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Antimicrobial resistance in clinically important biofilms

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World Journal of Pharmacology 2015年第1期4卷 31-46页

作者： Fatemeh Rafii mark e Hart Division of Microbiology National Center for Toxicological ResearchFDA

A biofilm contains a consortium of cohesive bacterial cells forming a complex structure that is a sedentary, but dynamic, community. Biofilms adhere on biotic and abiotic surfaces, including the surfaces of practically all medical devices. Biofilms are reported to be responsible for approximately 60% of nosocomial infections due to implanted medical devices, such as intravenous catheters, and they also cause other foreign-body infections and chronic infections. The presence of biofilm on a medical device may result in the infection of surrounding tissues and failure of the device, necessitating the removal and replacement ofthe device. Bacteria from biofilms formed on medical devices may be released and disperse, with the potential for the formation of new biofilms in other locations and the development of a systemic infection. Regardless of their location, bacteria in biofilms are tolerant of the activities of the immune system, antimicrobial agents, and antiseptics. Concentrations of antimicrobial agents sufficient to eradicate planktonic cells have no effect on the same microorganism in a biofilm. Depending on the microbial consortium or component of the biofilm that is involved, various combinations of factors have been suggested to explain the recalcitrant nature of biofilms toward killing by antibiotics. In this mini-review, some of the factors contributing to antimicrobial resistance in biofilms are discussed.

关键词： Biofilm Bacteria Antimicrobial agent Medical devices Nosocomial infections Resistance

Canadian children’s and youth’s adherence to the 24-h movement guidelines during the COVID-19 pandemic: A decision tree analysis

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2020年第4期9卷 313-321页

作者： Michelle D.Guerrero Leigh M.Vanderloo Ryan e.Rhodes Guy Faulkner Sarah A.Moore mark S.Tremblay Children’s Hospital of eastern Ontario Research Institute OttawaON K1H 8L1Canada ParticipACTION TorontoON M5S 1M2Canada Child Health and evaluative Sciences Hospital for Sick ChildrenTorontoON M5G 0A4Canada Behavioral Medicine Laboratory School of Exercise SciencePhysical and Health EducationUniversity of VictoriaVictoriaBC V8W 2Y2Canada School of Kinesiology University of British ColumbiaVancouverBC V6T 1Z1Canada Department of Therapeutic Recreation Faculty of ChildFamilyand Community StudiesDouglas CollegeCoquitlamBC V3B 7X3Canada School of Health and Human Performance Dalhousie UniversityHalifaxNS B3H 4R2Canada Department of Pediatrics University of OttawaOttawaON K1H 8L1Canada

Purpose:The purpose of this study was to use decision tree modeling to generate profiles of children and youth who were more and less likely to meet the Canadian 24-h movement guidelines during the coronavirus disease-2019(COVID-19)***:Data for this study were from a nationally representative sample of 1472 Canadian parents(Meanage=45.12,SD=7.55)of children(511 years old)or youth(1217 years old).Data were collected in April 2020 via an online *** items assessed demographic,behavioral,social,micro-environmental,and macro-environmental *** decision trees of adherence and non-adherence to all movement recommendations combined and each individual movement recommendation(physical activity(PA),screen time,and sleep)were ***:Results revealed specific combinations of adherence and non-adherence *** associated with adherence to the recommendation(s)included high parental perceived capability to restrict screen time,annual household income ofCAD 100,000,increases in children’s and youth’s outdoor PA/sport since the COVID-19 outbreak began,being a boy,having parents younger than 43 years old,and small increases in children’s and youth’s sleep duration since the COVID-19 outbreak *** associated with non-adherence to the recommendation(s)included low parental perceived capability to restrict screen time,youth aged 1217 years,decreases in children’s and youth’s outdoor PA/sport since the COVID-19 outbreak began,primary residences located in all provinces except Quebec,low parental perceived capability to support children’s and youth’s sleep and PA,and annual household income ofCAD 99,***:Our results show that specific characteristics interact to contribute to(non)adherence to the movement behavior *** highlight the importance of targeting parents’perceived capability for the promotion of children’s and youth’s movement behaviors during challengin

关键词： Decision tree analysis Parental perceived capability Physical activity Screen time Sleep

Inter-annual variation of streamflow,precipitation and evaporation in a small humid watershed(Chengcun Basin,China)

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Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2014年第2期32卷 455-468页

作者： mark AMO-BOATeNG 李致家管仪庆 College of Hydrology and Water Resources Hohai University

For sustainable water resource management,it is important to determine the relationship between streamfl ow and other variables that infl uence availability of water ***,many catchments do not have suffi cient data to allow for a more detailed study of these *** faced a similar challenge in the Chengcun Basin(limited historical data: from 1986–1999); and therefore we used a new approach to overcome *** found that,using nonparametric trend methods in conjunction with the climate elasticity analyses and the 2D visualization of hydrologic data,it is possible to assess the relationships between streamfl ow and other hydro-climatic *** the past,streamfl ow trends in the basin were more correlated with precipitation than with potential evapotranspiration(PeT).In addition,there is a gradual shift in the hydrological regime of the catchment,which may affect the occurrence of available water resources and activities that depend on *** addition,based on our climate sensitivity analyses,the streamfl ow is dependent and more sensitive to variations in precipitation than to PeT(δQ=0.79δP+0.42δe; precipitation elasticity,ε P=1.32; PeT elasticity,ε e=-2.10).Therefore pending more detailed studies,the use of our approach will provide a rapid means to assess the variation of water resources(streamfl ow)in a *** the future,we hope to carry out related research in other watersheds and also perform a more detailed studies to improve upon the results of this study.

