TPC1 vacuole transport CICR.

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Transposable elements significantly contributed to the core promoters in the human genome

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2019年第4期62卷 489-497页

作者： marten Kellner Wojciech Maka?owski Institute of Bioinformatics Faculty of Medicine University of Münster

Transposable elements(TEs) are major components of the human genome constituting at least half of it. More than half a century ago, Barbara McClintock and later Roy Britten and Eric Davidson have postulated that they might be major players in the host gene regulation. We have scanned a large amount of data produced by ENCODE project for active transcription binding sites(TFBSs) located in TE-originated parts of polymerase II promoters. In total, more than 35,000 promoters in six different tissues were analyzed and over 26,000 of them harbored TEs. Moreover, these TEs usually provide one or more of TFBSs in the host promoters, which resulted in more than 6% of active TFBSs in these regions located in the TE-originated sequences. Rewiring of transcription circuits played a major role in mammalian evolution and consequently increased their functional and morphological diversity. In this large-scale analysis, we have demonstrated that TEs contributed a large fraction of human TFBSs. Interestingly,these TFBSs usually act in a tissue-specific manner. Thus, our study clearly showed that TEs played a significant role in shaping expression pattern in mammals and humans in particular. Furthermore, since several TE families are still active in our genome,they continue to influence not only our genome architecture but also gene functioning in a broader sense.

关键词： transposable elements genome evolution gene expression evolution transcription factors transcription binding sites,ENCODE project promoters

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Surgical reconstruction of spinal cord circuit provides functional return in humans

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Neural Regeneration Research 2017年第12期12卷 1960-1963页

作者： Thomas Carlstedt Nicholas James marten Risling The Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases King's College London Department of Neuroscience Karolinska Institutet

This mini review describes the current surgical strategy for restoring function after traumatic spinal nerve root avulsion in brachial or lumbosacral plexus injury in man. As this lesion is a spinal cord or central nervous injury functional return depends on spinal cord nerve cell growth within the central nervous system. Basic science, clinical research and human application has demonstrated good and useful motor function after ventral root avulsion followed by spinal cord reimplantation. Recently, sensory return could be demonstrated following spinal cord surgery bypassing the injured primary sensory neuron. Experimental data showed that most of the recovery depended on new growth reinnervating peripheral receptors. Restored sensory function and the return of spinal reflex was demonstrated by electrophysiology and functional magnetic resonance imaging of human cortex. This spinal cord surgery is a unique treatment of central nervous system injury resulting in useful functional return. Further improvements will not depend on surgical improvements. Adjuvant therapy aiming at ameliorating the activity in retinoic acid elements in dorsal root ganglion neurons could be a new therapeutic avenue in restoring spinal cord circuits after nerve root avulsion injury.

关键词： plexus injury root avulsion spinal cord surgery motor sensory recovery adjuvant therapy

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The current performance of biodegradable magnesium-based implants in magnetic resonance imaging:A review

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Bioactive Materials 2021年第12期6卷 4360-4367页

作者： Jonathan Espiritu Martin Meier Jan-marten Seitz Syntellix AG HannoverGermany Hannover Medical School HannoverGermany

Magnesium-based implants are re-emerging as a substantial amendment to standard orthopaedic implants.A brief introduction of magnesium(Mg)as a biodegradable material and basic magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)principles are *** review aims to highlight the current performance of these implants during examinations with *** also aim to summarise comparisons between Mg-based implants with current standards to emphasise the promotion of biodegradable implants in clinical practice.A comprehensive search of current literature on Mg-based implants and the utilisation of MRI in the studies was ***,recorded artefact behaviour of Mg-based implants during MRI was investigated.A total of nine studies were included in which MRI was employed to image Mg-based *** those studies,four of the nine discuss artefact production caused by the *** successfully imaged regions of interest over all and produced fewer artefacts than other materials used in the *** was employed in contrast angiography,bone growth observation,bone infection healing,and blood *** capabilities of an implant material are vital to translating products into clinical *** findings presented in this review suggest and support the use of Mg-based implants due to their successful visual compatibility with MRI techniques.

