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Surveillance for highly pathogenic avian influenza in wild birds in the USA

Integrative Zoology 2009年第4期4卷 426-439页

作者： Thomas J.DELIBERTO Seth R.SwAFFORD Dale L.NOLTE Kerri PEDERSEN mark w.lutman Brandon B.SCHMIT John A.BAROCH Dennis J.KOHLER Alan FRANKLIN United States Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection ServiceWildlife ServicesNational Wildlife Disease ProgramFort CollinsUSA United States Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection ServiceWildlife ServicesNational Wildlife Research CenterFort CollinsColoradoUSA

As part of the USA’s National Strategy for Pandemic Influenza,an Interagency Strategic Plan for the Early Detection of Highly Pathogenic H5N1 Avian Influenza in wild Migratory Birds was developed and ***1April2006 through 31 March 2009,261946 samples fromwild birds and 101457 wild bird fecalsamples were collected in the USA;no highly pathogenic avian influenza was *** United States Department of Agriculture,and state and tribal cooperators accounted for 213115(81%)of the wild bird samples collected;31,27,21 and 21%of the samples were collected from theAtlantic,Pacific,Central and Mississippi flyways,*** than 250 species of wild birds in all 50 states were *** majority of wild birds(86%)were dabbling ducks,geese,swans and *** apparent prevalence of low pathogenic avian influenza viruses during biological years 2007 and 2008 was 9.7 and 11.0%,*** apparent prevalence of H5 and H7 subtypes across all species sampled were 0.5 and 0.06%,*** pooled fecal samples(n=101539)positive for low pathogenic avian influenza were 4.0,6.7 and 4.7%for biological years 2006,2007 and 2008,*** highly pathogenic early detection system for wild birds developed and implemented in the USA represents the largest coordinated wildlife disease surveillance system ever *** effort provided evidence that wild birds in the USA were free of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus(given the expected minimum prevalence of 0.001%)at the 99.9%confidence level during the surveillance period.

关键词： disease surveillance highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 morbidity and mortality wild bird.

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Liver transplantation as an alternative for the treatment of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: Past, present, and future directions

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2024年第2期23卷 129-138页

作者： Sudha Kodali Ashton A Connor Souhail Thabet Elizabeth w Brombosz R mark Ghobrial Sherrie and Alan Conover Center for Liver Disease and Transplantation Houston Methodist HospitalHoustonTX 77030USA JC walter Jr Transplant Center Houston Methodist HospitalHoustonTX 77030USA Department of Medicine Weill Cornell Medical CollegeNew YorkNYUSA Department of Surgery Houston Methodist HospitalHoustonTX 77030USA Department of Surgery Weill Cornell Medical CollegeNew YorkNYUSA School of Medicine New Giza UniversityGizaEgypt

Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma(iCCA)is a rare biliary tract cancer with high mortality *** resection of the iCCA lesion is the first choice of treatment,with good prognosis after margin-negative ***,only 12%-40% of patients are eligible for resection at presentation due to cirrhosis,portal hypertension,or large tumor *** transplantation(LT)offers margin-negative iCCA extirpation for patients with unresectable ***,iCCA was a contraindication for LT until size-based selection criteria were introduced to identify patients with satisfied post-LT *** studies have shown that tumor biology-based selection can yield high post-LT survival in patients with locally advanced *** selection criterion is the tumor response to neoadjuvant *** with response to neoadjuvant therapy have better outcomes after LT compared with those without tumor response to neoadjuvant *** index that helps predict the treatment outcome is the *** survival outcomes have also opened the door for living donor LT for *** undergoing LT for iCCA now have statistically similar survival rates as patients undergoing *** combination of surgery and locoregional and systemic therapies improves the prognosis of iCCA patients.

关键词： Liver transplantation Cholangiocarcinoma Hepatectomy Transplant oncology Liver neoplasm

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Management of monogenic diabetes in pregnancy:A narrative review

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world Journal of Diabetes 2024年第1期15卷 15-23页

作者： Mohammad Sadiq Jeeyavudeen Sarah R Murray mark w J Strachan Metabolic Unit Western General HospitalEdinburgh EH42XUUnited Kingdom MRC Centre for Reproductive Health University of Edinburgh Queen’s Medical Research InstituteEdinburgh EH164TJUnited Kingdom

Pregnancy in women with monogenic diabetes is potentially complex,with significant implications for both maternal and fetal *** these,maturity-onset diabetes of the young(MODY)stands out as a prevalent monogenic diabetes subtype frequently encountered in clinical *** subtype of MODY requires a distinct approach tailored to the pregnancy,diverging from management strategies in non-pregnant *** MODY(GCK-MODY)typically does not require treatment outside of pregnancy,but special considerations arise when a woman with GCK-MODY becomes *** glycemic targets in GCK-MODY pregnancies are not exclusively dictated by the maternal/paternal MODY genotype but are also influenced by the genotype of the developing *** pregnancy,the choice between sulfonylurea or insulin for treating hepatocyte nuclear factor 1-alpha(HNF1A)-MODY and HNF4A-MODY depends on the mother’s specific circumstances and the available *** of other rarer MODY subtypes is individu-alized,with decisions made on a case-by-case ***,a collaborative approach involving expert diabetes and obstetric teams is crucial for the compre-hensive management of MODY pregnancies.

