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Potential relevance of pig gut content transplantation for production and research

Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2019年第3期10卷 540-558页

作者： Nuria Canibe mark o’dea Sam Abraham Department of Animal Science Aarhus UniversityAU-FOULUMPO BOX 508830 TjeleDenmark Antimicrobial Resistance and Infectious Disease laboratory College of ScienceHealthEngineering and EducationMurdoch UniversityWestern AustraliaAustralia

It is becoming increasingly evident that the gastrointestinal microbiota has a significant impact on the overall health and production of the *** has led to intensified research on the composition of the gastrointestinal microbiota,factors affecting it,and the impact of the microbiota on health,growth performance,and more recently,behavior of the *** production research has been heavily focused on assessing the effects of feed additives and dietary modifications to alter or take advantage of select characteristics of gastrointestinal microbes to improve health and feed conversion *** on faecal microbiota transplantation(FMT) as a possible tool to improve outcomes in pigs through manipulation of the gastrointestinal microbiome is very recent and limited data is *** on FMT in humans demonstrating the transfer of phenotypic traits from donors to recipients and the high efficacy of FMT to treat Clostridium difficile infections in humans,together with data from pigs relating GI-tract microbiota composition with growth performance has likely played an important role in the interest towards this strategy in pig ***,several factors can influence the impact of FMT on the recipient,and these need to be identified and optimized before this tool can be applied to pig *** are obvious inherent biosecurity and regulatory issues in this strategy,since the donor's microbiome can never be completely screened for all possible non-desirable ***,considering the success observed in humans,it seems worth investigating this strategy for certain applications in pig ***,FMT research may lead to the identification of specific bacterial group(s) essential for a particular outcome,resulting in the development of banks of clones which can be used as targeted therapeutics,rather than the broader approach applied in *** review examines the factors associated with the use of FMT,and its pote

关键词： Clostridium difficile Faecal-microbiota-transplantation Feed conversion Gastrointestinal tract Health Microbiota Pig model Pigs

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Effect of mucin 4 allele on susceptibility to experimental infection with enterotoxigenic F4 Escherichia coli in pigs fed experimental diets

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2019年第4期10卷 981-989页

作者： Samantha o.Sterndale Danica J.Evans Josephine P.Mansfield Julie Clarke Shafi Sahibzada Sam Abraham mark o’dea David W.Miller Jae Cheol Kim John R.Pluske Agriculture Sciences College of ScienceHealthEngineering and Education Murdoch UniversityMurdochWA 6150Australia CSIRo Health and Biosecurity PO BOX 10041AdelaideBC 5000Australia Antimicrobial Resistance and Infectious Disease Laboratory Murdoch UniversityMurdochWA 6150Australia AB Vista Asia Pte.Ltd The MezzoWhampoa 329682Singapore

Background: This study investigated the validity of the DNA-marker based test to determine susceptibility to ETECF4 diarrhoea by comparing the results of two DNA sequencing techniques in weaner pigs following experimental infection with F4 enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli(ETEC-F4). The effects of diet and genetic susceptibility were assessed by measuring the incidence of piglet post-weaning diarrhoea(PWD), faecal E. coli shedding and the diarrhoea ***: A DNA marker-based test targeting the mucin 4 gene(MUC4) that encodes F4 fimbria receptor identified pigs as either fully susceptible(SS), partially or mildly susceptible(SR), and resistant(RR) to developing ETEC-F4 diarrhoea. To further analyse this, DNA sequencing was undertaken, and a significantly higher proportion of C nucleotides was observed for RR and SR at the Xba I cleavage site genotypes when compared to SS. However, no significant difference was found between SR and RR genotypes. Therefore, results obtained from Sanger sequencing retrospectively allocated pigs into a resistant genotype(MUC4–), in the case of a C nucleotide, and a susceptible genotype(MUC4+), in the case of a G nucleotide, at the single nucleotide polymorphism site. A total of 72 weaner pigs(age ~ 21 days), weighing 6.1 ± 1.2 kg(mean ± SEM), were fed 3 different diets:(i) positive control(PC) group supplemented with 3 g/kg zinc oxide(Zn o),(ii) negative control(NC) group(no Zn o or HAMSA),and(iii) a diet containing a 50 g/kg high-amylose maize starch product(HAMSA) esterified with acetate. At days five and six after weaning, all pigs were orally infected with ETEC(serotype o149:F4;toxins LT1, ST1, ST2 and EAST). The percentage of pigs that developed diarrhoea following infection was higher(P = 0.05) in MUC4+ pigs compared to MUC4– pigs(50% vs. 26.8%, respectively). Furthermore, pigs fed Zn o had less ETEC-F4 diarrhoea(P = 0.009) than pigs fed other diets, however faecal shedding of ETEC was similar(P > 0.05) between ***

