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Classification of anemia for gastroenterologists

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第37期15卷 4627-4637页

作者： Jose Antonio Moreno Chulilla Maria Soledad Romero Colás martín Gutiérrez martín Department of Hematology University Hospital "Lozano Blesa" University of Zaragoza C/San Juan Bosco 15 Zaragoza 50009 Spain

Most anemia is related to the digestive system by dietary deficiency, malabsorption, or chronic bleeding. We review the World Health Organization definition of anemia, its morphological classifi cation (microcytic, macrocytic and normocytic) and pathogenic classi-fication (regenerative and hypo regenerative), and integration of these classifications. Interpretation of laboratory tests is included, from the simplest (blood count, routine biochemistry) to the more specific (iron metabolism, vitamin B12, folic acid, reticulocytes, erythropoietin, bone marrow examination and Schilling test). In the text and various algorithms, we propose a hierarchical and logical way to reach a diagnosis as quickly as possible, by properly managing the medical interview, physical examination, appropriate laboratory tests, bone marrow examination, and other comple-mentary tests. The prevalence is emphasized in all sections so that the gastroenterologist can direct the diagnosis to the most common diseases, although the tables also include rare diseases. Digestive diseases potentially causing anemia have been studied in preference, but other causes of anemia have been included in the text and tables. Primitive hematological diseases that cause anemia are only listed, but are not discussed in depth. The last section is dedicated to simplifying all items discussed above, using practical rules to guide diagnosis and medical care with the greatest economy of resources and time.

关键词： Anemia Microcytic anemia Iron Deficiency diseases Macrocytic anemia normocytic anemia

Immune challenge of mating effort:steroid hormone profile,dark ventral patch and parasite burden in relation to intrasexual competition in male Iberian red deer

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Integrative Zoology 2020年第4期15卷 262-275页

作者： Eva DE LA PEÑA JosémartÍn Isabel BARJA Raúl PÉREZ-CABALLERO Isabel ACOSTA Juan CARRAnZA Wildlife Research Unit University of CórdobaCórdobaSpain Department of Evolutionary Ecology National Museum of Natural Sciences(Spanish Research CouncilCSIC)MadridSpain Department of Biology Zoology UnitAutonomous University of MadridMadridSpain Biodiversity and Global Change Research Centre Autonomous University of MadridMadridSpain Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases Unit Animal Health DepartmentUniversity of CórdobaCórdobaSpain Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology National Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA

Testosterone secretion may regulate the reproductive effort and the development of sexual traits,but it may also involve costs at the immunological and metabolic ***,the evidence for this trade-off in wild populations is *** also plays an important role in mediating the reproductive and immune *** this study,we analyzed whether the endoparasite burden relates to hormonal levels(fecal testosterone and cortisol metabolites)and/or morphological sexual traits(size of the dark ventral patch,a trait that indicates reproductive effort in males)in male Iberian red *** this purpose,we sampled male red deer harvested during hunting actions in 2 types of populations in south western Spain that differed in structure,affecting the level of male–male competition for *** used coprological analyses to estimate the parasite burden mainly of gastrointestinal and bronchopulmonary nematodes and of protozoa,and assessed testosterone and cortisol metabolite levels from fecal *** found a positive relationship of host parasitation with both testosterone levels and the size of the dark ventral patch,but these relationships depended on the intensity of male–male competition in the population,being only found under the high-competition *** results are discussed under the hypothesis of the testosterone immunocompetence handicap,suggesting a cost at the immunological level,and,therefore,higher susceptibility to parasite infection in males that make a greater reproductive ***,this effect seems to be modulated by the social environment(male–male competition)that might lead to different optima in testosterone production and sexual trait development.

关键词： dark ventral patch fecal testosterone metabolites intrasexual competition male Iberian red deer parasite burden

A Deep Reinforcement Learning-Based Technique for Optimal Power Allocation in Multiple Access Communications

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Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing 2024年第1期39卷 93-108页

作者： Sepehr Soltani Ehsan Ghafourian Reza Salehi Diego martín Milad Vahidi Department of Industrial Engineering College of EngineeringUniversity of HoustonHoustonTX77204USA Department of Computer Science Iowa State UniversityAmesIowaUSA ETSI de Telecomunicación Universidad Politécnica de MadridMadridSpain Faculty of School of Plant and Environmental Sciences Virginia Polytechnic Institute and StateUniversityBlacksburgVirginia24060USA