关键词： trend Mann-Kendall test climate elasticity Sen's slope streamflow 2D visualization hydrologic data

Scoping review: obese elderly women with breast cancer and physical activity/exercise

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Global Health Journal 2022年第3期6卷 129-135页

作者： mark Stephan Felix Department of Society and Health Faculty of Social Sciences and HumanitiesMahidol UniversitySalayaNakhon Pathom 73170Thailand

Objective:Obesity and breast cancer(BC)are diseases of concern,especially within the context of an aging *** scoping review is aimed at mapping out the literature on the subject of elderly women(eW)with breast cancer,obesity and physical activity/exercise(PAe)to identify gaps in the present extant literature,and to suggest directions for future *** sources:A total of four articles were finalized from an initial 2905 articles found via searches on the Annals of Internal Medicine by American College of Physicians(ACP)^(TM),BioMed Central(BMC)^(TM),BMJ Journals^(TM),Journal of the American Medical Association(JAMA)^(TM),PubMed^(TM),SAGe^(TM),ScienceDirect^(TM),SpringerLink(e-journals)^(TM),Taylor and Francis Online^(TM),and Wiley Online Library^(TM) ***:Recognized structural frameworks for scoping reviews were utilized to guide the methodology and technical aspects of this *** extraction was conducted via a charting ***:Research gaps identified include a paucity in research on the subject of obesity and breast cancer among elderly women;there is a limitation of the types of methodologies used in the research on this subject indicating vast opportunities for future studies using different methodologies;lack of use of the alternative types of physical activity and exercise such as Tai Chi,Qigong and Yoga;lack of focus on the older elderly population;and areas of social support from family and friends for obese elderly with breast cancer to engage in physical activity and ***:Future research would address the urgent need within academia to address the research gap of PAe and *** research should use a diverse range of both quantitative and qualitative research methodologies,while including eastern exercise regimens such as Tai Chi,Qigong and Yoga as a means of studying PAe among ***,future research may focus on the“old elderly”as a demographic group of study as well as how social suppo

关键词： Obesity Breast cancer elderly Physical activity exercise

超高效液相色谱(ACQUITY UPLC)应用于环境水中多环芳烃(PAHs)和爆炸物分析

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环境化学 2007年第6期26卷 867-868页

作者： mark e.Benvenuti 沃特世公司

多环芳烃(PAHs)和爆炸物残留是广泛存在于环境中的污染物.前者是很多工业过程的副产物,后者则在军事活动中产生.分析PAHs和爆炸残留物的标准和官方方法仅应用于水、空气、固体废物以及食品分析[1].这些方法使用HPLC,其运行时间超过30mi... 详细信息

多环芳烃(PAHs)和爆炸物残留是广泛存在于环境中的污染物.前者是很多工业过程的副产物,后者则在军事活动中产生.分析PAHs和爆炸残留物的标准和官方方法仅应用于水、空气、固体废物以及食品分析[1].这些方法使用HPLC,其运行时间超过30min以上.沃特世超高效液相色谱(ACQUITY UPLC(R))系统相同的分析可以在低于10min的时间内完成,运行时间减少60%以上.除此之外,ACQUITY UPLC系统可以使用更低的流速,减少了消耗的溶剂和产生的废物,为实验室减少了大量的使用经费.

关键词：超高效液相色谱多环芳烃爆炸物环境水应用运行时间工业过程 PAHs

Shape Control of Doped Semiconductor Nanocrystals (d-Dots)

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Nano Research 2008年第2期1卷 138-144页

作者： Ranjani Viswanatha David M.Battaglia mark e.Curtis Tetsuya D.Mishima Matthew B.Johnson Xiaogang Peng Department of Chemistry&Biochemistry University of ArkansasFayettevilleAR 72701USA NN-Labs LLC FayettevilleAR 72703USA Joint MRSeC at the University of Oklahoma and the University of Arkansas FayettevilleAR 72701USA Homer L.Dodge Department of Physics and Astronomy University of OklahomaNormanOK 73019USA

Formation of Mn2+-doped ZnSe quantum dots(Mn:ZnSe d-dots)with both branched and nearly spherical shapes has been *** analysis indicates that the Mn2+dopants were localized in the core of a branched *** growth of branched d-dots,rather than spherical ones,was achieved by simply varying the concentration of two organic additives,fatty acids,and fatty *** photoluminescence properties of the branched nanocrystals were explored and compared with those of the nearly spherical particles.