关键词： Diarrhoea Escherichia coli F4 MUC4 Weaner pigs Zinc oxide

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Emerging role of A-kinase anchoring protein 5 signaling in reward circuit function

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第10期20卷 2913-2914页

作者： William J.Flerlage mark L.Dell’Acqua Brian M.Cox Fereshteh S.Nugent Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences Department of Pharmacology and Molecular TherapeuticsBethesdaMDUSA Department of Pharmacology University of Colorado School of MedicineAnschutz Medical CampusAuroraCOUSA

There is a strong evidence supporting the hypothesis of synaptic dysfunction as a major contributor to neural circuit and network disruption underlying emotional and mood dysregulation in psychiatric disorders(Simmons et al.,2024).Diverse sets of distinct molecular signaling pathways converge on the synapse to regulate synaptogenesis,synaptic function,and synaptic plasticity in brain regions and circuits through complex interactions organized by numerous multivalent protein scaffolds,including the family of proteins known as A-kinase anchoring proteins(AKAPs).

关键词： function supporting

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Students＇ motivation for architecture education in Uganda

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Frontiers of Architectural Research 2017年第3期6卷 308-317页

作者： mark R.o. olweny Welsh School of Architecture Cardiff University Cardiff CF10 3NB Wales United Kingdom

Understanding the persistence and success of students has gained increasing attention to unravel the ＂architectural education black-box.＂ However, the motivation and pre- socialization of incoming students were largely ignored as these factors fell outside the direct control of architecture schools. Motivational factors can affect the educational process given that the values, expectations, and career-related goals of incoming students influence their attitudes to education. This study seeks to uncover the motivational factors of applicants to an architecture program in East Africa and appreciate those factors that lead students into architecture as a career choice. Through qualitative content analysis, the study revealed the motivational factors of applicants, which were classified into four groups： educational, external, personal, and prestige. These factors were comparable with those found in previous studies conducted in Europe and North America, but nevertheless highlight contextual variances unique to the region. The findings raise questions of the role architecture education in engaging incoming students in discourse that aids their understanding of architecture and architectural education.

关键词： Architecture education Career decision-making Career aspirations Motivation Sociatization

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Inflammatory processes in the liver: divergent roles in homeostasis and pathology

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2021年第6期18卷 1375-1386页

作者： ola Ahmed mark W.Robinson Cliona o’Farrelly School of Medicine Trinity College DublinDublinIreland Department of Biology Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health ResearchMaynooth UniversityMaynoothIreland School of Biochemistry&Immunology Trinity College DublinDublin 2Ireland

The hepatic immune system is designed to tolerate diverse harmless foreign moieties to maintain homeostasis in the healthy *** priming and regulation ensure that appropriate immune activation occurs when challenged by pathogens and tissue *** to accurately discriminate,regulate,or effectively resolve inflammation offsets this balance,jeopardizing overall tissue health resulting from an either overly tolerant or an overactive inflammatory *** scientific and clinical evidence links dysregulated hepatic immune and inflammatory responses upon sterile injury to several pathological conditions in the liver,particularly nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and ischemia-reperfusion *** and human studies have described interactions between diverse immune repertoires and nonhematopoietic cell populations in both physiological and pathological activities in the liver,although the molecular mechanisms driving these associations are not clearly ***,we review the dynamic roles of inflammatory mediators in responses to sterile injury in the context of homeostasis and disease,the clinical implications of dysregulated hepatic immune activity and therapeutic developments to regulate liver-specific immunity.

