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Glycemic variability:Importance,relationship with physical activity,and the influence of exercise

Sports Medicine and Health Science 2021年第4期3卷 183-193页

作者： Joshua R.Sparks erin e.Kishman mark A.Sarzynski J.mark Davis Peter W.Grandjean J.Larry Durstine Xuewen Wang Reproductive endocrinology and Women's Health Laboratory Pennington Biomedical Research CenterLouisiana State UniversityBaton RougeLAUnited States Department of exercise Science Noman J.Arnold School of Public HealthUniversity of South CarolinaColumbiaSCUnited States Department of Health Exercise Scienceand Recreation ManagementSchool of Applied SciencesUniversity of MississippiOxfordMSUnited States

Glycemic variability is a more sensitive assessment of glycemic health as opposed to traditional clinical *** considers all blood glucose concentrations over a given period to better account for glucose oscil-lations that occur and provides clinicians with insight into how individuals regulate and/or maintain their glycemic *** advancement of continuous glucose monitoring(CGM)allows for the measurement of free-living glucose concentrations while providing a more reliable assessment of treatment of dysregulated *** coupled with management of lifestyle behavioral factors,such as reduced sedentary behavior and increased physical activity and regular exercise,potentially offers a previously untapped method for promoting improved glycemic health through greater regulation of glucose *** aim of this review is to critically evaluate the evidence regarding the measurement of glycemic variability and summarize the current under-standing of the relationship between glycemic variability,sedentary behavior,physical activity,the influence of a single exercise session or repeated exercise sessions,and exercise *** review considers information pertaining to the strengths and limitations for measuring glycemic variability and provides insight into future study designs aimed at evaluating the relationship between sedentary behavior and physical activity with,as well as the influence of exercise on,glycemic variability as a primary outcome.

关键词： Continuous glucose monitoring(CGM) exercise Glycemic control Glycemic variability Physical activity

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Containerization of Grain: emergence of a New Supply Chain market

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Journal of Transportation Technologies 2015年第2期5卷 55-68页

作者： Barry e. Prentice mark Hemmes I. H. Asper School of Business University of Manitoba Winnipeg Canada Quorum Corporation Edmonton Canada

The containerized shipment of freight continues to grow rapidly. This development can be traced to a transformation of bulk and break-bulk service to containerization. Demand has been driven by opportunities to broaden logistical options as well as advantageous freight rates. Logisticians and policy makers are unsure how much more bulk traffic can be converted to containerization, but the trends are evident. Of particular interest is grain. Bulk grain handlers have successfully resisted the conversion of grain shipping to containerization, except on the North American-Asian traffic lanes and the Australian-Asian traffic lanes where growth has been significant. This paper reviews the theoretical case for grain containerization from a logistics perspective, followed by an examination of the current trends in the United States and Canada. Subsequently, the analysis considers the restrictions and resistance to the conversion of grain from bulk shipping to containerization.

关键词： Containerization Grain Agricultural Logistics Transportation

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efficient C-N Formation for Preparing α-Branched Primary Amines by Recycled Intramolecular Reactions of 1,8-Naphthosultone Using Ammonia as Nitrogen Source

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Chinese Journal of Chemical engineering 2014年第4期22卷 405-410页

作者：周新锐陈洁曾小萍刘季红 Istvan e. markó State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals Dalian University of Technology Laboratory of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Université catholique de Louvain Place Louis Pasteur 1 B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve Belgium

Amination of tertiary and secondary alcohols using aqueous ammonia as nitrogen source was carried out by a process with recyclable intramolecular reaction of 1,8-naphthosultone, which lead to α-branched primary amines. Sulfonic resin serves as the heterogeneous catalyst for C N bond formation and protects the neighboring hydroxyl group until the required hydrolysis starts in the alkaline solution. The process can be conducted under mild conditions, no additional solvent is needed and no overreaction to secondary or tertiary amines occurs.

