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Understanding Lithium-ion Transport in Sulfolane- and Tetraglyme-Based Electrolytes Using Very Low-Frequency Impedance Spectroscopy

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Energy & Environmental Materials 2023年第1期6卷 368-376页

作者： Janet SHo Oleg A.Borodin Michael SDing Lin Ma marshall a.schroeder Glenn R.Pastel Kang Xu Energy Sciences Division Sensors and Electron Devices DirectorateUS Army Research LaboratoryAdelphi MD 20783USA

With the increasing interest in highly concentrated electrolyte systems,correct determination of the cation transference number is ***-field gradient NMR technique,which measures self-diffusion coefficients,is often applied on liquid electrolytes because of the wide accessibility and simple sample ***,since the assumptions of this technique,that is,complete salt dissociation,all ions participating in motion,and all of them moving independently,no longer hold true in concentrated solutions,the transference numbers,thus obtained are often *** the present work,impedance spectroscopy at a frequency range of 1 MHz to 0.1 mHz was used to examine the concentration effect on lithium-ion transference number under anion-blocking conditions T abc Liþfor two electrolytes:lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide(LiFSI)in sulfolane(SL)and lithium bis(trifluorosulfonyl)imide(LiTFSI)in tetraglyme(G4).The T abc Liþof the former was almost an order of magnitude higher than that of the *** also appeared to increase with increasing concentration while the latter followed an opposite *** faster Li^(+)transport in the SL system is attributed to the formation of a liquid structure consisting of extended chains/bridges of SL molecules and the anions,which facilitate a cation-hopping/ligand-exchanged-typed diffusion mechanism by partially decoupling the cations from the anions and solvent *** G4 system,in contrast,is dominated by the formation of long-lived,stable[Li(G4)]+solvation cages that results in a sluggish Li+*** difference between the two transport mechanisms is discussed via comparison of the bulk ionic conductivity,viscosity,ion self-diffusion coefficients,and the Onsager transport coefficients.

关键词： anion-blocking conditions ion correlations low-frequency impedance spectroscopy transference number

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Critical Factors Dictating Reversibility of the Zinc Metal Anode

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Energy & Environmental Materials 2020年第4期3卷 516-521页

作者： Lin Ma marshall a.schroeder Travis P.Pollard Oleg Borodin Michael S.Ding Ruimin Sun Longsheng Cao Janet Ho David R.Baker Chunsheng Wang Kang Xu Energy&Biotechnology Division Sensors and Electron Devices DirectorateUS Army Research LaboratoryAdelphi MD USA Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of MarylandChemCollege Park 20742MD USA

With high energy density and improved safety,rechargeable battery chemistries with a zinc(Zn)metal anode offer promising and sustainable alternatives to those based on lithium metal or lithium-ion intercalation/alloying anode materials;however,the poor electrochemical reversibility of Zn plating/stripping,induced by parasitic reactions with both aqueous and non-aqueous electrolytes,presently limits the practical appeal of these *** recent efforts in rechargeable Zn metal batteries(RZMBs)have achieved certain advancements in Zn metal reversibility,as quantified by the Coulombic efficiency(CE),a standard protocol for CE has not been established,and results across chemistries and systems are often *** importantly,there is still an insufficient understanding regarding the critical factors dictating Zn *** this work,a rigorous,established protocol for determining CE of lithium metal anodes is transplanted to the Zn chemistry and is used for systematically examining how a series of factors including current collector chemistry,current density,temperature,and the upper voltage limit during stripping affect the measured reversibility of different Zn *** support from density functional theory calculations,this standardized Zn CE protocol is then leveraged to identify an important correlation between electrolyte solvation strength toward Zn2+and the measured Zn CE in the corresponding electrolyte,providing new guidance for future development and evaluation of Zn electrolytes.

关键词： Coulombic efficiency rigorous protocol Zn ion solvation Zn metal anode

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急性胰腺炎肠系膜上静脉不完全性血栓形成保守治疗过程观察

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放射学实践 1992年第4期7卷 169-170页

作者： a.schroeder J.Gorich R.Goldschmidt 汪玲 Radiologische Klinik der Universitat Bonn 5300 Bonn-Venusberg FRG 同济医科大学附属同济医院

完全性肠系膜静脉血栓形成是一种危及生命的疾病,必须立即行坏死肠段切除术。其原因是静脉血流减慢伴小血管上行血栓形成。缺血性肠疾病的诊断依据,除临床症状外,就是乳酸盐含量升高。我们报告一例急性胰腺炎肠系膜上静脉不完全性血栓... 详细信息