Formany years,researchers have explored power allocation(PA)algorithms driven bymodels in wireless networks where multiple-user communications with interference are ***,data-driven machine learning methods have become quite popular in analyzing wireless communication systems,which among them deep reinforcement learning(DRL)has a significant role in solving optimization issues under certain *** this purpose,in this paper,we investigate the PA problem in a k-user multiple access channels(MAC),where k transmitters(e.g.,mobile users)aim to send an independent message to a common receiver(e.g.,base station)through wireless *** this end,we first train the deep Q network(DQn)with a deep Q learning(DQL)algorithm over the simulation environment,utilizing offline ***,the DQn will be used with the real data in the online training method for the PA issue by maximizing the sumrate subjected to the source ***,the simulation results indicate that our proposedDQnmethod provides better performance in terms of the sumrate compared with the available DQL training approaches such as fractional programming(FP)and weighted minimum mean squared error(WMMSE).Additionally,by considering different user densities,we show that our proposed DQn outperforms benchmark algorithms,thereby,a good generalization ability is verified over wireless multi-user communication systems.

关键词： Deep reinforcement learning deep Q learning multiple access channel power allocation

The Flight of the Boomerang Comments

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World Journal of Mechanics 2017年第3期7卷 46-67页

作者： Almudena martín Advanced Dynamics C.B. Madrid Spain

This text comprises a brief description and summary of THE FLIGHT OF THE BOOMERAnG, in which for the first time its author, Gabriel Barceló, presented the Theory of Dynamic Interactions in a book (2006). This book proposes foundations for new hypotheses in rotational dynamics, which enable us to resolve issues that until today have been unthinkable, such as the anomalies of the Pioneer probes, the essence of dark matter, or the true structure of the cosmos. The Theory of Dynamic Interactions, is a conceptual structure that studies the behavior of rigid solid bodies endowed with angular momentum.

关键词： Boomerang Advanced Dynamics Dynamic Interactions Rotational Dynamics Creative Curiosity new Paradigm in Physics Miguel Catalán Gyroscope

Research on the Growth Marketing Strategy of PG Company

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Research on the Growth Marketing Strategy of PG Company

作者： DE MUGURUTZA DE MEnDIZáBAL martín GAIZKA 上海财经大学

学位级别：硕士

PG公司是一家德国的工业应用智能手套制造商,已经度过了产品生命周期的第一个阶段,现在正享受着市场的认可和巩固,因此正处于成为一个大型组织的大门。在经历了结构和财务变化之后,该公司确定了一套新的目标,必须重新定义其营销方法,以... 详细信息

PG公司是一家德国的工业应用智能手套制造商,已经度过了产品生命周期的第一个阶段,现在正享受着市场的认可和巩固,因此正处于成为一个大型组织的大门。在经历了结构和财务变化之后,该公司确定了一套新的目标,必须重新定义其营销方法,以实现目前起飞阶段所要求的市场扩张目标。

关键词：增长营销业务到业务产品生命周期

Supercritical synthesis of platinum-modified titanium dioxide for solar fuel production from carbon dioxide

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Chinese Journal of Catalysis 2017年第4期38卷 636-650页

作者： Susana Tostón Rafael Camarillo Fabiola martínez Carlos Jiménez Jesusa Rincón University of Castilla‐La Mancha Department of Chemical Engineering Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Biochemistry Avda. Carlos III s/n 45071 Toledo Spain

This paper investigates the properties of TiO2‐based photocatalysts synthesised under ***,the characteristics of Pt dispersed on TiO2catalysts obtained in supercriticalCO2are discussed and compared with those of commercial *** photocatalytic activity of thesynthesised catalysts in the CO2photoreduction reaction to produce solar fuel is *** mainconclusion of the study is that photocatalysts with better or similar features,including high surfacearea,crystallisation degree,hydroxyl surface concentration,pore volume,absorbance in the visiblerange and methane production rate,to those of commercial TiO2may be produced for the reductionof CO2to fuel by synthesis in supercritical media.

关键词： Titanium dioxide Platinum Photocatalyst Metal dispersion Carbon dioxide photoreduction

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Concentrations and sources of an emerging pollutant, decabromodiphenylethane (DBDPE), in sewage sludge for land application

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2012年第3期24卷 558-563页

作者： De la Torre A Concejero M A martínez M A Persistent Organic Pollutant Group Environment Department CIEMAT Avd. Complutense 22 Madrid 28040 Spain

The presence of an emerging brominated flame retardant, decabromodiphenylethane （DBDPE）, has been confirmed in Spanish sewage sludge. Thirty one samples from different urban wastewater treatment plants （WWTPs） were analyzed for this brominated flame retardant. DBDPE was positively identified and quantified in all samples at lower concentrations （47.0 ± 29.7 ng/g dry weight （dw）; mean ± SD） than those obtained for decabromodiphenyl ether （BDE-209）（290 ± 236 ng/g dw; mean ± SD） in a previous study. Influence of the WWTP characteristics in the pollutant levels was evaluated. no significant correlations were obtained between DBDPE concentrations and the population or sewage sludge production rate associated with the plants, neither wastewater treatment method. Sources of DBDPE in the sludge were also evaluated. Data indicate a common origin for DBDPE and BDE-209, which may be related to leaching processes during the use and disposal of consumer products containing these chemicals. nevertheless, DBDPE contents are not influenced by industrial activities, which suggests that the infusion of DBDPE commercial mixture is not a source of this chemical into the environment, and indicates that the use of DBDPE in the Spanish industry is still low compared to deca-BDE.

