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CFD aided investigation of single droplet coalescence

Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2016年第2期24卷 249-252页

作者： Felix Gebauer mark w.hlawitschka Hans-Jorg Bart Chair of Separation Science and Technology University of KaiserslauternKaiserslautern 67653Germany Center for Computational and Mathematical Modelling(CIVY) University of KaiserslauternKaisersloutern 67653Germany

This article describes the development of a coalescence model using various CFD work packages,and is validated using as toluene water model *** studies were performed to describe droplet interactions in liquid–liquid test *** models use adjustable parameters to describe these *** research in the past decades led to different correlations to model coalescence and breakage depending on the chemical system and the apparatus *** the complexity of droplet coalescence requires a detailed investigation of local phenomena during the droplet *** fluid dynamics(CFD) studies of single droplet interactions were performed and validated with experimental results to improve the understanding of the local hydrodynamics and film drainage during *** CFD simulations were performed for the interaction of two differently sized droplets at industrial relevant impact *** experimental verification and validation of the numerical results were done with standardized high-speed imaging studies by using a special test cell with a pendant and a free rising *** experimental based algorithm was implemented in the open source code OpenF OAM to account for the contact time and the dimple *** standard European Federation of Chemical Engineering(EFCE) test system toluene/water was used for the numerical studies and the experimental investigations as *** results of the CFD simulations are in good accordance with the observed coalescence behavior in the experimental *** addition,a detailed description of local phenomena,like film rupture,velocity gradients,pressures and micro-droplet entrainment could be obtained.

关键词： CFD Parameter estimation Coalescence Film drainage

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CFD based extraction column design-Chances and challenges

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2016年第2期24卷 259-263页

作者： mark w.hlawitschka Menwer M.Attarakilh Samer S.Alzyod Hans-Jorg Bart Chair of Separation Science and Technology POB 3049TU KaiserslauternKaiserslautern 67653Germany Center for Computational and Mathematical Modelling(CM2) TU KaiserslauternKaiserslautern 67653Germany University of Jordan Department of Chemical Engineering11942 AmmanJordan

This paper shows that one-dimensional （I-D） [and three-dimensional （3-D） computational fluid dynamics （CFD）] simulations can replace the state-of-the-art usage of pseudo-homogeneous dispersion or back mixing models. This is based on standardized lab-scale cell experiments for the determination of droplet rise, breakage, coalescence and mass transfer parameters in addition to a limited number of additional mini-plant experiments with original fluids. Alternatively, the hydrodynamic parameters can also be derived using more sophisticated 3- D CFD simulations. Computational 1-D modeling served as a basis to replace pilot-plant experiments in any column geometry. The combination of 3-D CFD simulations with droplet population balance models （DPBM） increased the accuracy of the hydrodynamic simulations and gave information about the local droplet size. The high computational costs can be reduced by open source CFD codes when using a flexible mesh generation. First combined simulations using a three way coupled CFD/DPBM/mass-transfer solver pave the way for a safer design of industrial-sized columns, where no correlations are available.

关键词： CFD DPBM Column design

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Survival in spatially variable thermal environments:Consequences of induced thermal defense

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Integrative Zoology 2018年第4期13卷 392-410页

作者： mark w.DENNY Hopkins Marine Station of Stanford University Pacific GroveCaliforniaUSA

As Earth’s climate warms,plants and animals are likely to encounter increased frequency and severity of extreme thermal events,and the ensuing destruction is likely to play an important role in structuring ecological ***,accurate prediction of the population-scale consequences of extreme thermal events requires detailed knowledge of the small-scale interaction between individual organisms and their thermal *** this study I propose a simple model that allows one to explore how individual-to-individual variation in body temperature and thermal physiology determines what fraction of a population will be killed by an extreme thermal *** model takes into account the possibility that each individual plant or animal can respond to an event by adjusting its thermal tolerance in proportion to the stress it *** thermal stress is relatively mild,the model shows that a graded physiological response of this sort leads to increased ***,the model predicts that in more severe events a proportional induced defense can actually reduce survivorship,a counterintuitive possibility that is not predicted by standard *** model can easily be tailored to different species and thermal environments to provide an estimate of when,where and how physiology can buffer the effects of climate warming.

