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A handbook of varieties of English / CD-ROM. Varieties of English

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Dual Targeting of a Mitochondrial Protein： The Case Study of Cytochrome C1

2004年

作者： bernd Kortmann

来源：畅想之星图书光盘版（南... 评论

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Molecular Plant 2011年第4期4卷 679-687页

作者： Anja Rodiger Bianca Baudisch Uwe Langner Ralf bernd Klosgen Institute of Biology--Plant Physiology Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg Weinbergweg 10 06120 Halle/Saale Germany

As a result of the endosymbiotic gene transfer, the majority of proteins of mitochondria and chloroplasts is encoded in the nucleus and synthesized in the cytosol as precursor molecules carrying N-terminal transit peptides for the transport into the respective target organelle. In most instances, transport takes place into either mitochondria or chloroplasts, although a few examples of dual targeting into both organelles have been described. Here, we show by a combination of three different experimental strategies that also cytochrome c1 of potato, a component of the respiratory electron transport chain, is imported not only into mitochondria, but also into plastids. In organello import experiments with isolated mitochondria and chloroplasts, which were analyzed in both single and mixed organelte assays, demonstrate that the processing products accumulating after import within the two endosymbiotic organelles are different in size. Dual targeting of cytochrome c1 is observed also in vivo, after biolistic transformation of leaf epidermal cells with suitable reporter constructions. Finally, Western analyses employing cytochrome c1-specific antiserum provide evidence that the protein accumulates in significant amounts in mitochondria and chloroplasts of both pea and spinach. The possible consequences of our findings on the relevance of the dual targeting phenomenon are discussed.

关键词： Protein transport dual targeting cytochrome c1 mitochondria chloroplast.

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户外叉车自主驾驶的漫长道路

现代制造 2024年第9期 26-26页

作者： bernd Maienschein 不详

近四年来,欧洲最大的叉车制造商林德物料搬运公司和阿莎芬堡市TH工程技术大学一直努力在名为KAnIS的项目中通力合作。而KAnIS的全称则是“自主合作的内部物流系统”。现在,项目参与者第一次在叉车制造商的测试现场看到了合作项目的全貌... 详细信息

近四年来,欧洲最大的叉车制造商林德物料搬运公司和阿莎芬堡市TH工程技术大学一直努力在名为KAnIS的项目中通力合作。而KAnIS的全称则是“自主合作的内部物流系统”。现在,项目参与者第一次在叉车制造商的测试现场看到了合作项目的全貌。我曾多次从维尔茨堡编辑部沿美因河到达阿莎芬堡,到整个欧洲技术领先的叉车制造商林德物料搬运有限公司(以下简称:林德)那里,但没有一次像今天这样兴奋。

关键词：内部物流物料搬运自主合作工程技术大学维尔茨堡合作项目自主驾驶叉车

Fluidization behavior and reduction kinetics of pre-oxidized magnetite-based iron ore in a hydrogen-induced fluidized bed

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2022年第10期29卷 1873-1881页

作者： Heng Zheng Oday Daghagheleh Thomas Wolfinger bernd Taferner Johannes Schenk Runsheng Xu Chair of Ferrous Metallurgy Montanuniversitaet LeobenFranz-Josef-Straβe 188700LeobenAustria K1-MET GmbH Stahlstraße 144020 LinzAustria The State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China

The influence of different pre-oxidation temperatures and pre-oxidation degrees on the reduction and fluidization behaviors of magnetite-based iron ore was investigated in a hydrogen-induced fluidized *** raw magnetite-based iron ore was pre-oxidized at 800 and1000℃ for a certain time to reach a partly oxidation and deeply oxidation *** structure and morphology of the reduced particles were analyzed via optical microscope and scanning electron microscopy(SEM).The reaction kinetic mechanism was determined based on the double-logarithm *** results indicate that the materials with higher oxidation temperature and wider particle size range show better fluidization *** lower oxidation temperature is more beneficial for the reduction rate,especially in the later reduction *** pre-oxidation degree shows no obvious influence on the fluidization and reduction *** on the kinetic analysis,the reduction progress can be divided into three *** reduction mechanism was discussed combing the surface morphology and phase structure.