完全性肠系膜静脉血栓形成是一种危及生命的疾病,必须立即行坏死肠段切除术。其原因是静脉血流减慢伴小血管上行血栓形成。缺血性肠疾病的诊断依据,除临床症状外,就是乳酸盐含量升高。我们报告一例急性胰腺炎肠系膜上静脉不完全性血栓形成行保守治疗的女病人。病例报告59岁,女性,年初因甲状腺结节行手术治疗。组织学检查为未分化甲状腺癌。由于4个星期后复发,故有必要行颈部切开术。

关键词：胰腺炎血栓形成治疗

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炉黑表面活性的表征 Ⅱ．用静态气体多层吸附法测定表面粗糙度

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炭黑工业 2001年第6期 31-38页

作者： a.schroeder 木洋

为了更深入了解补强机理，测定了具有不同BDP吸收值和氮吸附比表面积的起始炉黑和石墨化炉黑的表面粗糙度，用FHH分形理论评价了77K时Ar和N2的吸附等温线。该理论用表面分维Ds描述几何表面粗糙度（Ds=2,平滑表面；Ds=3，无限粗糙表面）... 详细信息

为了更深入了解补强机理，测定了具有不同BDP吸收值和氮吸附比表面积的起始炉黑和石墨化炉黑的表面粗糙度，用FHH分形理论评价了77K时Ar和N2的吸附等温线。该理论用表面分维Ds描述几何表面粗糙度（Ds=2,平滑表面；Ds=3，无限粗糙表面），用表面粗糙度的变化不能解释这些炭黑的不同补强性能，石墨化后表面粗糙度在z≤0．8mm，的尺度内下降到Ds≈2．3，这些结果与先前单独用码尺法获得的结果相吻合，码尺法是用分子大小不同的气体（乙烯，乙烷，丙烷，异丁烷）来测定表面分维的。

关键词：炭黑炉黑表面活性表征静态气体多层吸附法橡胶测定表面粗糙度

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Increase in efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cells by porous TiO_2 layer modification with gadolinium-containing thin layer

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Journal of Rare Earths 2011年第8期29卷 783-786页

作者： Maciej Zalas Mariusz Walkowiak Grzegorz schroeder Faculty of Chemistry Adam Mickiewicz University Institute of Non-Ferrous Metals Branch in Poznań Central Laboratory of Batteries and Cells

Modified with gadolinium-containing layer, nanoporous titania electrode and its application in dye-sensitized solar cells were reported. The electrode prepared was characterized with UV-Vis and X-ray diffraction （XRD） techniques. The amount of gadolinium was measured with inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry （ICP-OES） experiments. The modified electrode showed reduced N3 dye adsorption ability, but increased light conversion efficiency in comparison with the non-modified electrode. The overall conversion efficiencies, determined under 400 W/m2 irradiation with tungsten-halogen lamp at room temperature, were 0.55% for non-modified and 0.74% for modified electrodes.

关键词： dye-sensitized solar cell surface modification of TiO2 Gd-doped TiO2 rare earths

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Fight them or feed them:how the intestinal mucus layer manages the gut microbiota

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Gastroenterology Report 2019年第1期7卷 3-12,I0001页

作者： Bjoern O.schroeder Wallenberg Laboratory and Sahlgrenska Center for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research Department of Molecular and Clinical MedicineInstitute of MedicineBruna Stra°ket 16University of GothenburgSE 41345 GothenburgSweden

The intestinal tract is inhabited by a tremendous number of microorganisms,termed the gut *** microorganisms live in a mutualistic relationship with their host and assist in the degradation of complex *** the gut microbiota is generally considered beneficial,the vast number of microbial cells also form a permanent threat to the ***,the intestinal epithelium is covered with a dense layer of mucus to prevent translocation of the gut microbiota into underlying *** mucus is an organized glycoprotein network with a host-specific glycan *** the mucus layer has long been considered a passive,host-designed barrier,recent studies showed that maturation and function of the mucus layer are strongly influenced by the gut *** return,the glycan repertoire of mucins can select for distinct mucosa-associated bacteria that are able to bind or degrade specific mucin glycans as a nutrient *** the intestinal mucus layer is at the crucial interface between host and microbes,its breakdown leads to gut bacterial encroachment that can eventually cause inflammation and ***,a dysfunctional mucus layer has been observed in colitis in mice and ***,the increased consumption of a low-fiber Western-style diet in our modern society has recently been demonstrated to cause bacteria-mediated defects of the intestinal mucus ***,I will review current knowledge on the interaction between gut bacteria and the intestinal mucus layer in health and *** the molecular details of this host–microbe interaction may contribute to the development of novel treatment options for diseases involving a dysfunctional mucus layer,such as ulcerative colitis.

