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Recurrent hepatitis C after liver transplant

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第31期20卷 10668-10681页

作者： Andrew s deLemos Paul A schmeltzer mark W Russo Department of Medicine Center for Liver Diseases and Transplantation Carolinas Medical Center

End stage liver disease from hepatitis C is the most common indication for liver transplantation in many parts of the world accounting for up to 40% of liver transplants. Antiviral therapy either before or after liver transplantation is challenging due to side effects and lower efficacy in patients with cirrhosis and liver transplant recipients, as well as from drug interactions with immunosuppressants. Factors that may affect recurrent hepatitis C include donor age, immunosuppression, IL28 B genotype, cytomegalovirus infection, and metabolic syndrome. Older donor age has persistently been shown to have the greatest impact on recurrent hepatitis C. After liver transplantation, distinguishing recurrent hepatitis C from acute cellular rejection may be difficult, although the development of molecular markers may help in making the correct diagnosis. The advent of interferon free regimens with direct acting antiviral agents that include Ns3/4A protease inhibitors, Ns5 B polymerase inhibitors and Ns5 A inhibitors holds great promise in improving outcomes for liver transplant candidates and recipients.

关键词： Hepatitis C Liver transplant Donor risk factors Immunosuppression Protease inhibitors Fibrosing cholestatic hepatitis C Acute cellular rejection Cytomegalovirus

Ketamine and midazolam sedation for pediatric gastrointestinal endoscopy in the Arab world

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2011年第31期17卷 3630-3635页

作者： Mohamad-Iqbal s Miqdady Wail A Hayajneh Ruba Abdelhadi mark A Gilger Pediatric Department Medical SchoolJordan University of Science and Technology Pediatric Institute Sheikh Khalifa Medical Citymanaged by Cleveland ClinicAbu Dhabi Pediatric Department University of Texas Health Science CenterSan AntoniaTXSan Antonia Pediatric Department Baylor College of Medicine

AIM:To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of intravenous ketamine-midazolam sedation during pediatric endoscopy in the Arab ***:A retrospective cohort study of all pediatric endoscopic procedures performed between 2002-2008 at the shared endoscopy suite of King Abdullah University Hospital,Jordan University of science & Technology,Jordan was *** children were > 1 year old and weighed > 10 kg with American society of Anesthesiologists class 1 or *** was performed in terms of sedation-related complications(desaturation,respiratory distress,apnea,bradycar-dia,cardiac arrest,emergence reactions),adequacy of sedation,need for sedation reversal,or failure to complete the ***:A total of 301 patients(including 160 males) with a mean age of 9.26 years(range,1-18 years) were *** were premedicated with atropine;and 79.4%(239/301) had effective and uneventful *** 248(82.4%) of the 301 patients received a mean dose of 0.16 mg/kg(range,0.07-0.39) midazolam and 1.06 mg/kg(range,0.31-2.67) ketamine,respectively within the recommended dosage *** maximum midazolam dose was exceeded in 17.6% patients [34 female(F):19 male(M),P = 0.003] and ketamine in 2.7%(3 M:5 F).Maximum midazolam dose was more likely to be exceeded than ketamine(P saturation occurred in 37(12.3%) patients,and was reversible by supplemental oxygen in all except 4 who continue to have desaturation despite supplemental ***(1.3%) patients had respiratory distress and 6(2%) were difficult to sedate and required a 3rd sedative;12(4%) required reversal and 7(2.3%) failed to complete the *** developed apnea,bradycardia,arrest,or emergence ***:Ketamine-midazolam sedation appears safe and effective for diagnostic pediatric gastrointestinal endoscopy in the Arab world for children aged > 1 year and weighing > 10 kg without co-morbidities.

关键词： Pediatric endoscopy sedation Ketamine Arab

Function of longitudinal vs circular muscle fibers in esophageal peristalsis, deduced with mathematical modeling

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2007年第9期13卷 1335-1346页

作者： James G Brasseur mark A Nicosia Anupam Pal Larry s Miller Department of Mechanical Engineering Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity Park PA 16802United States Department of Mechanical Engineering Widener University ChesterPA 19013 United States Department of Biological sciences & Bio-engineering Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur UP 208016 India Department of Gastroenterology Temple University Medical CenterPhiladelphiaPA 19140United States