关键词： magnetite-based iron ore prior oxidation fluidization behavior kinetic analysis hydrogen reduction

Genetic diversity and differentiation among populations of the pedunculate oak(Quercus robur)at the eastern margin of its range based on a new set of 95 SNP loci

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Journal of Forestry Research 2021年第5期32卷 2237-2243页

作者： bernd Degen Yulai Yanbaev Ruslan Ianbaev Svetlana Bakhtina Albina Tagirova Institute of Forest Genetics GrosshansdorfGermany Federal State Budgetary Educational Establishment of Higher Education“Bashkir State Agrarian University” UfaRussia Federal State Budgetary Educational Establishment of Higher Education“Bashkir State University” UfaRussia

The aim of this study is to determine the genetic variability and differentiation among populations of pedunculate oak(Quercus robur)at the eastern margin of the species distribution *** applied new set of 95 geographically informative nuclear SNP(single nucleotide polymorphism)loci developed using Double Digest Restriction Site Associated DNA(ddRAD),a new generation DNA sequencing *** study area is located in the basins of the Volga River and its two main tributaries,Kama and *** the strong reduction and fragmentation of pedunculate oak forests over the last several centuries and comparatively small sizes of present stands,a relatively similar genetic diversity of seven populations was observed(on average,allelic diversity v_(a)=1.472-1.603,observed heterozygosity H_(O)=0.305-0.358,expected heterozygosity H_(E)=0.272-0.343).The genetic distances between populations vary between 0.102 and 0.170(on average,d_(0)=0.128).We have identified the absence of a spatial genetic structure and the existence of genetically peculiar populations in the territory *** genetic distances of Gregorius between populations vary between 0.102 and 0.170(on average,d_(0)=0.128).Genetic differentiation among populations was statistically significant with a mean of the fixation index FST of *** from the Privolzhye Upplands and from northern parts of the study area make the most contribution to overall inter-population differentiation(d_(0)=0.137).No significant differences exist among the samples at lowlands along the Volga river(d_(0)=0.110).It was concluded that the multiplicity and different ages of local populations and the complexity of migration routes of the pedunculate oak from Pleistocene refugia and secondary Holocene shelters can cause this phenomenon.

关键词： Population Quercus robur Gene pool Single nucleotide polymorphism

Shedding Light on the Crystallographic Etching of Multi-Layer Graphene at the Atomic Scale

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Nano Research 2009年第9期2卷 695-705页

作者： Franziska Schäffel Jamie H.Warner Alicja Bachmatiuk bernd Rellinghaus bernd Büchner Ludwig Schultz Mark H.Rümmeli IFW Dresden P.O.Box 270116D-01171 DresdenGermany Department of Materials University of OxfordParks Rd.Oxford OX13PHUnited Kingdom

The controlled etching of graphite and graphene by catalytic hydrogenation is potentially a key engineering route for the fabrication of graphene nanoribbons with atomic *** hydrogenation mechanism,though,remains poorly *** this study we exploit the benefi ts of aberration-corrected high-resolution transmission electron microscopy to gain insight to the hydrogenation *** etch tracks are found to be commensurate with the graphite *** particles at the head of an etch channel are shown to be faceted and the angles between facets are multiples of 30°.Thus,the angles between facets are also commensurate with the graphite *** addition,the results of a post-annealing step suggest that all catalyst particles even if they are not involved in etching are actively forming methane during the hydrogenation ***,the data point against carbon dissolution being a key mechanism during the hydrogenation process.