关键词： homeostasis immunology inflammation liver

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Natural forests in New Zealand–a large terrestrial carbon pool in a national state of equilibrium

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Forest Ecosystems 2021年第3期8卷 458-478页

作者： Thomas Paul mark o.Kimberley Peter N.Beets Scion Private Bag 3020Rotorua 3046New Zealand Environmental Statistics Ltd Whangapararoa 0930New Zealand retired(previously Scion) Rotorua 3010New Zealand

Background:Natural forests cover approximately 29%of New Zealand’s landmass and represent a large terrestrial carbon *** 2002 New Zealand implemented its first representative plot-based natural forest inventory to assess carbon stocks and stock changes in these mostly undisturbed old-growth *** previous studies have provided estimates of biomass or carbon stocks,these were either not fully representative or lacked data from important pools such as dead wood(coarse woody debris).The current analysis provides the most complete estimates of carbon stocks and stock changes in natural forests in New ***:We present estimates of per hectare carbon stocks and stock changes in live and dead organic matter pools excluding soil carbon based on the first two measurement cycles of the New Zealand Natural Forest Inventory carried out from 2002 to *** show that New Zealand’s natural forests are in balance and are neither a carbon source nor a carbon *** average total carbon stock was 227.0±14.4 tC·ha^(−1)(95%C.I.)and did not change significantly in the 7.7 years between measurements with the net annual change estimated to be 0.03±0.18 tC·ha^(−1)·yr^(−1).There was a wide variation in carbon stocks between forest *** forest had an averaged carbon stock of only 53.6±9.4 tC·ha^(−1) but had a significant sequestration rate of 0.63±0.25 tC·ha^(−1)·yr^(−1),while tall forest had an average carbon stock of 252.4±15.5 tC·ha^(−1),but its sequestration rate did not differ significantly from zero(−0.06±0.20 tC·ha^(−1)·yr^(−1)).The forest alliance with the largest average carbon stock in above and below ground live and dead organic matter pools was silver beech-red beech-kamahi forest carrying 360.5±34.6 tC·ha^(−1).dead wood and litter comprised 27%of the total carbon ***:New Zealand’s Natural Forest Inventory provides estimates of carbon stocks including estimates for difficult to measure pools such as dead wood and roots.I

关键词： Forest inventory Natural forests Carbon stocks and change Terrestrial carbon pool

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Impact of nitrogen input from biosolids application on carbon sequestration in a Pinus radiata forest

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Forest Ecosystems 2022年第2期9卷 213-221页

作者： Jianming Xue mark o.Kimberley Russell B.McKinley Scion PO Box 29237Christchurch8440New Zealand Retired(previously Scion) Rotorua3010New Zealand Scion Private Bag 3020Rotorua3046New Zealand

Background:Forest management practices(*** of stand density,fertilisation)are just as important in carbon(C)forestry as in other types of forestry and will affect the level of C sequestration and *** C stored in wood is approximately proportional to the product of its volume and density,it is necessary to account for both volume growth and wood density when assessing the effects of fertilisation on C sequestration in pine ***:The effects of nitrogen(N)input from biosolids application on forest C sequestration were quantified from an intensively monitored biosolids field trial in a Pinus radiata plantation on a sandy soil in New *** field trial tested the application of three biosolids rates:Control(no application),Standard(300 kg N⋅ha^(-1) applied every three years),and High(600 kg N⋅ha^(-1) applied every three years),across three levels of stand density:300,450,and 600 stems⋅ha^(-1).Carbon sequestration was estimated using the C-Change model from annual plot measurements of stand density,stem height and diameter,and annual breast height wood densities obtained from increment ***:By age 24 years,N-fertilised trees had sequestered 40 t C⋅ha^(-1) more than unfertilised trees,an increase of 18%.Fertilisation increased stem volume by 23%but reduced stem wood density by 2.5%.Most of the increased C sequestration occurred between age 6 and age 17 years and the Standard rate gave the same increase in C sequestration as the High *** average,there was no significant difference in growth rate between fertilised and unfertilised trees after the 17th growth year,but the increased growth ceased earlier at higher stand densities,and later at lower stand ***:This study indicates that 2–3 applications of the Standard rate would have been sufficient to achieve the increased C sequestration,with an applied N to C conversion ratio of 43–65 kg C⋅kg^(-1) *** results highlight that N fertilisation will become

关键词： Biosolids application Stand density and growth Wood density C sequestration

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ophthalmologic complications of antiviral therapy in hepatitis C treatment

