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Development of high damage threshold laser-machined apodizers and gain filters for laser applications

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High Power laser Science and Engineering 2016年第3期4卷 113-119页

作者： Patrick Rambo Jens Schwarz mark Kimmel John l.Porter Sandia National laboratories

We have developed high damage threshold filters to modify the spatial profile of a high energy laser beam. The filters are formed by laser ablation of a transmissive window. The ablation sites constitute scattering centers which can be filtered in a subsequent spatial filter. By creating the filters in dielectric materials, we see an increased laser-induced damage threshold from previous filters created using ‘metal on glass' lithography.

关键词： apodization laser beam shaping laser micro-machining spatial filtering

Reactivity of Pyrogenic Carbonaceous Matter (PCM) in mediating environmental reactions: Current knowledge and future trends

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2020年第5期14卷 115-125页

作者： Wenqing Xu mark lSegall Zhao li Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Villanova UniversityVillanovaPA 19085USA

Pyrogenic Carbonaceous Matter(PCM;e.g.,black carbon,biochar,and activated carbon)are solid residues from incomplete combustion of fussil fuel or *** are traditionally viewed as inert adsorbents for sequestering contaminants from the aqueous phase or providing surfaces for microbes to *** this account,we reviewed the recently discovered reactivity of PCM in promoting both chemical and microbial synergies that are important in pollutant transformation,biogeochemical processes of redox-active elements,and climate change mitigation with respect to the interaction between biochar and nitrous oxide(N2O).Moreover,we focused on our group's work in the PCM-enhanced abiotic transformation of nitrogenous and halogenated pollutants and conducted in-depth analysis of the reaction *** understand what properties of PCM confer its reactivity,our group pioneered the use of PCM-like polymers,namely conjugated microporous polymers(CMPs),to mimic the performance of *** approach allows for the controlled incorporation of specific surface properties(e.g.,quinones)into the polymer network during the polymer *** a result,the relationship between specific characteristics of PCM and its reactivity in facilitating the decay of a model pollutant was systematically studied in our group's *** findings summarized in this account help us to better understand an overlooked environmental process where PCM synergistically interacts with various environmental reagents such as hydrogen sulfide and ***,the knowledge gained in these studies could inform the design of a new generation of reactive carbonaceous materials with tailored properties that are highly efficient in contaminant removal.

关键词： Pyrogenic carbonaceous matter Conjugated microporous polymer Remediation Biochar Hydrolysis Pollutant degradation

HDl signaling and protection against coronary artery atherosclerosis in mice

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The Journal of Biomedical Research 2016年第2期30卷 94-100页

作者： Bernardo l Trigatti mark Fuller Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences McMaster University and Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research InstituteMcMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences

Atherosclerosis is a leading underlying factor in cardiovascular disease and stroke,important causes of morbidity and mortality across the *** epidemiological studies demonstrate that high levels of high density lipoprotein（HDl） are associated with reduced risk of atherosclerosis and preclinical,animal model studies demonstrate that this association is *** the molecular mechanisms underlying the protective effects of HDl will allow more strategic approaches to development of HDl based *** evidence suggests that an important aspect of the ability of HDl to protect against atherosclerosis is its ability to trigger signaling responses in a variety of target cells including endothelial cells and macrophages in the vessel *** signaling responses require the HDl receptor,scavenger receptor class B type 1（SR-B1）,an adaptor protein（PDZK1） that binds to the cytosolic C terminus of SR-B1,Akt1 activation and（at least in endothelial cells） activation of endothelial NO synthase（eNOS）.Mouse models of atherosclerosis,exemplified by apolipoprotein E or low density lipoprotein receptor gene inactivated mice（apoE or lDlR KO） develop atherosclerosis in their aortas but appear generally resistant to coronary artery *** the other hand,inactivation of each of the components of HDl signaling（above）in either apoE or lDlR KO mice renders them susceptible to extensive coronary artery atherosclerosis suggesting that HDl signaling may play an important role in protection against coronary artery disease.