关键词： induced defense plasticity small-scale variability thermal physiology thermal tolerance

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Fuel and vegetation changes in southwestern, unburned portions of Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA, 2003-2019

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Journal of Forestry Research 2022年第5期33卷 1459-1470页

作者： T.Adam Coates w.mark Ford Department of Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State UniversityBlacksburgVA 24061USA U.S.Geological Survey Virginia Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research UnitDepartment of Fisheries and Wildlife ConservationVirginia Polytechnic Institute and State UniversityBlacksburgVA 24061USA

Overstory basal area,ericaceous shrub cover(Kalmia latifolia *** Rhododendron maximum L.),and fuels(i.e.,woody fuel loads and depths and O Horizon thickness) were assessed within Great Smoky Mountains National Park,USA,in *** to recent wildfire activity within the southern Appalachian Mountain region(including Great Smoky Mountains National Park),the potential spread and expansion of ericaceous shrubs,and the impacts of the hemlock woolly adelgid(Adelges tsugae Annand) on eastern hemlock(Tsuga canadensis(L.) Carrière),these same ecosystem components were again assessed in *** and moisture regime(xeric,intermediate,and mesic) were included in this assessment as potential influential *** evaluation of repeated measurements from 40 plots suggested that O Horizon thickness did not change significantly over the 16-year period,but increased as elevation increased,and moisture regime(xeric O Horizon thickness> mesic O Horizon thickness) was a significant,related *** sum of 1-,10-,and 100-h fuel loads(fuels less whereas woody fuel depth decreased over the16-year *** significant changes in 1000-h fuel lo ads(>7.6 cm diameter),total woody fuel loads,ericaceous shrub cover,total basal area,or live *** basal area were *** *** basal area decreased with increasing ***,standing *** basal area increased from 2003-2019,and that increase was most pronounced as elevation increased on xeric and intermediate ***,we found that:*** increases in total woody fuel loads and ericaceous shrub cover were not present;and *** and moisture regime were most related to observed changes in vegetation and fuel condition.

关键词： Eastern hemlock Hemlock woolly adelgid Mountain laurel Rhododendron

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Repeated hydrogen peroxide dosing briefly reduces cyanobacterial blooms and microcystin while increasing fecal bacteria indicators in a eutrophic pond

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2023年第2期124卷 522-543页

作者： mark w.Lusty Christopher J.Gobler School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences Stony Brook UniversitySouthamptonNY 11968USA

This study explored the effects of H_(2)O_(2)on Cyanobacteria and non-target microbes using fluorometry,microscopy,flow cytometry,and high throughput DNA sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene during a series of mesocosm and whole-ecosystem experiments in a eutrophic pond in NY,*** addition of H_(2)O_(2)(8 mg/L)significantly reduced Cyanobacteria concentrations during a majority of experiments(66%;6 of 9)and significantly increased eukaryotic green and unicellular brown algae in 78%and 45%of experiments,*** heterotrophic bacteria declined significantly following H_(2)O_(2)addition in all experiments,bacteria indicative of potential fecal contamination(Escherichia coli,Enterococcus,fecal coliform bacteria)consistently and significantly increased in response to H_(2)O_(2),evidencing a form of‘pollution swapping’.H_(2)O_(2)more effectively reduced Cyanobacteria in enclosed mesocosms compared to whole-ecosystem *** whole-pond H_(2)O_(2)applications over a twoyear period temporarily reduced cyanobacterial levels but never reduced concentrations below bloom thresholds and populations always rebounded in two weeks or *** bacterial phyla of Cyanobacteria,Actinobacteria,and Planctomycetes were the most negatively impacted by H_(2)O_(2).Microcystis was always reduced by H_(2)O_(2),as was the toxin microcystin,but Microcystis remained dominant even after repeated H_(2)O_(2)*** H_(2)O_(2)favored the growth of eukaryotic algae over potentially harmful Cyanobacteria,the inability of H_(2)O_(2)to end cyanobacterial blooms in this eutrophic waterbody suggests it is a non-ideal mitigation approach in high biomass ecosystems and should be used judiciously due to potential negative impacts on non-target organisms and promotion of bacteria indicative of fecal contamination.