关键词： decabromodiphenylethane polybrominated diphenyl ethers wastewater treatment plants sewage sludge

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Comparing different domains of analysis for the characterisation of n-glycans on monoclonal antibodies

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Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis 2020年第1期10卷 23-34页

作者： Sara Carillo Raquel Peerez-Robles Craig Jakes Meire Ribeiro da Silva Silvia Millan martín Amy Farrell natalia navas Jonathan Bones Characterisation and Comparability Laboratory NIBRT e the National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and TrainingFoster AvenueMount MerrionBlackrockCo.DublinA94 X099Ireland Department of Analytical Chemistry Biohealth Research Institute(ibs.GRANADA)University of GranadaGranadaSpain School of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering University College DublinBelfieldDublin 4D04 V1W8Ireland

With the size of the biopharmaceutical market exponentially increasing,there is an aligned growth in the importance of data-rich analyses,not only to assess drug product safety but also to assist drug development driven by the deeper understanding of structure/function *** monoclonal antibodies,many functions are regulated by n-glycans present in the constant region of the heavy chains and their mechanisms of action are not completely *** importance of their function focuses analytical research efforts on the development of robust,accurate and fast methods to support drug development and quality *** n-glycan analysis is considered as the gold standard for glycosylation characterisation;however,it is not the only method for quantitative analysis of glycoform *** this study,ten different analytical workflows for n-glycan analysis were compared using four monoclonal *** observing good comparability between the quantitative results generated,it was possible to appreciate the advantages and disadvantages of each technique and to summarise all the observations to guide the choice of the most appropriate analytical workflow according to application and the desired depth of data generated.

关键词： n-Glycans Biopharmaceuticals Monoclonal antibodies Intact mass analysis Mass spectrometry native mass spectrometry Glycan analysis Peptide mapping Glycopeptide analysis

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Advances in spray products for skin regeneration

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Bioactive Materials 2022年第10期7卷 187-203页

作者： Paula Pleguezuelos-Beltran Patricia Galvez-martín Daniel nieto-Garcí Juan Antonio Marchal Elena Lopez-Ruiz Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine Institute(IBIMER) Centre for Biomedical Research(CIBM)University of GranadaGranadaSpain Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology Faculty of MedicineUniversity of GranadaGranadaSpain BioFab i3D Lab-Biofabrication and 3D(bio)printing Laboratory GranadaSpain Excellence Research Unit“Modeling nature”(Mnat) University of GranadaGranadaSpain Biosanitary Research Institute of Granada(ibs.GRAnADA) University Hospitals of Granada-University of GranadaGranadaSpain R&D Human Health Bioib´erica S.A.UBarcelonaSpain Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology Faculty of PharmacyUniversity of GranadaGranadaSpain Complex Tissue Regeneration Department MERLN Institute for Technology Inspired Regenerative MedicineUniversiteitssingel 406229ER Maastrichtthe Netherlands Department of Health Sciences University of Ja´enJa´enSpain

To date,skin wounds are still an issue for healthcare *** numerous approaches have been developed over the years for skin regeneration,recent advances in regenerative medicine offer very promising strategies for the fabrication of artificial skin substitutes,including 3D bioprinting,electrospinning or spraying,among *** particular,skin sprays are an innovative technique still under clinical evaluation that show great potential for the delivery of cells and hydrogels to treat acute and chronic *** sprays present significant advantages compared to conventional treatments for wound healing,such as the facility of application,the possibility to treat large wound areas,or the homogeneous distribution of the sprayed *** this article,we review the latest advances in this technology,giving a detailed description of investigational and currently commercially available acellular and cellular skin spray products,used for a variety of diseases and applying different experimental ***,as skin sprays products are subjected to different classifications,we also explain the regulatory pathways for their commercialization and include the main clinical trials for different skin diseases and their treatment ***,we argue and suggest possible future trends for the biotechnology of skin sprays for a better use in clinical dermatology.

关键词： Skin Spray Tissue engineering Fibrin Hydrogel