We summarize from previous works the functions of circular vs. longitudinal muscle in esophageal peristaltic bolus transport using a mix of experimental data, the conservation laws of mechanics and mathematical modeling. Whereas circular muscle tone generates radial closure pressure to create a local peristaltic closure wave, longitudinal muscle tone has two functions, one physiological with mechanical implications, and one purely mechanical. Each of these functions independently reduces the tension of individual circular muscle fibers to maintain closure as a consequence of shortening of longitudinal muscle locally coordinated with increasing circular muscle tone. The physiological function is deduced by combining basic laws of mechanics with concurrent measurements of intraluminal pressure from manometry, and changes in cross sectional muscle area from endoluminal ultrasound from which local longitudinal shortening (LLs) can be accurately obtained. The purely mechanical function of LLs was discovered from mathematical modeling of peristaltic esophageal transport with the axial wall motion generated by LLs. Physiologically, LLs concentrates circular muscle fibers where closure pressure is highest. However, the mechanical function of LLs is to reduce the level of pressure required to maintain closure. The combined physiological and mechanical consequences of LLs are to reduce circular muscle fiber tension and power by as much as 1/10 what would be requiredfor peristalsis without the longitudinal muscle layer, a tremendous benefit that may explain the existence of longitudinal muscle fiber in the gut. We also review what is understood of the role of longitudinal muscle in esophageal emptying, reflux and pathology.

关键词： Esophagus Longitudinal muscle Circular muscle Longitudinal shortening Peristalsis

Daoism and the German Mission in Martin Heidegger's“The Thing”

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Frontiers of Philosophy in China 2019年第4期14卷 570-592页

作者： mark Kevin s.Cabural Division of Humanities Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong KongChina

In this article,I examine Martin Heidegger’s 1950 lecture/essay“The Thing”(Das Ding)in two ***,as a piece influenced by chapter 11 of the *** second,as a postwar writing which can be interpreted vis-a-vis the Black Notebooks and his other *** are instances in“The Thing”which are analogous to his statements found in the Black Notebooks and his other writings which describe and clarify his controversial political *** brief,I suggest here that Heidegger’s articulation of the concept of wu 無 of chapter 11 of the Daodejing as the void of the jug in“The Thing”may potentially describe his controversial engagement with German National socialism as part of his response to the call for German ***,the fundamentality of the void of the jug is comparable to the exclusivity and exceptionality of the Germans in their mission;and the use of the void of the jug as outpouring is an interesting way to emphasize his disagreement with the regime by pointing out that his support to German National socialism is not to the extent of brutally annihilating the Jews.

关键词： Martin Heidegger Daodejing German mission nothing void emptiness

A comparative study of the mechanical properties, fracture behavior, creep, and shrinkage of chemically based self-consolidating concrete

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Frontiers of structural and Civil Engineering 2014年第1期8卷 36-45页

作者： Mahdi AREZOUMANDI mark EZZELL Jeffery s VOLZ Department of Civil Architectural and Environmental Engineering Missouri University of Science and Technology Missouri MO 65409 USA U s Army Corps of Engineers 1222 Spruce St. St. Louis Missouri MO 63103 USA school of Civil Engineering and Environmental science University of Oklahoma Norman OK 73019-1024 USA

This study presents the results of an experimental investigation that compares the mechanical properties, fracture behavior, creep, and shrinkage of a chemically-based self-consolidating concrete （sCC） mix with that of a corresponding conventional concrete （CC） mix. The CC and sCC mix designs followed conventional proportioning in terms of aggregate type and content, cement content, air content, water-cementitiuos materials （w/cm） ratio, and workability. Then, using only chemical admixtures, the authors converted the CC mix to an sCC mix with all of the necessary passing, filling, flowability, and stability requirements typically found in sCC. The high fluidity was achieved with a polycarboxylate-based high-range water-reducing admixture, while the enhanced stability was accomplished with an organic, polymer-based viscosity-modifying admixture. The comparison indicated that the sCC and CC mixes had virtually identical tensile splitting strengths, flexural strengths, creep, and shrinkage. However, the sCC mix showed higher compressive strengths and fracture energies than the corresponding CC mix.