关键词： α-branched primary amine 1 8-naphthosultone ammonia

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Ashland Specialty lngredients亚什兰特种配料

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中国食品添加剂 2013年第S1期24卷 240-242页

作者： mark e Hines

lmproved yields and reduced costs in processed meats with Ashland Specialty lngredients food grade polymers.关于亚什兰特种配料食品级聚合物改善加工类肉制品得率以及降低成本的研究Ashland Specialty lngredients(ASI)has dem... 详细信息

关键词：加工类兰特肉制品生产 PVPP 法兰克福香肠 processed 降低成本原料肉多酚物质 costs

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Phase Invariant Proper Orthogonal Decomposition for the Study of a Compressed Vortex

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Journal of Thermal Science 2005年第2期14卷 108-113页

作者： Julien MOReAU mark FOGLeMAN G.CHARNAY J.BORee Institut de Mécanique des Fluides UMR CNRS/INPT-UPS 5502 Allée du Pr Soula 31400 Toulouse FranceCornell University IthacaNew York 14853U.S.A.Institut de Mécanique des Fluides UMR CNRS/INPT-UPS 5502 Allée du Pr Soula 31400 ToulouseFranceLEA ENSMA UMR 6609 CNRS Futuroscope France

We propose here an experimental investigation of a vortex submitted to a radial perturbation while being compressed. This experiment reproduces a model situation of the complex flows that take place in a real engine cylinder. An isolated tumbling flow is first submitted to an injection of fluid and then compressed and measurements are realised by Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV). The Proper Orthogonal Decomposition is known to be an unbiased method to identify the coherent structures of turbulent flows. It is possible to make this decomposition for a given phase or to create a set of basis functions with the whole set of compression stroke velocity ***, the experimental set-up will be presented, then the second part provides the POD principle. Results of phased POD decomposition of the compression of the unperturbated vortex will be presented. Finally results from the time invariant POD will be discussed to study the influence of the jet perturbation in the compression of a vortex.

关键词： turbulence POD PIV cycle to cycle fluctuations.

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Manifold learning of four-dimensional scanning transmission electron microscopy

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npj Computational Materials 2019年第1期5卷 1097-1104页

作者： Xin Li Ondrej e.Dyck mark P.Oxley Andrew R.Lupini Leland McInnes John Healy Stephen Jesse Sergei V.Kalinin Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTN 37831USA Institute for Functional Imaging of Materials Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTN 37831USA Tutte Institute for Mathematics and Computing OttawaCanada

Four-dimensional scanning transmission electron microscopy(4D-STeM)of local atomic diffraction patterns is emerging as a powerful technique for probing intricate details of atomic structure and atomic electric ***,efficient processing and interpretation of large volumes of data remain challenging,especially for two-dimensional or light materials because the diffraction signal recorded on the pixelated arrays is *** we employ data-driven manifold leaning approaches for straightforward visualization and exploration analysis of 4D-STeM datasets,distilling real-space neighboring effects on atomically resolved deflection patterns from single-layer graphene,with single dopant atoms,as recorded on a pixelated *** extracted patterns relate to both individual atom sites and sublattice structures,effectively discriminating single dopant anomalies via multimode *** believe manifold learning analysis will accelerate physics discoveries coupled between data-rich imaging mechanisms and materials such as ferroelectric,topological spin,and van der Waals heterostructures.

关键词： manifold straight details

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Update on the 2nd Bioactive Materials editorial Board Meeting

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Bioactive Materials 2017年第4期2卷 287-288页

作者： mark P.Staiger University of Canterbury E512Civil/MechanicalPrivate Bag 4800Christchurch 8140New Zealand

Following on from the 1st editorial Board Meeting of Bioactive Materials(held April 2017,Minneapolis USA),the 2nd editorial Board Meeting was held on the 28th August 2017 during the 9th Symposium on Biodegradable Metals for Biomedical Applications(http://***).(see Figs.1 and 2)The Symposiumwas held in Bertinoro Italy(emilie-Romagne region),80 km southeast of *** year the Symposium attracts^150 participants working in the field of biodegradable metallic biomaterials,mainly based on Mg,Fe and Zn,with^50 oral presentations and 90 posters delivered at the 9th Symposium by participants from 22 *** were organised into a range of topics including metallurgy(alloying and processing,coatings,material properties,and corrosion),research concerned with testing in vitro and in vivo,and other important aspects of biological characterisation.

