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Optimizing laser coupling,matter heating,and particle acceleration from solids using multiplexed ultraintense lasers

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Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2024年第4期9卷 16-28页

作者： Weipeng Yao Motoaki Nakatsutsumi Sébastien Buffechoux Patrizio Antici Marco Borghesi Andrea Ciardi Sophia N.Chen Emmanuel d’Humières Laurent Gremillet Robert Heathcote Vojtech Horny Paul McKenna mark N.Quinn Lorenzo Romagnani Ryan Royle Gianluca Sarri Yasuhiko Sentoku Hans-Peter Schlenvoigt Toma Toncian Olivier Tresca Laura Vassura Oswald Willi Julien Fuchs LULI-CNRS CEASorbonne UniversitéEcole PolytechniqueInstitut Polytechnique de ParisF-91128 Palaiseau CedexFrance Sorbonne Université Observatoire de ParisUniversité PSLCNRSLERMAF-75005 ParisFrance INRS-EMT 1650 BoulLionel-BouletVarennesQuebec J3X 1S2Canada Center for Plasma Physics School of Mathematics and PhysicsQueen’s University BelfastBelfast BT71NNUnited Kingdom “Horia Hulubei”National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering 30 Reactorului StreetRO-077125 Bucharest-MagureleRomania University of Bordeaux Centre Lasers Intenses et ApplicationsCNRSCEAUMR 5107F-33405 TalenceFrance CEA DAMDIFF-91297 ArpajonFrance Université Paris-Saclay CEALMCE91680 Bruyères-le-ChatelFrance Central Laser Facility STFC Rutherford Appleton LaboratoryDidcotUnited Kingdom SUPA Department of PhysicsUniversity of StrathclydeGlasgow G40NGUnited Kingdom Department of Physics University of NevadaRenoNevada 89557USA Institute of Laser Engineering Osaka University2-6 YamadaokaSuitaOsaka 565-0871Japan Institut fur Laser und Plasmaphysik Heinrich Heine Universitat DusseldorfDusseldorfGermany

Realizing the full potential of ultrahigh-intensity lasers for particle and radiation generation will require multi-beam arrangements due to technology ***,we investigate how to optimize their coupling with solid ***,we show that overlapping two intense lasers in a mirror-like configuration onto a solid with a large preplasma can greatly improve the generation of hot electrons at the target front and ion acceleration at the target *** underlying mechanisms are analyzed through multidimensional particle-in-cell simulations,revealing that the self-induced magnetic fields driven by the two laser beams at the target front are susceptible to reconnection,which is one possible mechanism to boost electron *** addition,the resistive magnetic field generated during the transport of the hot electrons in the target bulk tends to improve their *** simulations also indicate that such effects can be further enhanced by overlapping more than two laser beams.

关键词： laser acceleration particle

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被拜登遗忘的美国铁锈带

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商业周刊（中文版） 2024年第6期 26-30页

作者： Shawn Donnan with mark Niquette 汪泽(译) 不详

就业人数大幅减少,拜登制造业复兴政策略过了美国铁锈带的摇摆州在密尔沃基的Master Lock Co.工厂,仅仅十年前,工人们每年的薪水至少达到10万美元,他们制造的挂锁确保了美国学校仓库和后院小屋的安全。然而现在,这座工厂显示出了美国总... 详细信息

就业人数大幅减少,拜登制造业复兴政策略过了美国铁锈带的摇摆州在密尔沃基的Master Lock Co.工厂,仅仅十年前,工人们每年的薪水至少达到10万美元,他们制造的挂锁确保了美国学校仓库和后院小屋的安全。然而现在,这座工厂显示出了美国总统乔·拜登(Joe Biden)竞选连任的经济宣传的一个弱点。

关键词：密尔沃基就业人数制造业复兴铁锈薪水

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华盛顿地铁设计风格和导引系统的时代变迁

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商业周刊（中文版） 2024年第6期 41-43页

作者： mark Byrnes 孟洁冰(译) 程玺(译) 不详

华盛顿地铁的新标识旨在帮助人们更方便地出行,从而提高客流,但地铁系统最初的设计者可能不会赞同这种改变。在建筑师哈里·威斯(Harry Weese)设计的华盛顿特区地铁网络中,车站采用了野兽派(Brutalist)风格的高笃混凝土拱顶,像快捷的地... 详细信息