关键词： Indicator bacteria Toxic cyanobacteria Microcystin Microcystis Hydrogen peroxide Bacteria Enterococcus E.coli Pollution swapping

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Cooperative visibility maintenance in SE（3） for multi-robot-networks with limited field-of-view sensors

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Control Theory and Technology 2017年第4期15卷 246-257页

作者： Hasan A. Poonawala mark w. Spong 1. Institute for Computational Engineering & Sciences University of Texas Austin TX 78712 U.S.A. 2. Erik Jonsson School of Engineering & Computer Science University of Texas at Dallas Richardson TX 75080 U.S.A.

Coordination of motion between multiple robots requires the robots to sense their relative poses. Common sensors depend on maintaining a line-of-sight between the sensor and the object being sensed. when the robots move relative to one another, they must coordinate their motions to ensure that these lines-of-sight are preserved. we propose a control method to preserve desired lines-of-sight in a multi-robot system where each robot has configuration space SE（3）. A key feature of the control method is its ability to reject persistent bounded disturbances, enabling its use alongside additional control tasks. we demonstrate the effectiveness of the edge-preserving control in simulations involving additional input velocities that tend to break the edges.

关键词： Multi-robot coordination decentralized control graph theoretic control

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Noninvasive prognostic models,imaging,and elastography to predict clinical events in primary sclerosing cholangitis:A review

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world Journal of Hepatology 2023年第9期15卷 1013-1020页

作者： mark w Russo Division of Hepatology Atrium Health Wake ForestCharlotteNC 28204United States

Surrogate endpoints are needed to estimate clinical outcomes in primary sclerosing cholangitis(PSC).Serum alkaline phosphatase was among the first markers studied,but there is substantial variability in alkaline phosphatase levels during the natural history of PSC without *** Mayo risk score incorporates noninvasive variables and has served as a surrogate endpoint for survival for more than two *** models have better test performance than the Mayo risk score,including the primary sclerosing risk estimate tool(PREsTo)model and UK-PSC score that estimate hepatic decompensation and transplant free survival,*** c-statistics for transplant-free survival for the Mayo risk model and the long-term UK-PSC model are 0.68 and 0.85,*** c-statistics for hepatic decompensation for the Mayo risk model and PREsTo model are 0.85 and 0.90,*** Amsterdam-Oxford model included patients with large duct and small duct PSC and patients with PSCautoimmune hepatitis overlap and had a c-statistic of 0.68 for transplant-free *** noninvasive tests that warrant further validation include magnetic resonance imaging,elastography and the enhanced liver fibrosis *** models,noninvasive tests or a combination of these surrogate endpoints may not only serve to be useful in clinical trials of investigational agents,but also serve to inform our patients about their prognosis.