关键词： Magnetic resonance imaging Magnesium Biodegradable implants Medical imaging Patient safety

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Structure and Function of TPC1 Vacuole SV Channel Gains Shape

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Molecular Plant 2018年第6期11卷 764-775页

作者： Rainer Hedrich Thomas D. Mueller Dirk Becker Irene marten Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics University of Wurzburg Julius-yon-Sachs Platz 2 97082 Wurzburg Germany

Plants and animals in endosomes operate TPCI/SV-type cation channels. All plants harbor at least one TPC1 gene. Although the encoded SV channel was firstly discovered in the plant vacuole membrane two decades ago, its biological function has remained enigmatic. Recently, the structure of a plant TPC1/SV channel protein was determined. Insights into the 3D topology has now guided site-directed mutation ap- proaches, enabling structure-function analyses of TPC1/SV channels to shed new light on earlier findings. Fou2 plants carrying a hyperactive mutant form of TPC1 develop wounding stress phenotypes. Recent studies with fou2 and mutants that lack functional TPC1 have revealed atypical features in local and long-distance stress signaling, providing new access to the previously mysterious biology of this vacuolar cation channel type in planta.

关键词： Ca^2+ sensors TPC1/SV channel vacuole membrane voltage voltage sensor

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Evaluation of hepatic cystic lesions

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第23期19卷 3543-3554页

作者： marten A Lantinga Tom JG Gevers Joost PH Drenth Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre6500 HB Nijmegen The Netherlands

Hepatic cysts are increasingly found as a mere coincidence on abdominal imaging techniques, such as ultrasonography (USG), computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). These cysts often present a diagnostic challenge. Therefore, we performed a review of the recent literature and developed an evidence-based diagnostic algorithm to guide clinicians in characterising these lesions. Simple cysts are the most common cystic liver disease, and diagnosis is based on typical USG characteristics. Serodiagnostic tests and microbubble contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) are invaluable in differentiating complicated cysts, echinococcosis and cystadenoma/cystadenocarcinoma when USG, CT and MRI show ambiguous findings. Therefore, serodiagnostic tests and CEUS reduce the need for invasive procedures. Polycystic liver disease (PLD) is arbitrarily defined as the presence of > 20 liver cysts and can present as two distinct genetic disorders: autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) and autosomal dominant polycystic liver disease (PCLD). Although genetic testing for ADPKD and PCLD is possible, it is rarely performed because it does not affect the therapeutic management of PLD. USG screening of the liver and both kidneys combined with extensive family history taking are the cornerstone of diagnostic decision making in PLD. In conclusion, an amalgamation of these recent advances results in a diagnostic algorithm that facilitates evidence-based clinical decision making.

关键词： Coincidental hepatic cystic lesions Cystic liver disease Complicated cyst Polycystic liver disease Diagnostic algorithm

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Prevention of overuse: A view on upper gastrointestinal endoscopy

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2019年第2期25卷 178-189页

作者： Judith J de Jong marten A Lantinga Joost PH Drenth Department of Gastroenterology Radboud University Medical Center

Many upper gastrointestinal(GI) endoscopies worldwide are performed for inappropriate indications. This overuse of healthcare negatively affects healthcare quality and puts pressure on endoscopy services. Dyspepsia is one of the most common inappropriate indications for upper GI endoscopy as diagnostic yield is low. Reasons for untimely referral are: unfamiliarity with dyspepsia guidelines,uncertainty about etiology of symptoms, and therapy failure. Unfiltered openaccess referrals feed upper GI endoscopy overuse. This review highlights strategies applied to diminish use of upper GI endoscopies for dyspepsia. First,we describe the impact of active guideline implementation. We found improved guideline adherence, but resistance was encountered in the process. Secondly, we show several forms of clinical assessment. While algorithm use reduced upper GI endoscopy volume, effects of referral assessment of individual patients were minor. A third strategy proposed Helicobacter pylori test and treat for all dyspeptic patients. Many upper GI endoscopies can be avoided using this strategy, but outcomes may be prevalence dependent. Lastly, empirical treatment with Proton pump inhibitors achieved symptom relief for dyspepsia and avoided upper GI endoscopies in about two thirds of patients. Changing referral behavior is complex as contributing factors are manifold. A collaboration of multiple strategies is most likely to succeed.