关键词： coronary artery disease high density lipoprotein myocardial infarction scavenger receptor class B type 1

Groups with One or Two Super-Brauer Character Theories

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Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series 2020年第4期36卷 379-394页

作者： Xiao You CHEN mark llEWIS College of Science Henan University of TechnologyZhengzhou 450001P.R.China Department of Mathematical Sciences Kent State UniversityKent 44242USA

A super-Brauer character theory of a group G and a prime p is a pair consisting of a partition of the irreducible p-Brauer characters and a partition of the p-regular elements of G that satisfy certain *** classify the groups and primes that have exactly one super-Brauer character *** discuss the groups with exactly two super-Brauer character theories.

关键词： Super character theory super-Brauer character theory Brauer characters

Developmental ecology of the American horseshoe crab limulus polyphemus

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Current Zoology 2010年第5期56卷 550-562页

作者： mark l.BOTTON Richard A.TANKERSlEY Robert E.lOVElAND Department of Natural Sciences Fordham University Department of Biological Sciences Florida Institute of Technology Department of Ecology Evolution and Natural Resources Rutgers University

During spawning events, horseshoe crab eggs are released from the female＇s oviducts, and fertilized by one or more males. Eggs are shaped by the female into discrete clutches deposited in nests at depths of 10-20 cm on intertidal estuarine beaches. Distinguishing between fxesh eggs and the early developmental stages is obfuscated by the large amount of dense, opaque yolk. The first unambiguous confirmation of development is the formation of the rudimentary prosomatie appendages at the ＂limb bud＂ stage. Several days thereafter, the outer chorion is shed and the developing embryo expands and undergoes a series of molts within the clear inner egg membrane. The trilobite （first iustar） stage thus attained may remain within the beach sedi- ments for several more weeks, until hatching is facilitated by environmental factors such as hydration, agitation, and osmotic shock that accompany the infiltration of seawater into the nests. Trilobites exhibit endogenous eirgatidal swimming rhythms that are entrained by mechanical agitation, suggesting that peaks in larval swimming are timed to coincide with periods of high water and the inundation of the nests. larval swimming is limited and does not appear to result in long-distance dispersal. The limited dispersal of the larvae has important implications for the population dynamics of relatively isolated populations. The rate of larval development is highly plastic and is influenced by temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, and the presence of pollutants. The broad environmental tolerances of horseshoe crab embryos and larvae are important in understanding their current geographic distribution and their evolutionary persistence

关键词： Horseshoe crab limulus Development Embryo larval dispersal

To Die or Not to Die： Zhuangzi＇s Three Immortalities

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Frontiers of Philosophy in China 2015年第3期10卷 380-414页

作者： mark l. Farrugia Department of Philosophy Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China

While it is known that the problem of death is a central topic animating the author/s of the Inner Chapters of the Zhuangzi, leading Chinese and Western interpretations of this Chinese classic have usually focused much more on other themes and aspects. Even more problematic in the author＇s view is the fact that the Zhuangzi has been closely associated with one death philosophy, the set of concepts, arguments and figures present in chapter 6. This study puts death back at the very center of the Zhuangzian philosophical project yet insisting at the same time on the difficulties of defending one philosophy of death since different passages introduce new concepts, imagery, nuances and perspectives. The Zhuangzi＇s focus on death is being situated within a discussion of the ＂immortality＂ ideal--accepting a total death （＂to die＂） or find refuge in immortality ideals （＂not to die＂）. Different passages from the Inner Chapters are being presented as proposing three distinct immortality projects or strategies--personal, social and cosmic--to address the problem of death. E. Becker＇s reflections on the challenge of mortality and the psychological need of a ＂beyond＂ in order to cope with the consciousness of death provide the basic theoretical framework underlying the discussion of the Zhuangzi in this essay.