华盛顿地铁的新标识旨在帮助人们更方便地出行,从而提高客流,但地铁系统最初的设计者可能不会赞同这种改变。在建筑师哈里·威斯(Harry Weese)设计的华盛顿特区地铁网络中,车站采用了野兽派(Brutalist)风格的高笃混凝土拱顶,像快捷的地铁系统每天运送乘客往返的旅游景点一样,这些拱顶也具有重大的意义。

关键词：地铁系统地铁设计华盛顿特区地铁网络导引系统野兽派时代变迁旅游景点

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2024年别跟美联储作对

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商业周刊（中文版） 2024年第1期 6-7页

作者： mark Gilbert Marcus Ashworth 逸思(译) 不详

几年来的消费价格升,使通胀率远超美联储的目标值,从而促成了连串加息。然而,在急于为其货币稳定守护者的形象重新正名的同时,决策者的热情也有可能破坏经济增长并引发失业。我们预计,紧随近几个月加息暂停而来的将是政策的放松。无论如... 详细信息

几年来的消费价格升,使通胀率远超美联储的目标值,从而促成了连串加息。然而,在急于为其货币稳定守护者的形象重新正名的同时,决策者的热情也有可能破坏经济增长并引发失业。我们预计,紧随近几个月加息暂停而来的将是政策的放松。无论如何,美联储接下来的行动对于金融市场新一年表现的决定作用将比以往任何时候都重要。

关键词：加息金融市场消费价格通胀率美联储守护者目标值

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纪念苏珊·沃西基互联网经济的推动者

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商业周刊（中文版） 2024年第13期 18-20页

作者： mark Bergen Ros Krasny 孟洁冰(译) 不详

沃西基是硅谷最受瞩目的女高管之一,正是她塑造了在互联网上创造财富和名望的方式.谷歌(Google)元老级高管、担任视频平台YouTube首席执行官多年的苏珊·沃西基(Susan Wojcicki)去世,终年56岁,正是她塑造了在互联网上创造财富和名望的... 详细信息

沃西基是硅谷最受瞩目的女高管之一,正是她塑造了在互联网上创造财富和名望的方式.谷歌(Google)元老级高管、担任视频平台YouTube首席执行官多年的苏珊·沃西基(Susan Wojcicki)去世,终年56岁,正是她塑造了在互联网上创造财富和名望的方式。

关键词：首席执行官互联网元老级视频平台高管创造财富

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Radical innovation breakthroughs of biodegradation of plastics by insects:history,present and future perspectives

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2024年第6期18卷 127-165页

作者： Shan-Shan Yang Wei-Min Wu Federica Bertocchini mark Eric Benbow Suja P.Devipriya Hyung Joon Cha Bo-Yu Peng Meng-Qi Ding Lei He Mei-Xi Li Chen-Hao Cui Shao-Nan Shi Han-Jun Sun Ji-Wei Pang Defu He Yalei Zhang Jun Yang Deyi Hou De-Feng Xing Nan-Qi Ren Jie Ding Craig S.Criddle State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment School of EnvironmentHarbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150090China Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering William&Cloy Codiga Resource Recovery CenterStanford UniversityStanfordCA 94305USA Plasticentropy rue Thiers 28Reims 51100France Department of Entomology and Department of Osteopathic Medical Specialties Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMI 48824USA School of Environmental Studies Cochin University of Science and TechnologyKochi 682022India Department of Chemical Engineering Pohang University of Science and TechnologyPohang 37673Republic of Korea School of Environmental Science and Engineering Tongji UniversityShanghai 200092China China Energy Conservation and Environmental Protection Group CECEP Talroad Technology Co.Ltd.Beijing 100096China School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences East China Normal UniversityShanghai 200241China Research Institute for Frontier Science Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191China School of Environment Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