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第45期19卷 8227-8237页

作者： Roderick o'Day mark C Gillies Golo Ahlenstiel Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Westmead Hospital Westmead NSW 2145Australia Clinical ophthalmology and Eye Health The University of Sydney Sydney NSW 2000Australia Storr Liver Unit Westmead Millennium Institute The University of Sydney Sydney NSW 2145 Australia

Antiviral therapy consisting of interferon-alpha and ribavirin for chronic hepatitis C infection is associated with multi-system *** complications are common and can be classified into two groups:interferon-associated retinopathy and atypical adverse ***-associated retinopathy has been investigated by multiple observational studies that have found widely divergent *** clinical importance of this complication is,consequently,*** review examines the literature with the specific goal of identifying the most important ophthalmologic issues facing the hepatologist prescribing antiviral ***,it assesses the incidence of interferon-associated retinopathy,as well as its risk factors,pathogenesis,clinical manifestations and options for management using data from the observational *** likely benefit of a screening program,especially one targeting patients with the highest risk of developing interferon-associated retinopathy,is *** ophthalmologic adverse events occur less frequently than interferon-associated retinopathy during antiviral therapy for chronic hepatitis C *** often,however,lead to irreversible vision *** examine the reports of these adverse events-in individual case reports or case series and in the observational studies investigating interferon-associated retinopathy-to describe the spectrum of these adverse events,the likely outcome for patients and to highlight the most important areas of future clinical research.

关键词： Interferon Hepatitis C ocular complications Retinopathy

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First Record of the Poorly Known Skink Sphenomorphus oligolepis(Boulenger,1914)(Reptilia：Squamata： Scincidae) from Seram Island,Maluku Province,Indonesia

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Asian Herpetological Research 2016年第1期7卷 64-68页

作者： Sven MECKE Max KIECKBUSCH mark o’SHEA Hinrich KAISER Department of Animal Evolution and Systematics and Zoological Collection Marburg Faculty of BiologyPhilipps-Universitat MarburgKarl-von-Frisch-Strafle 835032 MarburgGermany Faculty of Science and Engineering University of WolverhamptonWulfruna StreetWolverhamptonWV1 1LYUnited Kingdom West Midland Safari Park BewdleyWorcestershire D Y12 1LFUnited Kingdom Department of Biology Victor Valley College18422 Bear Valley RoadVictorvilleCalifornia 92395USA Department of Vertebrate Zoology National Museum of Natural HistorySmithsonian InstitutionWashingtonDC 20013USA

Based on four specimens discovered in the collection of the natural History Museum, London, United kingdom, we present a new distribution record for the skink Sphenomorphus oligolepis for seram island, Maluku Province, Indonesia. This find constitutes the westernmost record for the species and extends its range by over 800 km. the species was heretofore only known from apparently isolated mainland new Guinean populations.

关键词： scincidae Lygosominae Sphenomorphus oligolepis new record seram Maluku islands indonesia Wallacea

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Ab initio modeling of the energy landscape for screw dislocations in body-centered cubic high-entropy alloys

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npj Computational Materials 2020年第1期6卷 754-764页

作者： Sheng Yin Jun Ding mark Asta Robert o.Ritchie Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of CaliforniaBerkeleyCA 94720USA Materials Sciences Division Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCA 94720USA

In traditional body-centered cubic(bcc)metals,the core properties of screw dislocations play a critical role in plastic deformation at low ***,much attention has been focused on refractory high-entropy alloys(RHEAs),which also possess bcc crystal ***,unlike face-centered cubic high-entropy alloys(HEAs),there have been far fewer investigations into bcc HEAs,specifically on the possible effects of chemical short-range order(SRo)in these multiple principal element alloys on dislocation ***,using density functional theory,we investigate the distribution of dislocation core properties in MoNbTaW RHEAs alloys,and how they are influenced by *** average values of the core energies in the RHEA are found to be larger than those in the corresponding pure constituent bcc metals,and are relatively insensitive to the degree of ***,the presence of SRo is shown to have a large effect on narrowing the distribution of dislocation core energies and decreasing the spatial heterogeneity of dislocation core energies in the *** is argued that the consequences of the mechanical behavior of HEAs is a change in the energy landscape of the dislocations,which would likely heterogeneously inhibit their motion.

关键词： alloys deformation cubic

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