关键词： Zhuangzi Inner Chapters death personal immortality socialimmortality cosmic immortality

Efficacy of equine-assisted psychotherapy in veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder

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Journal of Integrative Medicine 2019年第1期17卷 14-19页

作者： l.Elisabeth Burton Fares Qeadan mark R.Burge College of Nursing University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center Department of Internal Medicine/Epidemiology Biostatistics & Preventive Medicine University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center Department of Internal Medicine/Endocrinology University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center

Background: Posttraumatic stress disorder(PTSD) is a common and debilitating disorder among war veterans. Although complementary and alternative therapies are gaining acceptance in the treatment of PTSD, the efficacy of animal-based therapies in this disorder is unknown. The goal of equine-assisted psychotherapy(EAP) is to improve the social, emotional, and/or cognitive functions of individuals with ***: This study aims to explore the effects of EAP on PTSD symptoms. We hypothesized that veterans with PTSD who participate in a standardized EAP program for 1 h per week for 6 weeks would experience decreased PTSD symptoms and would demonstrate increased resilience as compared with individuals who do not receive EAP ***, setting, participants and interventions: We conducted a sequentially assigned, two-arm parallel group trial comparing 6 weeks of EAP with standard, previously established, ongoing PTSD *** was conducted at a community EAP facility in conjunction with an academic University Hospital. Twenty adult veterans with symptomatic PTSD completed the study. Ten adult veterans with previously diagnosed PTSD were assigned to EAP and received directed interaction with trained horses for one hour a week in groups of 3 or 4 individuals, while also continuing their previously established therapies. A certified therapist supervised the sessions, and a professional horse handler was also *** were compared with those from 10 adult veterans who only received their standard previously established PTSD care as prescribed by their *** outcome measures: Changes in salivary cortisol, scores for the PTSD Check list-Military Version(PCl-M) and the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale(CD-RISC) after 6 weeks of study were ***: Of the 20 enrolled patients, 10 served in Afghanistan, 5 served in Iraq, and 3 served in Vietnam. Subjects were(47 ± 14) years old, were predominantly male, and had a body mass index of(29

关键词： Posttraumatic stress disorder Military veterans Alternative therapy Equine-assisted psychotherapy Clinical trial

Differential effects of short term winter thermal stress on diapausing tiger swallowtail butterflies （Papilio spp.）

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Insect Science 2012年第3期19卷 277-285页

作者： J. mark Scriber Emily Maher Matthew l. Aardema Department of Entomology Michigan State University East Lansing MI McGuire Center for lepidoptera and Biodiversity Florida Museum of Natural History University of Florida Gainesville FL Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Princeton University Princeton N J USA

It is generally thought that insects inhabiting lower latitudes are more severely impacted by changes in their thermal environment than are high latitude species. This is attributed to the wider range of temperatures to which high-latitude species are exposed. By contrast, low-latitude species have typically evolved in more thermally stable environments with a narrower range of temperature variation. However, deviation from this pattern can occur and here we report that under variable winter conditions a higher latitude species may be more sensitive to thermal variation than its lower latitude sister species. Using split broods, we examined the survival and adult emergence success of diapausing pupae of Papilio canadensis and P. glaucus, as well as a unique, recombinant hybrid population （＂late-flight＂） to short periods of mid-winter cold and heat stress. Our results indicate that the higher latitude, univoltine populations （P. canadensis and late-flights） exhibit lower pupal survival than the lower latitude, facultative diapauser （P. glaucus） for all mid-winter thermal stress treatments, both high and low. Size differences alone do not appear to account for the observed differences in survival or metabolic costs in these three pheno- types, as late-flight individuals are similar in size to R glaucus. We attribute the observed differences in survival and weight loss to potential metabolic differences and variation in the intensity of diapause, in addition to divergent adaptation to winter precipitation levels （e.g. snow cover） and the influences this may have on microhabitat temperature moderation.

关键词： climate change developmental threshold incipient hybrid species metabolic cost Papilionidae post-diapause delays thermal stress

Upper and lower Bounds of Table Sums

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Algebra Colloquium 2021年第4期28卷 555-560页

作者： Xiaoyou Chen mark l.lewis Hung P.Tong-Viet School of Sciences Henan University of TechnologyZhengzhou 450001China Department of Mathematical Sciences Kent State UniversityKentOH 44242USA Department of Mathematical Sciences Binghamton University 4400 Vestal Parkway EastBinghamtonNY 13902-6000USA

For a group G,we produce upper and lower bounds for the sum of the entries of the Brauer character table of G and the projective indecomposable character table of *** G is aπ-separable group,we show that the sum of the entries in the table of Isaacs'partial characters is a real number,and we obtain upper and lower bounds for this sum.

关键词： character table Brauer characters projective indecomposable characters π-paxtial characters