Insects damaging and penetrating plastic packaged materials has been reported since the *** innovation breakthroughs of plastic biodegradation have been initiated since the discovery of biodegradation of plastics by Tenebrio molitor larvae in 2015 followed by Galleria mellonella in *** we review updated studies on the insect-mediated biodegradation of *** biodegradation by insect larvae,mainly by some species of darkling beetles(Tenebrionidae)and pyralid moths(Pyralidae)is currently a highly active and potentially transformative area of *** the past eight years,publications have increased explosively,including discoveries of the ability of different insect species to biodegrade plastics,biodegradation performance,and the contribution of host and microbiomes,impacts of polymer types and their physic-chemical properties,and responsible enzymes secreted by the host and gut *** date,almost all major plastics including polyethylene(PE),polypropylene(PP),polyvinyl chloride(PVC),polyethylene terephthalate(PET),polyurethane(PUR),and polystyrene(PS)can be biodegraded by *** and ten other insect species representing the Tenebrionidae and Pyralidae *** biodegradation processes are symbiotic reactions or performed by synergistic efforts of both host and gut-microbes to rapidly depolymerize and biodegrade plastics with hourly *** digestive ezymens and bioreagents screted by the insects play an essential role in plasatic biodegradation in certain species of Tenebrionidae and Pyralidae *** research on the insect itself,gut microbiomes,transcriptomes,proteomes and metabolomes has evaluated the mechanisms of plastic biodegradation in *** conclude this review by discussing future research perspectives on insect-mediated biodegradation of plastics.

关键词： Plastics Biodegradation Insects Gut microbiomes Enzymes

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Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-associated encephalitis: A review of clinicopathologic hallmarks and multimodal imaging manifestations

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World Journal of Radiology 2024年第1期16卷 1-8页

作者： Bryce David Beutler Alastair E Moody Jerry Mathew Thomas Benjamin Phillip Sugar mark B Ulanja Daniel Antwi-Amoabeng Lucas Anthony Tsikitas Department of Radiology University of Southern CaliforniaKeck School of MedicineLos AngelesCA 90033United States Department of Anesthesiology University of UtahSalt Lake CityUT 84132United States Department of Internal Medicine Christus Ochsner St.Patrick HospitalLake CharlesLA 70601United States

Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-associated encephalitis(NMDARE)is a rare immune-mediated neuroinflammatory condition characterized by the rapid onset of neuropsychiatric symptoms and autonomic *** mechanism of pathogenesis remains incompletely understood,but is thought to be related to antibodies targeting the GluN1 subunit of the NMDA receptor with resultant downstream dysregulation of dopaminergic *** adults are most frequently affected;the median age at diagnosis is 21 *** is a strong female predilection with a female sex predominance of 4:*** often develops as a paraneoplastic process and is most commonly associated with ovarian ***,NMDARE has also been described in patients with small cell lung cancer,clear cell renal carcinoma,and other benign and malignant *** is based on correlation of the clinical presentation,electro-encephalography,laboratory studies,and *** tomography,positron emission tomography,and magnetic resonance imaging are essential to identify an underlying tumor,exclude clinicopathologic mimics,and predict the likelihood of long-term functional *** imaging may be of value for prognostication and to assess the response to *** may involve high-dose corticosteroids,intravenous immunoglobulin,and plasma ***,we review the hallmark clinicopathologic features and imaging findings of this rare but potentially devastating condition and summarize diagnostic criteria,treatment regimens,and proposed pathogenetic mechanisms.

关键词： Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-associated encephalitis Autoimmune encephalitis Encephalitis Ovarian teratoma Paraneoplastic syndrome Teratoma

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Performance analysis and design of loitering munitions: A comprehensive technical survey of recent developments

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2022年第3期18卷 325-343页

作者： mark Voskuijl Faculty of Military Sciences Netherlands DefenceAcademyDenHelderThe Netherlands