关键词： alloying corrosion southeast

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HDL signaling and protection against coronary artery atherosclerosis in mice

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The Journal of Biomedical Research 2016年第2期30卷 94-100页

作者： Bernardo L Trigatti mark Fuller Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences McMaster University and Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research InstituteMcMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences

Atherosclerosis is a leading underlying factor in cardiovascular disease and stroke,important causes of morbidity and mortality across the *** epidemiological studies demonstrate that high levels of high density lipoprotein（HDL） are associated with reduced risk of atherosclerosis and preclinical,animal model studies demonstrate that this association is *** the molecular mechanisms underlying the protective effects of HDL will allow more strategic approaches to development of HDL based *** evidence suggests that an important aspect of the ability of HDL to protect against atherosclerosis is its ability to trigger signaling responses in a variety of target cells including endothelial cells and macrophages in the vessel *** signaling responses require the HDL receptor,scavenger receptor class B type 1（SR-B1）,an adaptor protein（PDZK1） that binds to the cytosolic C terminus of SR-B1,Akt1 activation and（at least in endothelial cells） activation of endothelial NO synthase（eNOS）.Mouse models of atherosclerosis,exemplified by apolipoprotein e or low density lipoprotein receptor gene inactivated mice（apoe or LDLR KO） develop atherosclerosis in their aortas but appear generally resistant to coronary artery *** the other hand,inactivation of each of the components of HDL signaling（above）in either apoe or LDLR KO mice renders them susceptible to extensive coronary artery atherosclerosis suggesting that HDL signaling may play an important role in protection against coronary artery disease.

关键词： coronary artery disease high density lipoprotein myocardial infarction scavenger receptor class B type 1

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Metabolic Factorsin Fatigue

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中国运动医学杂志 2006年第4期25卷 481-486页

作者： mark Hargreaves Department of PhysiologyThe University of Melbourne Victoria Australia Ph.D. FACSM

KeY POINTSSustained production of muscular force during exercise depends on the generation of chemical energy (ATP) by nonoxidative (anaerobic) and oxidative ( aerobic) metabolism. Fatigue develops when the compounds needed to produce ATP are depleted or whe n by-products of metabolism accumulate in muscle. These metabolic changes can cause fatigue by acting on nerve processes that a ctivate muscles. Both central and peripheral nervous systems may be impaired. Reductions in muscle levels of ATP, phosphocreatine, and glycogen, and low bl ood glucose availability can impair skeletal muscle performance. Low blood gluco se can also adversely affect central nervous system function. Increases in intramuscular levels of magnesium, ADP, inorganic phosphate, hyd rogen ion, and reactive oxygen species can impair muscle function. Increased amm onia and hyperthermia can also contribute to fatigue, probably via effects on th e central nervous system. Appropriate training programs and nutritional interventions enhance fatigue r esistance and exercise performance by improving the ability of the muscles to su stain ATP production.

关键词：疲劳代谢因子 ATP 肌肉

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Towards Quantitatively Understanding the Complexity of Social-ecological Systems——From Connection to Consilience

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2017年第4期8卷 343-356页

作者： Xiao-Bing Hu Peijun Shi Ming Wang Tao Ye mark S.Leeson Sander e.van der Leeuw Jianguo Wu Ortwin Renn Carlo Jaeger State Key Laboratory of earth Surface Processes and Resource ecology Beijing Normal University Academy of Disaster Reduction and emergency Management Beijing Normal University School of engineering University of Warwick Key Laboratory of environmental Change and Natural Disaster Ministry of Education Beijing Normal University ASU-SFI Center for Biosocial Complex Systems Arizona State University School of Life Sciences and School of Sustainability Arizona State University Stuttgart Research Center for Interdisciplinary Risk and Innovation Studies University of Stuttgart Global Climate Forum

The complexity of social-ecological systems(SeS) is rooted in the outcomes of node activities connected by network topology. Thus far, in network dynamics research, the connectivity degree(CND), indicating how many nodes are connected to a given node, has been the dominant concept. However, connectivity focuses only on network topology, neglecting the crucial relation to node activities, and thereby leaving system outcomes largely unexplained. Inspired by the phenomenon of ‘‘consensus of wills and coordination of activities' ' often observed in disaster risk management, we propose a new concept of network characteristic, the consilience degree(CSD),aiming to measure the way in which network topology and node activities together contribute to system outcomes. The CSD captures the fact that nodes may assume different states that make their activities more or less *** two nodes with in/compatible states will lead to outcomes that are un/desirable from the perspective of the SeS in question. We mathematically prove that the CSD is a generalized CND, and the CND is a special case of CSD. As a general, fundamental concept, the CSD can facilitate the development of a new framework of network properties, models, and theories that allows us to understand patterns of network behavior that cannot be explained in terms of connectivity alone. We further demonstrate that a co-evolutionary mechanism can naturally improve the CSD. Given the generality of co-evolution in SeS, we argue that the CSD is an inherent attribute rather than an artificial concept, which underpins the fundamental importance of the CSD to the study of SeS.

关键词： Complex networks Consilience degree Co-evolution Disaster risk reduction Social-ecological systems

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