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Integrated energy in Germany-A critical look at the development and state of integrated energies in Germany

Frontiers in Energy 2018年第4期12卷 493-500页

作者： Saman AMANPOUR Daniel HUCK mark kuprat Harald SCHWARZ Energy Distribution and High Voltage Engineering Faculty 3Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-SenftenbergCottbus 03013Germany

In the face of global warming and a scarcity of resources, future energy systems are urged to undergo a major and radical transformation. The recognition of the need to embrace renewable energy technologies and to move toward decarbonization has led to significant changes in the German energy generation, consumption and infrastructure. Ambitious German national plans to decrease carbon dioxide emissions on one side, and the unpredictable and volatile nature of renewable energy sources on the other side have elevated the importance of integrated energies in recent years. The deployment of integrated technologies as a solution to interlink various infrastructures creates opportunities for increasing the reliability of energy systems, minimizing environmental impacts and maximizing the share of renewable resources. This paper discusses the role of integrated energy systems in supporting of sustainable solutions for future energy transitions. Moreover, the reinforcement of this movement with the help of different technologies will be discussed and the development of integrated energy systems in Germany will be reviewed.

关键词： integrated energy renewable energies energy transition power-to-gas power-to-heat power-to-mobility energy storage

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Possible role of power-to-heat and power-to-gas as flexibleloads in German medium voltage networks

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Frontiers in Energy 2017年第2期11卷 135-145页

作者： mark kuprat Martin BENDIG Klaus PFEIFFER Forschungszentrum 3E LS EVH Siemens-Halske-Ring 13 03046Cottbus Germany

Germany’s energy transition triggered a rapid and unilateral growth of renewable energy sources (RES) in the electricity sector. With increasing shares of intermittent RES, overcapacities during periods of strong wind and photovoltaic electricity generation occur. In the face of insufficient transmission capacities, due to an inhibited network extension, the electricity generation has to be curtailed. This curtailment of RES leads to economic losses and could be avoided through flexible loads. As an option to cope with those problems, the technologies of power-to-gas (PtG) and power-to-heat (PtH) are presented in this paper. First, the alkaline electrolyzer (AEL), polymer electrolyte membrane electrolyzer (PEMEL), and solid oxide electrolyzer cell (SOEC) are investigated regarding their operational parameters. Second, the electric boiler, electrode heating boiler, and heat pumps are considered. Ultimately, the network-supporting abilities and the potential to provide ancillary services, such as control power, load sequence operation, cold start and part load capability, are compared among one another.

关键词： power-to-gas power-to-heat flexible loads ancillary services coherent energy systems

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