关键词： Dietary fiber gut microbiota host-microbe interaction inflammatory bowel disease mucus mucin mucosal barrier metabolic disease probiotics ulcerative colitis

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FerryBox: Using Automated Water Measurement Systems to Monitor Water Quality: Perspectives for the Yangtze River and Three Gorges Dam

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Journal of Earth Science 2010年第6期21卷 861-869页

作者： Carsten Frank Friedhelm schroeder Wilhelm Petersen Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht GmbH Institute for Coastal Research

The building of the Three Gorges Dam （Hubei （湖北） Province, China） has transformed a region with an economy based on sustainable agriculture for millennia into an entirely different environment within an exceptionally short time. This disrupts the natural biogeochemieal cycles of carbon, nutrients, and metals and possibly will affect the whole catchment including downstream ecosystems, such as wetlands, estuaries, deltas, and adjacent sea areas. Starting from changes that have already been documented, this article concentrates on the possible use of a ＂FerryBox＂, which is an automated water quality measurement system on board a ship or on shore, to monitor the short and long term development of the quality of the river water in the backwater area and downstream of the dam. While there are already research programmes running to monitor the water quality of the river and the backwater area, these programs are limited to ship campaigns with sampling and laboratory analysis. The spatial and temporal resolution of such measurements is not sufficient for an overall assessment of the water quality and for prognoses in the context of anthropogenic and climate change. Therefore, a concept of applying regular automated observations by a FerryBox is presented. It is shown that such systems are very well suited to give feedback for the assessment of measures to improve the water quality.

关键词： Three Gorges Dam Yangtze River eutrophication FerryBox.

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Effect of Continuous Phase Viscosity on Membrane Emulsification

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2000年第2期8卷 108-112页

作者：王志王世昌 Volker schroeder Helmar Schubert Institute of Food Process Engineering Karlsruhe UniversityD-76128 KarlsruheGermany

Oil-in-water(o/w) emulsions were produced with a membrane emulsification system. The effect of the continuous phase viscosity on the emulsification was studied. The theoretical analyses show that the continuous phase viscosity influences not only the flow field of the continuous phase but also the interfacial tension. The droplet size distribution and disperse phase flux for different continuous phase viscosity were investigated experimentally at constant wall shear stress and constant volume flow rate of the continuous phase respectively.

关键词： membrane emulsification viscosity continuous phase

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LES of film cooling for different jet fluids

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航空动力学报 2007年第4期22卷 521-530页

作者： P. Renze W. schroeder M. Meinke Aerodynamisches Institut RWTH Aachen 52062 Aachen Germany

The present paper investigates the impact of the velocity and density ratio on the turbulent mixing process in gas turbine blade film cooling.A cooling fluid is injected from an inclined pipe at α=30° into a turbulent boundary layer profile at a freestream Reynolds number of Re∞=*** jet-in-a-crossflow(JICF) problem is investigated using large-eddy simulations(LES).The governing equations comprise the Navier-Stokes equations plus additional transport equations for several species to simulate a non-reacting gas mixture.A variation of the density ratio is simulated by the heat-mass transfer analogy,i.e.,gases of different density are effused into an an air crossflow at a constant *** efficient large-eddy simulation method for low subsonic flows based on an implicit dual time-stepping scheme combined with low Mach number preconditioning is *** numerical results and experimental velocity data measured using two-component particle-image velocimetry (PIV) are in excellent *** results show the dynamics of the flow field in the vicinity of the jet hole,i.e.,the recirculation region and the inclination of the shear layers,to be mainly determined by the velocity ***,evaluating the cooling efficiency downstream of the jet hole the mass flux ratio proves to be the dominant similarity parameter,i.e.,the density ratio between the fluids and the velocity ratio have to be considered

关键词：航空推进系统仿真横向流动式喷气密度比速率冷却效率薄雾冷却

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Outlook on the gut microbiota

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Gastroenterology Report 2022年第1期10卷 1-2页

作者： Bjoern O.schroeder Department of Molecular Biology UmeaUniversityUmeaSweden Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden(MIMS) UmeaUniversityUmeaSweden

Despite being a rather young research field that only emerged in the last two decades,it has become clear that the gut microbiota is an essential part of our body that strongly influences the processes that regulate our health and *** this Special Issue of Gastroenterology Report,we have compiled a collection of articles which discuss that microbial signals deriving from our internal bioreactor are by no means restricted to the gut environment,and why it is thus reasonable to consider the gut microbial community as an additional organ to our body.

关键词： Outlook spite restricted

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