Loitering munitions are increasingly used in armed *** extensive database of loitering munitions is developed based on information available in the public *** database includes dimensions,weights,and performance parameters such as flight endurance and communication *** upon this dataset,6 categories of loitering munitions are identified and statistical trends in the form of equations are provided for each *** statistical trends are supported by aircraft performance theory tailored to loitering munitions ***,the combination of the database,statistical trends and aircraft performance theory can be used to analyse the flight performance and design considerations of new loitering munitions of which only limited non-technical information is available in the public domain such as pictures and news *** on the statistical trends and aircraft performance theory it is concluded that for long range applications,the preferred design solution is the conventional *** cruciform configuration is beneficial in case precision flight path control is of prime *** tandem wing configuration combines the benefits of a canister launch and relatively high aspect ratio wings suitable for long range ***,the delta wing design provides a large internal volume and a high terminal attack *** example case studies are included to illustrate the flight performance capabilities of two types of loitering munitions used in the current conflict in Yemen(a long range conventional design and a delta wing configuration).

关键词： Loitering munition Unmanned aerial vehicle Flight performance Design

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Sedation reversal trends at outpatient ambulatory endoscopic center vs in-hospital ambulatory procedure center using a triage protocol

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2024年第7期16卷 413-423页

作者： Saqib Walayat Peter Stadmeyer Azfar Hameed Minahil Sarfaraz Paul Estrada mark Benson Anurag Soni Patrick Pfau Paul Hayes Brittney Kile Toni Cruz Deepak Gopal Department of Gastroenterology University of IllinoisPeoriaIL 61605United States Department of Gastroenterology University of WisconsinMadisonWI 53792United States Department of Internal Medicine Texas Health DentonDentonTX 76201United States Department of Internal Medicine Allama Iqbal Medical CollegeLahore 042Pakistan Department of Gastroenterology Texas Tech University Health Services CenterEl PasoTX 79911United States Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology University of WisconsinMadisonWI 53705United States Finance Business Partners UW Health University of WisconsinMadisonWI 53792United States UW Health Digestive Health Center Endoscopy University of WisconsinMadisonWI 53792United States Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of MedicineUniversity of Wisconsin Hospitals and ClinicsMadisonWI 53705United States

BACKGROUND Routine outpatient endoscopy is performed across a variety of outpatient settings.A known risk of performing endoscopy under moderate sedation is the potential for over-sedation,requiring the use of reversal *** needs to be reported on rates of reversal across different outpatient *** academic tertiary care center utilizes a triage tool that directs higher-risk patients to the in-hospital ambulatory procedure center(APC)for their ***,we report data on outpatient sedation reversal rates for endoscopy performed at an inhospital APC vs at a free-standing ambulatory endoscopy digestive health center(AEC-DHC)following risk stratification with a triage *** To observe the effect of risk stratification using a triage tool on patient outcomes,primarily sedation reversal *** We observed all outpatient endoscopy procedures performed at AEC-DHC and APC from April 2013 to September *** were stratified to their respective sites using a triage *** evaluated each procedure for which sedation reversal with flumazenil and naloxone was *** and characteristics recorded include patient age,gender,body mass index(BMI),American Society of Anesthesiologists(ASA)classification,procedure type,and reason for sedation *** There were 97366 endoscopic procedures performed at AEC-DHC and 22494 at the APC during the study *** these,17 patients at AEC-DHC and 9 at the APC underwent sedation reversals(0.017%vs 0.04%;P=0.06).Demographics recorded for those requiring reversal at AEC-DHC vs APC included mean age(53.5±21 vs 60.4±17.42 years;P=0.23),ASA class(1.66±0.48 vs 2.22±0.83;P=0.20),BMI(27.7±6.7 kg/m^(2) vs 23.7±4.03 kg/m^(2);P=0.06),and female gender(64.7%vs 22%;P=0.04).The mean doses of sedative agents and reversal drugs used at AEC-DHC vs APC were midazolam(5.9±1.7 mg vs 8.9±3.5 mg;P=0.01),fentanyl(147.1±49.9μg vs 188.9±74.1μg;P=0.10),flumazenil(0.3±0.18μg vs 0.17±0.17μg;P=0.13)and naloxo

关键词： Ambulatory care Conscious sedation Endoscopy Colonoscopy Risk assessment Risk factors

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Prehospital transdermal glyceryl trinitrate for ultra- acute ischaemic stroke: data from the RIGHT- 2 randomised sham- controlled ambulance trial