关键词： Cholestatic Survival Mortality Predict Cirrhosis Decompensation

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Predicting intensity of white-tailed deer herbivory in the Central Appalachian Mountains

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Journal of Forestry Research 2018年第3期29卷 830-839页

作者： Andrew B.Kniowski w.mark Ford Department of Fish and wildlife Conservation Virginia Tech U.S. Geological Survey Virginia Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit Virginia Tech

In eastern North America, white-tailed deer(Odocoileus virginianus) can have profound influences on forest biodiversity and forest successional *** to high deer populations in the central Appalachians have resulted in lower forest *** effects in some areas persist even following deer population reductions or declines. This has prompted managers to consider deer population management goals in light of policies designed to support conservation of biodiversity and forest regeneration while continuing to support ample recreational hunting opportunities. However,despite known relationships between herbivory intensity and biodiversity impact, little information exists on the predictability of herbivory intensity across the varied and spatially diverse habitat conditions of the central Appalachians. we examined the predictability of browsing rates across central Appalachian landscapes at four environmental scales: vegetative community characteristics, physical environment, habitat configuration, and local human and deer population demographics. In an information-theoretic approach, we found that a model fitting the number of stems browsed relative to local vegetation characteristics received most(62%) of the overall support of all tested models assessing herbivory impact. Our data suggest that deer herbivory responded most predictably to differences in vegetation quantity and type. No other spatial factors or demographic factors consistently affected browsing intensity. Because herbivory, vegetation communities, and productivity vary spatially, we suggest that effective broad-scale herbivory impact assessment should include spatially-balanced vegetation monitoring that accounts for regional differences in deer forage *** monitoring is necessary to avoid biodiversity impacts and deleterious changes in vegetation community composition that are difficult to reverse and/or may not be detected using traditional deer-density based

关键词： Biodiversity Central Appalachian Mountains Herbivory Odocoileus virginianus Predicting browsing intensity white-tailed deer

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Inflammatory processes in the liver: divergent roles in homeostasis and pathology

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2021年第6期18卷 1375-1386页

作者： Ola Ahmed mark w.Robinson Cliona O’Farrelly School of Medicine Trinity College DublinDublinIreland Department of Biology Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health ResearchMaynooth UniversityMaynoothIreland School of Biochemistry&Immunology Trinity College DublinDublin 2Ireland

The hepatic immune system is designed to tolerate diverse harmless foreign moieties to maintain homeostasis in the healthy *** priming and regulation ensure that appropriate immune activation occurs when challenged by pathogens and tissue *** to accurately discriminate,regulate,or effectively resolve inflammation offsets this balance,jeopardizing overall tissue health resulting from an either overly tolerant or an overactive inflammatory *** scientific and clinical evidence links dysregulated hepatic immune and inflammatory responses upon sterile injury to several pathological conditions in the liver,particularly nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and ischemia-reperfusion *** and human studies have described interactions between diverse immune repertoires and nonhematopoietic cell populations in both physiological and pathological activities in the liver,although the molecular mechanisms driving these associations are not clearly ***,we review the dynamic roles of inflammatory mediators in responses to sterile injury in the context of homeostasis and disease,the clinical implications of dysregulated hepatic immune activity and therapeutic developments to regulate liver-specific immunity.

关键词： homeostasis immunology inflammation liver

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The Political Heritage of Textile Districts:Shanghai and Mumbai

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Built Heritage 2019年第3期3卷 62-75页

作者： mark w.Frazier Department of Politics The New School for Social ResearchNew YorkUnited States

This article examines the evolution of mill districts in Shanghai and Mumbai across the 20^(th) century as cases of political heritage—in which the socio-spatial formations of factory and neighbourhood produced new meanings of citizenship for the workers in each *** historical materials from the textile industry in each city,government reports,housing data,and secondary sources,this article first traces the origins of Shanghai’s textile industry in the 19^(th) century to its connections with Bombay’s textile mills,then examines the emergence of working-class neighbourhoods as they acquired distinctive patterns of tenement housing,shopfronts,and street *** main finding is that despite clear differences in the two cities in terms of religion,culture,and politics,the‘mill district’became a socio-cultural formation central to the identity and memory of generations of textile workers in Shanghai and Mumbai.A concluding section examines the similar process in each city in the 21st century in which mill compounds and neighbourhoods were converted into high-end commercial real estate and sites for consumption and leisure.

关键词： industrial heritage political heritage textile industry urban housing citizenship Mumbai history Shanghai history

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