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Sand dunes as potential sources of dust in northern China

Science China Earth Sciences 2016年第4期59卷 760-769页

作者： mark R sweeney LU HuaYu CUI MengChun Joseph A MASON FENG Han XU ZhiWei Department of Earth Sciences University of South Dakota Laboratory of Earth Surface Process and Environment School of Geographic and Oceanographic Sciences Nanjing University Department of Geography University of Wisconsin-Madison

While saltation bombardment of sand grains on a fine substrate can produce considerable dust, the well-sorted nature of sand dunes tends to preclude them from consideration as major dust sources. Recent research, however, has revealed that sand dunes can, in some cases, be large sources of dust. We used the PI-SWERL(Portable In-Situ Wind Erosion Laboratory) to measure in the field the potential of sand dunes and other desert landforms to emit particulate matter <10 μm(PM-10) dust in the Tengger, Ulan Buh, and Mu Us deserts of northern China. Combined with high resolution particle size measurements of the dune sand, an assessment of sand dunes as a dust source can be made. Large active transverse dunes tend to contain little to no stored PM-10, yet they produce a low dust flux. Coppice dunes stabilized by vegetation contain appreciable PM-10 and have very high dust emission potential. There is a positive correlation between the amount of PM-10 stored in a dune and its potential dust flux. Saltation liberates loose fines stored in dunes, making them very efficient dust emitters compared to landforms such as dry lake beds and washes where dust particles are unavailable for aeolian transport due to protective crusts or sediment cohesion. In cases where large dunes do not store PM-10 yet emit dust when active, two hypotheses can be considered:(1) iron-oxide grain coatings are removed during saltation, creating dust, and(2) sand grains collide during saltation, abrading grains to create dust. Observations reveal that iron oxide coatings are present on some dune sands. PI-SWERL data suggests that low dust fluxes from dunes containing no stored dust may represent an estimate for the amount of PM-10 dust produced by removal of iron oxide coatings. These results are similar to results from dunes in the United States. In addition, PI-SWERL results suggest that dust-bearing coppice dunes, which cover vast areas of China's sandy deserts, may become major sources of dust in the f

关键词： Coppice dunes Transverse dunes Dust PI-SWERL Desert

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便携式粉尘观测仪测定腾格里沙漠和毛乌素沙地PM_(10)释放通量

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科学通报 2015年第17期60卷 1621-1630页

作者：崔梦淳鹿化煜 sweeney mark MASON Joseph 冯晗徐志伟南京大学地理与海洋科学学院地貌过程与环境实验室南京210023 Department of Earth Sciences University of South Dakota Department of Geography University of Wisconsin

中国北方沙漠和沙地是亚洲粉尘释放的重要源区,定量估算这一地区的粉尘释放量有助于评估区域大气环境质量及其气候效应.目前,对中国北方粉尘释放量的估算主要是基于模拟结果,野外直接观测数据很少.利用一种新型的粉尘释放观测仪器——... 详细信息

中国北方沙漠和沙地是亚洲粉尘释放的重要源区,定量估算这一地区的粉尘释放量有助于评估区域大气环境质量及其气候效应.目前,对中国北方粉尘释放量的估算主要是基于模拟结果,野外直接观测数据很少.利用一种新型的粉尘释放观测仪器——便携式粉尘观测仪（PI-SWERL）,测量腾格里沙漠和毛乌素沙地若干典型地表（沙丘、干湖、灌丛沙丘、河流冲积物等）的粉尘释放通量,获得了不同地表潜在粉尘释放量的直接观测数据.结果表明,不同地表的PM10释放通量存在较大差异,但均随摩阻风速的增加而增加.在相同的摩阻风速U＊=0.55 m/s条件下,灌丛沙丘的PM10通量最高（0.70~10.23 mg/（m2 s））,河流冲积物次之（0.12~4.97 mg/（m2 s））,干湖湖底、沙丘等地表的通量较小（〈0.5 mg/（m2 s））.对比试验表明,破碎结壳地表释放的PM10通量是未破碎结壳的几倍甚至几十倍;披覆松散沙粒结壳地面的PM10释放通量高出未披覆的1~2个数量级.对比前人研究结果,PI-SWERL可以较好地反映不同源区粉尘释放的差异,对定量评估区域乃至全球的粉尘释放量等具有重要意义.

关键词：腾格里沙漠粉尘释放便携式粉尘观测仪(PI-SWERL) PM10通量摩阻风速

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Factors controlling the spatial and temporal variability of dust emissions

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Chinese Journal Of Geochemistry 2006年第B8期25卷 219-220页

作者： John A. Gillies William G. Nickling Vicken Etyemezian James King mark sweeney Division of Atmospheric Sciences Desert Research Institute Reno Nevada USA Wind Erosion Laboratory Department of Geography University of Guelph Guelph Ontario Canada Division of Atmospheric Sciences Desert Research Institute Las Vegas Nevada USA Department of Earth Sciences University of South Dakota Rapid City South Dakota USA

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The safety,efficacy and pharmaceutical quality of male enhancement nutraceuticals bought online:Truth versus claim

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Journal of Integrative Medicine 2021年第3期19卷 232-242页