关键词： Graphene graphene nanoribbons catalytic hydrogenation nanoparticles

A synchronous distributed cloud-based virtual reality meeting system for architectural and urban design

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Frontiers of Architectural Research 2014年第4期3卷 348-357页

作者： Lei Sun Tomohiro Fukuda bernd Resch School ol Engineering Osaka University Suito Osaka S 4521 Japan Institute of Geography University of Heidelberg Heidelberg D 69120 Germany Harvard University Cambridge MA USA

In the spatial design fields such as architectural design and urban design, a consensus-building process among a variety of stakeholders like project executors, architects, residents, users, and general citizens is required. New technological developments such as cloud computing and Virtual Design Studios （VDS） enable the creation of virtual meeting systems. This paper proposes an approach towards a synchronous distributed design meeting system. In this paper, in addition to sharing a 3D virtual space for a synchronous distributed type design meeting, we developed a prototype system that enables participants to sketch or make annotations and have discussions as well as add viewpoints to them. We applied these functions to evaluate an architectural design and urban landscape examination. In conclusion, the proposed method was evaluated as being effective and feasible. Yet, it shows a few shortcomings including the fact that simultaneous operation is limited to one client, and more arbitrary shapes should be supported in future versions of the application.

关键词： Spatial design meeting Distributed synchronization Cloud computing Annotation Discussion board

Tumor necrosis factor alpha receptor 1 deficiency in hepatocytes does not protect from non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, but attenuates insulin resistance in mice

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2020年第33期26卷 4933-4944页

作者： Sena Bluemel Yanhan Wang Suhan Lee bernd Schnabl Department of Medicine University of California San DiegoLa JollaCA 92093United States Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology University Hospital ZurichZurich 8091Switzerland Department of Medicine VA San Diego Healthcare SystemSan DiegoCA 92161United States

BACKGROUND End-stage liver disease caused by non-alcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH)is the second leading indication for liver *** date,only moderately effective pharmacotherapies exist to treat *** the pathogenesis of NASH is therefore crucial for the development of new *** inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha(TNF-α)is important for the progression of liver *** signaling via TNF receptor 1(TNFR1)has been hypothesized to be important for the development of NASH and hepatocellular carcinoma in whole-body knockout animal *** To investigate the role of TNFR1 signaling in hepatocytes for steatohepatitis development in a mouse model of diet-induced *** NASH was induced by a western-style fast-food diet in mice deficient for TNFR1 in hepatocytes(TNFR1ΔHEP)and their wild-type littermates(TNFR1fl/fl).Glucose tolerance was assessed after 18 wk and insulin resistance after 19 wk of *** 20 wk mice were assessed for features of NASH and the metabolic syndrome such as liver weight,liver steatosis,liver fibrosis and markers of liver *** Obesity,liver injury,inflammation,steatosis and fibrosis was not different between TNFR1ΔHEP and TNFR1fl/fl ***,Tnfr1 deficiency in hepatocytes protected against glucose intolerance and insulin *** Our results indicate that deficiency of TNFR1 signaling in hepatocytes does not protect from diet-induced ***,improved insulin resistance in this model strengthens the role of the liver in glucose homeostasis.

关键词： Tumor necrosis factor alpha receptor 1 Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease Type 2 diabetes Insulin resistance Glucose intolerance

Growth-Regulating Factors （GRFs）： A Small Transcription Factor Family with Important Functions in Plant Biology

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Molecular Plant 2015年第7期8卷 998-1010页

作者： Mohammad Amin Omidbakhshfard Sebastian Proost Ushio Fujikura bernd Mueller-Roeber Institute of Biochemistry and Biology University of Potsdam Karl-Liebknecht-Straβe 24-25 Haus 20 14476 Potsdam-Golm Germany Max-Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology Am Muhlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam-Golm Germany

Growth-regulating factors （GRFs） are plant-specific transcription factors that were originally identified for their roles in stem and leaf development, but recent studies highlight them to be similarly important for other central developmental processes including flower and seed formation, root development, and the coordination of growth processes under adverse environmental conditions. The expression of several GRFs is controlled by microRNA miR396, and the GRF-miRNA396 regulatory module appears to be central to several of these processes. In addition, transcription factors upstream of GRFs and miR396 have been discovered, and gradually downstream target genes of GRFs are being unraveled. Here, we review the current knowledge of the biological functions performed by GRFs and survey available molecular data to illustrate how they exert their roles at the cellular level.

关键词： abiotic stress chromatin remodeling flower development growth regulation leaf development,miRNA