关键词： Endoscopy Dyspepsia Medical Overuse Guidelines Proton Pump Inhibitors Helicobacter pylori

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Fluid-rock interaction in retrograde granulites of the Southern Marginal Zone,Limpopo high grade terrain,South Africa

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Geoscience Frontiers 2014年第5期5卷 673-682页

作者： Jan marten Huizenga Dirk van Reenen Jacques L.R.Touret Unit of Environmental Sciences and Management North-West UniversityPrivate Bag X60012520South Africa Economic Geology Research Institute(EGRU) School of Earth and Environmental SciencesJames Cook UniversityTownsvilleQLD 4811Australia Department of Geology University of JohannesburgJohannesburgSouth Africa Institut de Mineralogie.de Physique des Materiaux et de Cosmochimie(IMPMC) Sorbonne Universites UPMC Univ Paris 06UMR CNRS 7590 Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle.IRD UMR 206.4 Place Jussieu.F-75005

Fluid infiltration into retrograde granulites of the Southern Marginal Zone （Limpopo high grade terrain） is exemplified by hydration reactions, shear zone hosted metasomatism, and lode gold mineralisation. Hydration reactions include the breakdown of cordierite and orthopyroxene to gedrite ＋ kyanite, and anthophyllite, respectively. Metamorphic petrology, fluid inclusions, and field data indicate that a low H2O-activity carbon-saturated CO2-rich and a saline aqueous fluid infiltrated the Southern Marginal Zone during exhumation. The formation of anthophyllite after orthopyroxene established a regional retrograde anthophyllite-in isograd and occurred at P-Tconditions of -6 kbar and 610 ℃, which fixes the minimum mole fraction of H20 in the CO2-rich fluid phase at ~ 0.1. The maximum H20 mole fraction is fixed by the lower temperature limit （~800 ℃） for partial melting at -0.3. C-O-H fluid calculations show that the CO2-rich fluid had an oxygen fugacity that was 0.6 log10 units higher than that of the fayalite-magnetite- quartz buffer and that the CO2/（CO2＋CH4） mole ratio of this fluid was 1. The presence of dominantly relatively low density CO2-rich fluid inclusions in the hydrated granulites indicates that the fluid pressure was less than the lithostatic pressure. This can be explained by strike slip faulting and/or an increase of the rock permeability caused by hydration reactions.

关键词： GranuliteFluidLimpopoRetrogradeSouthern Marginal Zone

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Potential Autonomous Selfing in Gesneria citrina (Gesneriaceae),a Specialized Hummingbird Pollinated Species with Variable Expression of Herkogamy

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2009年第10期51卷 973-978页

作者： Xin-Sheng Chen Silvana marten-Rodriguez Qing-Jun Li Charles B. Fenster Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden the Chinese Academy of Sciences Mengla 666303 China Department of Biology University of Maryland College Park MD 20742 USA Herbario de la Universidad de Costa Rica Escuela de Biologia Ciudad Universitaria Rodrigo Facio San Pedro San Jose Costa Rica

Species with mixed mating systems often demonstrate variable expression of breeding system characteristics and thus represent the opportunity to understand the factors and mechanisms that promote both outcrossed and selfed seed production. Here, we investigate variation in levels of herkogamy （variation in stigma-anther separation distance） in a Puerto Rican population of hummingbird pollinated Gesneria citrina Urban. There is significant variation in herkogamy levels among individuals of this species and stigma-anther separation is negatively associated with the ability to set fruits and seeds in the absence of pollinators. The variation in levels of herkogamy may represent a mechanism to ensure the production of some self-fertilized progeny in the absence of hummingbird pollinators. We also describe a novel breeding system in G. citrina, where stamens elongate over time to reach stigma height, but stamen elongation is accelerated by pollination. These results suggest that once the flowers are pollinated, stamen elongation may favor increased pollen removal and siring success, while the reduction in stigma-anther distance no longer imposes the risk of interference between male and female functions. We discuss our findings of breeding system variation in the context of pollination system evolution in an island setting （Antillean islands）.

关键词： mixed-mating pollen limitation pollination system Puerto Rico reproductive assurance stigma-anther separation.

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