作者： Mohamed Ismail Nounou Heba AEassa Nada AHelal Khaled Aboul Fotouh Ihab Mansoor Isabel KLatz Cindy Zheng Hadeer AEassa Dina Mohamed Diana MHuynh Abigail RWiss Jessica sweeney Monica TOakes mark MMikhail Nadine Amine Harshvir Kaur Natalia Echeverry Kamila Orzechowski Doreen Szollosi Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences School of Pharmacy&Physician Assistant Studies(SOPPAS)University of Saint Joseph(USJ)HartfordConnecticut 06103USA Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy Faculty of PharmacyAL-Azhar UniversityCairo 11651Egypt Pharmaceutical Sciences Department Irma Lerma Rangel College of PharmacyTexas A&M Health Science CenterTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTexas 77843USA Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery College of PharmacyThe University of Texas at AustinTexas 78712USA Department of Pharmaceutics Faculty of PharmacyAssiut UniversityAssiut 71526Egypt Department of Pharmaceutics Faculty of PharmacyAlexandria UniversityAlexandria 21521Egypt Department of Public Health Sciences College of Health SciencesThe University of Texas at El PasoTX 79968USA Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute University of Sadat CitySadat 32897Egypt Department of Industrial Pharmacy Faculty of PharmacyAlexandria UniversityAlexandria 21521Egypt

Objective:Nutraceutical products are widely used for their claimed therapeutic ***,falsified or adulterated nutraceuticals present a major health threat to *** study investigates the pharmaceutical quality,safety and anti-inflammatory effects of six male enhancement nutraceuticals that claim to be 100%***:Three batches of six male enhancement products were tested to detect the presence and levels of adulterants via high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC).The pharmaceutical quality of the selected nutraceuticals was tested with near infrared spectroscopy(NIR)and Se De *** cytotoxic effects of these products on HepG2 cells were determined through cell proliferation(XTT)and lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)cytotoxicity ***,the in vitro inflammatory effects of these products were investigated using murine J774 macrophages through cytokine release ***:HPLC analysis detected the presence of sildenafil citrate,a vasodilator,and the active ingredient in Viagra and Revatio,in all batches of the products we *** of sildenafil citrate ranged from 0.45 mg to 51.85 mg among different *** assessment showed inter-and intra-batch heterogeneity in product *** of the XTT and LDH assays showed significant cytotoxic effects of the analyzed *** analysis revealed that the viability of HepG2 treated with tested products varied from 27.57%to 41.43%.Interestingly,the male enhancement products also showed anti-inflammatory ***:Despite their labeling as 100%natural,all products tested in this study contained levels of sildenafil citrate,which was not reported on the *** was a lack of pharmaceutical uniformity among products of the same batch and across different ***,the products we tested had cytotoxic *** study findings highlight the adulteration,poor quality and hazard of these ***,strict regulation of these product

关键词： Nutraceuticals Adulteration Erectile dysfunction Sildenafil citrate Online market

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Antimicrobial susceptibility testing in veterinary medicine:performance,interpretation of results,best practices and pitfalls

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One Health Advances 2023年第1期1卷 62-77页

作者： Andrea T.Feßler Yang Wang Claire R.Burbick Dubraska Diaz-Campos Virginia RFajt Sara D.Lawhon Xian-Zhi Li Brian V.Lubbers Kelli Maddock Ron A.Miller mark G.Papich Shabbir Simjee Michael T.sweeney Jeffrey L.Watts Congming Wu Jianzhong Shen Stefan Schwarz Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics Centre for Infection MedicineSchool of Veterinary MedicineFreie Universität BerlinBerlinGermany Veterinary Centre for Resistance Research(TZR) Freie Universität BerlinBerlinGermany National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety College of Veterinary MedicineChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina Key Laboratory of Animal Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsCollege of Veterinary MedicineChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology College of Veterinary MedicineWashington State UniversityPullmanWAUSA Department of Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary MedicineThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA Texas A&M University School of Veterinary Medicine College StationTXUSA Veterinary Drugs Directorate Health CanadaOttawaONCanada Department of Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary MedicineKansas State UniversityManhattanKSUSA North Dakota State University Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory FargoNDUSA U.S.Food and Drug Administration Center for Veterinary MedicineRockvilleMDUSA College of Veterinary Medicine North Carolina State UniversityRaleighNCUSA Elanco Animal Health HookUK Zoetis Inc.KalamazooMIUSA.

The performance of antimicrobial susceptibility testing(AST)of bacteria and the interpretation of AST results for bacteria isolated from animals are complex tasks which must be performed using standard published methodology and overseen by experts in clinical microbiology and in consultation with clinical ***,AST has significant potential for errors and *** this review,we provide guidance on how to correctly perform AST of bacteria isolated from animals and interpret the AST *** emphasis is placed on the various approved or published methodologies for the different bacteria as well as the application of interpretive criteria,including clinical breakpoints and epidemiological cut-off values(ECVs/ECOFFs).Application of approved interpretive criteria and definitions of susceptible,susceptible dose-dependent,nonsusceptible,intermediate,and resistant for clinical breakpoints as well as wild-type and non-wildtype for ECVs,are explained and the difficulties resulting from the lack of approved clinical breakpoints for other bacteria,indications,and animal species is *** requirement of quality controls in any AST approach is also *** addition,important parameters,often used in monitoring and surveillance studies,such as MIC50,MIC90,and testing range,are explained and criteria for the classification of bacteria as multidrug-resistant,extensively drug-resistant or pandrug-resistant are *** mistakes are presented and the means to avoid them are *** provide the most accurate AST,one must strictly adhere to approved standards or validated methodologies,like those of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute or other internationally accepted AST documents and the detailed information provided therein.

关键词： Antimicrobial susceptibility testing Quality controls Clinical breakpoints Epidemiological cut-off values Multidrug resistance

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