关键词： admixture conventional concrete (CC) creep fracture mechanic mechanical Properties self-consolidatingconcrete (sCC) shrinkage

Predicting excavation damage zone depths in brittle rocks

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2016年第1期8卷 60-74页

作者： Matthew A.Perras mark s.Diederichs Queen’s University Miller Hall36 Union StreetKingstonOntarioK7L 3N6Canada swiss Federal Institute of Technology Sonneggstrasse 5ZurichCH-8092Switzerland

During the construction of an underground excavation, damage occurs in the surrounding rock mass due in large part to stress changes. While the predicted damage extent impacts profile selection and support design, the depth of damage is a critical aspect for the design of permeability sensitive excavations, such as a deep geological repository(DGR) for nuclear waste. Review of literature regarding the depth of excavation damage zones(EDZs) indicates three zones are common and typically related to stress induced damage. Based on past developments related to brittle damage prediction using continuum modelling, the depth of the EDZs has been examined numerically. One method to capture stress induced damage in conventional engineering software is the damage initiation and spalling limit(DIsL) approach. The variability of depths predicted using the DIsL approach has been evaluated and guidelines are suggested for determining the depth of the EDZs around circular excavations in brittle rock masses. Of the inputs evaluated, it was found that the tensile strength produces the greatest variation in the depth of the EDZs. The results were evaluated statistically to determine the best fit relation between the model inputs and the depth of the EDZs. The best correlation and least variation were found for the outer EDZ and the highly damaged zone(HDZ) showed the greatest variation. Predictive equations for different EDZs have been suggested and the maximum numerical EDZ depths, represented by the 68% prediction interval, agreed well with the empirical evidence. This suggests that the numerical limits can be used for preliminary depth prediction of the EDZs in brittle rock for circular excavations.

关键词： Excavation damage zones(EDZs) Deep geological repository(DGR) Empirical depth prediction Numerical depth prediction Damage depth sensitivity Damage initiation and spalling limit(DIsL)

Robotics-The answer to the Achilles' heel of VATs pulmonary resection

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Chinese Journal of Cancer Research 2012年第4期24卷 259-260页

作者： mark R.Dylewski Richard s.Lazzaro Thoracic and Robotic surgery Baptist Health of South FloridaFlorida33143USA Chief Division of Thoracic SurgeryLenox Hill HospitalNorth Shore LIJ Health SystemNYUSA

During the past decade, robotic surgical systems have been increasingly utilized to perform highly complex surgical procedures. In fact, the robotic-assisted approach to the treatment of many gynecological and urological surgical procedures has become the standard-of-care. The use of robotic surgical system in thoracic surgery is in its early development. Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery （VATs） was propelled forward in the early 1990＇s without full appreciation for long-term consequences, increased cost or therapeutic benefit. The trend in robotic-assisted thoracic surgery is projected to surpass the adoption of VATs and to mirror that of other robotic surgical subspecialties.

关键词： LOBECTOMY

Montezuma's revenge-the sequel: The one-hundred year anniversary of the first description of “post-infectious” irritable bowel syndrome

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2018年第45期24卷 5076-5080页

作者： mark s Riddle Patrick Connor Chad K Porter Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics Uniformed Services University Military Enteric Disease Group Department of Military Medicine Royal Centre for Defence Medicine Birmingham Research Park Department of Enteric Diseases Naval Medical Research Center

One-hundred years have passed since the original description of the commonly described phenomenon of persistent abdominal symptoms being triggered by an acute enteric infection. This first account was generated out of astute observations by sir Arthur Hurst in World War I. Additional descriptions followed from military and non-military practitioners adding the evidence which has transitioned this recognized condition from association to causation. While mechanistic understanding is an area of active pursuit, this historical accounting of a centuries progress highlights important advances and contributions of military medicine and scientists to advances benefiting global populations.

关键词： Post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome Medical history Military medicine Gastroenteritis Travelers’diarrhea Functional gastrointestinal disorder Bacterial diarrhea

Overlapping community detection combining content and link

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Journal of Zhejiang University-science C(Computers and Electronics) 2012年第11期13卷 828-839页

作者： Zhou-zhou HE Zhong-fei(mark)ZHANG Philip s.YU Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Information Network Technology Department of Information Science and Electronic EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027China Department of Computer science University of Illinois at ChicagoIL 60607USA

In classic community detection, it is assumed that communities are exclusive, in the sense of either soft clustering or hard clustering. It has come to attention in the recent literature that many real-world problems violate this assumption, and thus overlapping community detection has become a hot research topic. The existing work on this topic uses either content or link information, but not both of them. In this paper, we deal with the issue of overlapping community detection by combining content and link information. We develop an effective solution called subgraph overlapping clustering (sOC) and evaluate this new approach in comparison with several peer methods in the literature that use either content or link information. The evaluations demonstrate the effectiveness and promise of sOC in dealing with large scale real datasets.

关键词： Overlapping Content Link Community detection