关键词： Diabetes Pregnancy Maturity-onset diabetes of the young Insulin Sulphonylurea Glucokinase Hepatocyte nuclear factor 1-alpha,hepatocyte nuclear factor 1-beta,and hepatocyte nuclear factor 4-alpha

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Design Improvements and Validation of a Novel Fully 3D Printed Analogue Lumbar Spine Motion Segment

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2024年第3期21卷 1388-1396页

作者： Siril Teja Dukkipati mark Driscoll Musculoskeletal Biomechanics Research Lab Department of Mechanical EngineeringMcGill University845 Sherbrooke St.W(163)MontréalQCH3A 0C3Canada Orthopaedic Research Lab Montreal General Hospital1650 Cedar Ave(LS1.409)MontréalQCH3G 1A4Canada

Spine biomechanical testing methods in the past few decades have not evolved beyond employing either cadaveric studies or finite element modeling ***,both these approaches may have inherent cost and time *** studies are the present gold standard for spinal implant design and regulatory approval,but they introduce significant variability in measurements across patients,often requiring large sample *** element modeling demands considerable expertise and can be computationally expensive when complex geometry and material nonlinearity are *** analogue spine models could complement these traditional methods as a low-cost and high-fidelity alternative.A fully 3D printable L-S1 analogue spine model with ligaments is developed and validated in this *** stiffness of the model under pure bending loading in flexion-extension,Lateral Bending(LB)and Axial Rotation(AR)is evaluated and compared against historical ex vivo and in silico ***,the effect of interspinous,intertransverse ligaments and the Thoracolumbar Fascia(TLF)on spinal stiffness is evaluated by systematic construction of the *** flexion,model Range of Motion(ROM)was 12.92±0.11°(ex vivo:16.58°,in silico:12.96°)at *** LB,average ROM was 13.67±0.12°at 7.5 Nm(ex vivo:15.21±1.89°,in silico:15.49±0.23°).Similarly,in AR,average ROM was 17.69±2.12°at 7.5Nm(ex vivo:14.12±0.31°,in silico:15.91±0.28°).The addition of interspinous and intertransverse ligaments increased both flexion and LB stiffnesses by approximately 5%.Addition of TLF showed increase in flexion and AR stiffnesses by 29%and 24%,*** novel model can reproduce physiological ROMs with high repeatability and could be a useful open-source tool in spine biomechanics.

关键词： Lumbar spine 3D printing Intervertebral disc Biomechanical testing Spine mechanics

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Anneal-free ultra-low loss silicon nitride integrated photonics

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第8期13卷 1565-1577页

作者： Debapam Bose mark w.Harrington Andrei Isichenko Kaikai Liu Jiawei wang Nitesh Chauhan Zachary L.Newman Daniel J.Blumenthal Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California Santa BarbaraSanta BarbaraCA 93106USA Octave Photonics LouisvilleCO 80027USA

Heterogeneous and monolithic integration of the versatile low-loss silicon nitride platform with low-temperature materials such as silicon electronics and photonics,III–V compound semiconductors,lithium niobate,organics,and glasses has been inhibited by the need for high-temperature annealing as well as the need for different process flows for thin and thick *** techniques are needed to maintain the state-of-the-art losses,nonlinear properties,and CMOS-compatible processes while enabling this next generation of 3D silicon nitride *** report a significant advance in silicon nitride integrated photonics,demonstrating the lowest losses to date for an anneal-free process at a maximum temperature 250℃,with the same deuterated silane based fabrication flow,for nitride and oxide,for an order of magnitude range in nitride thickness without requiring stress mitigation or *** report record low anneal-free losses for both nitride core and oxide cladding,enabling 1.77 dBm-1 loss and 14.9 million Q for 80 nm nitride core waveguides,more than half an order magnitude lower loss than previously reported sub 300℃ *** 800 nm-thick nitride,we achieve as good as 8.66 dBm-1 loss and 4.03 million Q,the highest reported Q for a low temperature processed resonator with equivalent device area,with a median of loss and Q of 13.9 dBm-1 and 2.59 million each *** demonstrate laser stabilization with over 4 orders of magnitude frequency noise reduction using a thin nitride reference cavity,and using a thick nitride micro-resonator we demonstrate OPO,over two octave supercontinuum generation,and four-wave mixing and parametric gain with the lowest reported optical parametric oscillation threshold per unit resonator *** results represent a significant step towards a uniform ultra-low loss silicon nitride homogeneous and heterogeneous platform for both thin and thick waveguides capable of linear and nonlinear photonic circuits and integrat

关键词： resonator thick free

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Controversy Clouds Real Progress in Superconductor Research

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Engineering 2024年第7期38卷 8-10页

作者： mark Peplow Senior Technology writer

In the 8 March 2023 issue of the journal Nature,a paper attracted global attention with the report of a new superconductor material exhibiting ground-breaking properties[1,2].A group led by Ranga ***,assistant professor of mechanical engineering at the University of Rochester(Rochester,NY,USA),described a hydride material that superconducted at around room temperature,albeit at pressures 10000 times greater than atmospheric pressure[3].