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Stroke & Vascular Neurology 2024年第1期9卷 38-49,I0035-I0046页

作者： Jason Philip Appleton Lisa J Woodhouse Craig S Anderson Sandeep Ankolekar Lesley Cala mark Dixon Timothy J England Kailash Krishnan Grant Mair Keith W Muir John Potter Christopher I Price Marc Randall Thompson G Robinson Christine Roffe Else C Sandset Jeffrey L Saver Angela Shone Aloysius Niroshan Siriwardena Joanna M Wardlaw Nikola Sprigg Philip M Bath Stroke University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation TrustBirminghamUK Institute of Applied HealthResearch University of Birmingham College of Medical and Dental SciencesBirminghamUK Stroke Trials Unit Mental Health and Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUK Faculty of Medicine The George Institute for Global HealthSydneyNew South WalesAustralia The George Institute China at Peking University Health Science Center BeijingChina Neurology Royal Prince Alfred HospitalSydney Health PartnersSydneyNew South WalesAustralia Department of Neurology King's College Hospital NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Western AustraliaCrawleyWestern AustraliaAustralia East Midlands Ambulance Service NHS Trust NottinghamUK Stroke Queen's Medical CentreNottingham University Hospitals NHS TrustNottinghamUK Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences Dementia Research InstituteUniveristy of EdinburghEdinburghUK Institute of Neurology and Psychology University of GlasgowGlasgowUK Bob Champion Research and Education Building University of East AngliaNorwichUK Institute of Neuroscience Newcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK Department of Neurology Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS TrustLeedsUK Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre University of LeicesterLeicesterUK Stroke Research in Stoke Institute for Science and Technology in MedicineKeele UniversityStoke-on TrentUK Department of Neurology Oslo University HospitalOsloNorway Research and Development Norwegian Air Ambulance FoundationOsloNorway Department of Neurology and Comprehensive Stroke Center David Geffen School of MedicineUCLALos AngelesCaliforniaUSA Research and Graduate Services University of NottinghamNottinghamUK Community and Health Research Unit University of LincolnLincolnUK

Background The effect of transdermal glyceryl trinitrate(GTN,a nitrovasodilator)on clinical outcome when administered before hospital admission in suspected stroke patients is ***,we assess the safety and efficacy of GTN in the prespecified subgroup of patients who had an ischaemic stroke within the Rapid Intervention with Glyceryl trinitrate in Hypertensive stroke Trial-2(RIGHT-2).Methods RIGHT-2 was an ambulance-based multicentre sham-controlled blinded-endpoint study with patients randomised within 4hours of *** primary outcome was a shift in scores on the modified Rankin scale(mRS)at day *** outcomes included death;a global analysis(Wei-Lachin test)containing Barthel Index,EuroQol-5D,mRS,telephone interview for cognitive status-modified and Zung depression scale;and neuroimaging-determined‘brain frailty’*** were reported as n(%),mean(SD),median[IQR],adjusted common OR(acOR),mean difference or Mann-Whitney difference(MWD)with 95%*** 597 of 1149(52%)patients had a final diagnosis of ischaemic stroke;age 75(12)years,premorbid mRS>2107(18%),Glasgow Coma Scale 14(2)and time from onset to randomisation 67[45,108]***‘brain frailty’was common:median score 2[2,3](range 0–3).At day 90,GTN did not influence the primary outcome(acOR for increased disability 1.15,95%CI 0.85 to 1.54),death or global analysis(MWD 0.00,95%CI-0.10 to 0.09).In subgroup analyses,there were non-significant interactions suggesting GTN may be associated with more death and dependency in participants randomised within 1hour of symptom onset and in those with more severe *** In patients who had an ischaemic stroke,ultra-acute administration of transdermal GTN in the ambulance did not improve clinical outcomes in a population with more clinical and radiological frailty than seen in previous in-hospital *** IS ALREADY KNOWN ON THIS TOPIC⇒Transdermal glyceryl trinitrate(GTN)was associat-ed with less death and dependency in those w

关键词： Glasgow nitrate random

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