关键词： Doped quantum dot(d-dot) shape control photoluminescence

Miniature gastrointestinal endoscopy: Now and the future

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2019年第30期25卷 4051-4060页

作者： John J McGoran mark e McAlindon Prasad G Iyer eric J Seibel Rehan Haidry Laurence B Lovat Sarmed S Sami Digestive Diseases Centre Leicester Royal InfirmaryLeicester LE1 5WWUnited Kingdom Department of Gastroenterology Royal Hallamshire HospitalSheffield S10 2JFUnited Kingdom Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Mayo Clinic RochesterMN 55905United States Department of Mechanical engineering University of Washington4000 Mason StSeattleWA 98195United States Division of Surgery and Interventional Science University College LondonLondon WC1E 6BTUnited Kingdom

Since its original application,gastrointestinal(GI)endoscopy has undergone many innovative transformations aimed at expanding the scope,safety,accuracy,acceptability and cost-effectiveness of this area of clinical *** method of achieving this has been to reduce the caliber of endoscopic *** propose the collective term“Miniature GI endoscopy”.In this Opinion Review,the innovations in this field are explored and *** progress and clinical use of the three main areas of miniature GI endoscopy(ultrathin endoscopy,wireless endoscopy and scanning fiber endoscopy)are *** opportunities presented by these technologies are set out in a clinical context,as are their current *** of the positive aspects of miniature endoscopy are clear,in that smaller devices provide access to potentially all of the alimentary canal,while conferring high patient *** must be balanced with the costs of new technologies and recognition of device specific *** on future application are also considered and the efforts being made to bring new innovations to a clinical platform are *** devices demonstrate that miniature GI endoscopy has a valuable place in investigation of symptoms,therapeutic intervention and *** technologies give promise that the potential for enhancing the investigation and management of GI complaints is significant.

关键词： Ultrathin endoscopy Capsule endoscopy Single fiber endoscopy

PARALLeL ADAPTIVe SIMULATION OF A PLUNGING LIQUID JeT

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Acta Mathematica Scientia 2010年第2期30卷 522-538页

作者： Azat Yu.Galimov Onkar Sahni Richard T.Lahey Jr. mark S.Shephard Donald A.Drew Kenneth e.Jansen Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute

This paper is concerned with three-dimensional numerical simulation of a plunging liquid jet. The transient processes of forming an air cavity around the jet, capturing an initially large air bubble, and the break-up of this large toroidal-shaped bubble into smaller bubbles were analyzed. A stabilized finite element method （FeM） was employed under parallel numerical simulations based on adaptive, unstructured grid and coupled with a level-set method to track the interface between air and liquid. These simulations show that the inertia of the liquid jet initially depresses the pool＇s surface, forming an annular air cavity which surrounds the liquid jet. A toroidal liquid eddy which is subse- quently formed in the liquid pool results in air cavity collapse, and in turn entrains air into the liquid pool from the unstable annular air gap region around the liquid jet.

关键词： plunging liquid jet air entrainment two-phase flows level set method parallel adaptive simulation

Arabidopsis Coordinates the Diurnal Regulation of Carbon Allocation and Growth across a Wide Range of Photoperiods

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Molecular Plant 2014年第1期7卷 137-155页

作者： Ronan Sulpice Anna Flis Alexander A. Ivakov Federico Apelt Nicole Krohn Beatrice encke Christin Abel Regina Feil John e. Lunn mark Stitt Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology Am Muehlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam-Golm Germany National University of Galway Plant Systems Biology Lab Plant and AgriBiosciences Research Centre Botany and Plant Science Galway Ireland

In short photoperiods, plants accumulate starch more rapidly in the light and degrade it more slowly at night, ensuring that their starch reserves last until dawn. To investigate the accompanying changes in the timing of growth, Arabidopsis was grown in a range of photoperiods and analyzed for rosette biomass, photosynthesis, respiration, ribosome abundance, polysome loading, starch, and over 40 metabolites at dawn and dusk. The data set was used to model growth rates in the daytime and night, and to identify metabolites that correlate with growth. Modeled growth rates and polysome loading were high in the daytime and at night in long photoperiods, but decreased at night in short photoperiods. Ribosome abundance was similar in all photoperiods. It is discussed how the amount of starch accumulated in the light period, the length of the night, and maintenance costs interact to constrain growth at night in short photoperiods, and alter the strategy for optimizing ribosome use. Significant correlations were found in the day- time and the night between growth rates and the levels of the sugar-signal trehalose 6-phosphate and the amino acid biosynthesis intermediate shikimate, identifying these metabolites as hubs in a network that coordinates growth with diurnal changes in the carbon supply.

关键词： Arabidopsis diurnal growth photoperiod ribosomes trehalose-6-phosphate starch