关键词： Superconductor journal superconductor

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The wave Front Set Correspondence for Dual Pairs with One Member Compact

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Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series 2024年第3期40卷 823-869页

作者： mark MCKEE Angela PASQUALE Tomasz PRZEBINDA Hammond Lane ProvidenceUT 84332USA Universite de Lorraine CNRSIECLF-57000 MetzFrance Department of Mathematics University of OklahomaNormanOK 73019USA

Let w be a real symplectic space and(G,G')an irreducible dual pair in Sp(w),in the sense of Howe,with G *** G be the preimage of G in the metaplectic group Sp(w).Given an irreducible unitary representation II of G that occurs in the restriction of the weil representation to G,let On denote its *** prove that,for a suitable embedding T of Sp(w)in the space of tempered distributions on w,the distribution T(On)admits an asymptotic limit,and the limit is a nilpotent orbital *** an application,we compute the wave front set of II',the representation of G dual to II,by elementary means.

关键词： Reductive dual pairs Howe duality weil representation wave front set orbital integrals

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Is Deep Time Geology Scientific?

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Journal of Earth Science 2024年第2期35卷 700-703页

作者： T.mark Harrison Department of Earth Planetary and Space SciencesUniversity of CaliforniaLos Angeles90095USA

we all know what car mechanics *** maintain and repair our automobiles according to established engineering *** all know what physicians *** maintain and repair our bodies according to established medical *** what is it that I do as a scientist?Indeed,am I a scientist?The answer to these questions depends on what we meant by“science”.

关键词： maintain Deep repair

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Normal Crossings Singularities for Symplectic Topology:Structures

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Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series 2024年第1期40卷 107-160页

作者： Mohammad FARAJZADEH-TEHRANI mark MCLEAN Aleksey ZINGER The University of Iowa MacLean HallIowa CityIA 52241 Department of Mathematics Stony Brook UniversityStony BrookNY 11794

Our previous papers introduce topological notions of normal crossings symplectic divisor and variety,show that they are equivalent,in a suitable sense,to the corresponding geometric notions,and establish a topological smoothability criterion for normal crossings symplectic *** present paper constructs a blowup,a complex line bundle,and a logarithmic tangent bundle naturally associated with a normal crossings symplectic divisor and determines the Chern class of the last *** structures have applications in constructions and analysis of various moduli *** a corollary of the Chern class formula for the logarithmic tangent bundle,we refine Aluffi’s formula for the Chern class of the tangent bundle of the blowup at a complete intersection to account for the torsion and extend it to the blowup at the deepest stratum of an arbitrary normal crossings divisor.

关键词： Normal crossings divisor Chern class Logarithmic tangent bundle

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Analysis of the inflection points of height-diameter models

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Forest Ecosystems 2024年第4期11卷 414-422页

作者： Tzeng Yih Lam mark J.Ducey Department of Forest Resources Management Faculty of ForestryThe University of British Columbia2045-2424 Main MallVancouverBCV6T 1Z4 Canada Department of Natural Resources and the Environment University of New Hampshire114 James HallDurhamNH 03824USA

The inflection point is an important feature of sigmoidal height-diameter(H-D)*** is often cited as one of the properties favoring sigmoidal model ***,there are very few studies analyzing the inflection points of H-D *** goals of this study were to theoretically and empirically examine the behaviors of inflection points of six common H-D models with a regional *** six models were the wykoff(wYK),Schumacher(SCH),Curtis(CUR),HossfeldⅣ(HOS),von Bertalanffy-Richards(VBR),and Gompertz(GPZ)*** models were first fitted in their base forms with tree species as random effects and were then expanded to include functional traits and spatial *** distributions of the estimated inflection points were similar between the two-parameter models wYK,SCH,and CUR,but were different between the threeparameter models HOS,VBR,and *** produced some of the largest inflection *** and VBR produced concave H-D curves without inflection points for 12.7%and 39.7%of the tree *** species or decreasing shade tolerance resulted in larger inflection *** trends in the estimated inflection points of HOS and VBR were entirely opposite across the ***,HOS could produce concave H-D curves for portions of the *** on the studied behaviors,the choice between two-parameter models may not *** recommend comparing seve ral three-parameter model forms for consistency in estimated inflection points before deciding on *** sigmoidal models to have inflection points does not necessarily mean that they will produce fitted curves with *** study highlights the need to integrate analysis of inflection points into modeling H-D relationships.

关键词： Concavity Forest inventory and analysis Generalized height-diameter models Growth functions Height-diameter functions Mixed-effects modeling Points of inflection Species-specific models

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