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Avulsion Dynamics in a River with Alternating Bedrock and Alluvial Reaches, Huron River, Northern Ohio (USA)

Open j.urnal of Modern Hydrology 2019年第1期9卷 20-39页

作者： mark j. potucek j.mes E. Evans Arizona Department of Water Resources Phoenix AZ USA Department of Geology Bowling Green State University Bowling Green OH USA

The Huron River consists of alternating bedrock reaches and alluvial reaches. Analysis of historical aerial photography from 1950-2015 reveals six maj.r channel avulsion events in the 8-km study area. These avulsions occurred in the alluvial reaches but were strongly influenced by the properties of the upstream bedrock reach (“inherited characteristics”). The bedrock reaches aligned with the azimuth of j.int sets in the underlying bedrock. One inherited characteristic in the alluvial reach downstream is that the avulsion channels diverged only slightly from the orientation of the upstream bedrock channel (range 2 °- 38 °, mean and standard deviation 12.1 °± 13.7 °). A second inherited characteristic is that avulsion channels were initiated from short distances downstream after exiting the upstream bedrock channel reach (range 62 - 266 m, mean and standard deviation 143.7 ± 71.0 m), which is a fraction of the meander wavelength (1.2 km). Field evidence shows that some avulsion channel sites were re-occupied episodically. In addition, two properties were necessary for channel avulsions: 1) avulsion events were triggered by channel-forming hydrologic events (5-year recurrence interval flows), but not every channel-forming hydrologic event resulted in an avulsion, and 2) channel sinuosity (P) increased to 1.72 - 1.77 prior to an avulsion then decreased to 1.65 - 1.70 following an avulsion, suggesting that P ≥ 1.72 is the “critical sinuosity” or triggering value for avulsions on the Huron River. In summary, for this river consisting of alternating bedrock and alluvial reaches, the bedrock reaches impose certain parameters on downstream alluvial reaches (including sediment supply, channel direction and avulsion channel position downstream after exiting a bedrock reach) while adj.stments in sinuosity and sediment storage occur in the alluvial reaches.

关键词： Avulsion Bedrock Channels Alluvial Channels Cut-Offs Historical Changes Fluvial Sediment Budgets

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Emerging role of A-kinase anchoring protein 5 signaling in reward circuit function

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第10期20卷 2913-2914页

作者： William j.Flerlage mark L.Dell’Acqua Brian M.Cox Fereshteh S.Nugent Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences Department of Pharmacology and Molecular TherapeuticsBethesdaMDUSA Department of Pharmacology University of Colorado School of MedicineAnschutz Medical CampusAuroraCOUSA

There is a strong evidence supporting the hypothesis of synaptic dysfunction as a maj.r contributor to neural circuit and network disruption underlying emotional and mood dysregulation in psychiatric disorders(Simmons et al.,2024).Diverse sets of distinct molecular signaling pathways converge on the synapse to regulate synaptogenesis,synaptic function,and synaptic plasticity in brain regions and circuits through complex interactions organized by numerous multivalent protein scaffolds,including the family of proteins known as A-kinase anchoring proteins(AKAPs).

关键词： function supporting

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Impacts of climate warming on hybrid zone movement： Geographically diffuse and biologically porous ＂species borders＂

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Insect Science 2011年第2期18卷 121-159页

作者： j. mark Scriber Department of Entomology Michigan State University East Lansing Michigan McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity Flonda Museum of Natural History University of Florida Gainesville Florida USA

The ecology and evolutionary biology of insect-plant associations has real- ized extensive attention, especially during the past 60 years. The classifications （categorical designations） of continuous variation in biodiversity, ranging from global patterns （e.g., lat- itudinal gradients in species richness/diversity and degree of herbivore feeding specialization） to localized insect-plant associations that span the biospectrum from polyphenisms, polymorphisms, biotypes, demes, host races, to cryptic species, remain academically contentious. Semantic and biosystematic （taxonomical） disagreements sometimes detract from more important ecological and evolutionary processes that drive diversification, the dynamics of gene flow and local extinctions. This review addresses several aspects of insect specialization, host-associated divergence and ecological （including ＂hybrid＂） speciation, with special reference to the climate warming impacts on species borders of hybridiz- ing swallowtail butterflies （Papilionidae）. Interspecific hybrid introgression may result in collapse of multi-species communities or increase species numbers via homoploid hybrid speciation. We may see diverging, merging, or emerging genotypes across hybrid zones, all part of the ongoing processes of evolution. Molecular analyses of genetic mosaics and genomic dynamics with ＂divergence hitchhiking＂, combined with ecological, ethological and physiological studies of＂species porosity＂, have already begun to unveil some answers for some important ecological/evolutionary questions. （i） How rapidly can host-associated divergence lead to new species （and why doesn＇t it always do so, e.g., resulting in ＂incom- plete＂ speciation）？（ii） How might ＂speciation genes＂ function, and how/where would we find them？（iii） Can oscillations from specialists to generalists and back to specialists help explain global diversity in herbivorous insects？（iv） How could recombinant interspecific hybridization lead to divergence an

关键词： cryptic species divergence hitchhiking ecologiealspeciation host associateddivergence mosaic genomes range limits recombinant hybrid species phylogeography,polyspecialists species boundaries

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Integrating ancient patterns and current dynamics of insect-plant interactions＂ Taxonomic and geographic variation in herbivore specialization

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Insect Science 2010年第6期17卷 471-507页

作者： j. mark Scriber Department of Entomology Michigan State University East Lansing Michigan McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity Florida Museum of Natural History University of Florida Gainesville Florida USA

The search for pattern in the ecology and evolutionary biology of insect-plant associations has fascinated biologists for centuries. High levels of tropical （tow-latitude） plant and insect diversity relative to poleward latitudes and the disproportionate abundance of host-specialized insect herbivores have been noted. This review addresses several aspects of local insect specialization, host use abilities （and loss of these abilities with specialization）, host-associated evolutionary divergence, and ecological （including ＂hybrid＂） speciation, with special reference to the generation of biodiversity and the geographic and taxonomic identification of ＂species borders＂ for swallowtail butterflies （Papilionidae）. From ancient phytochemically defined angiosperm affiliations that trace back millions of years to recent and very local specialized populations, the Papilionidae （swallowtail butterflies） have provided a model for enhanced tmderstanding of localized ecological patterns and genetically based evolutionary processes. They have served as a useful group for evaluating the feeding specialization/physiological efficiency hypothesis. They have shown how the abiotic （thermal） environment interacts with host nutritional suitability to generate ＂voltinisrn/suitability＂ gradients in specialization or preference latitudinally, and geographical mosaics locally. Several studies reviewed here suggest strongly that the oscillation hypothesis for speciation does have considerable merit, but at the same time, some species-level host specializations may lead to evolutionary dead-ends, especially with rapid environmental/habitat changes involving their host plants. Latitudinal gradients in species richness and degree of herbivore feeding specialization have been impacted by recent developments in ecological genetics and evolutionary ecology. Localized insect- plant associations that span the biospectrum from polyphenisms, polymorphisms, biotypes, demes, host races, to cryptic speci

关键词： evolutionary dead-ends key innovations latitudinal gradients oscillation hypothesis of speciation polyspecialists preference/performance specialization/physiological efficiency hypothesis voltinism-suitability hypothesis

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A review of refinery complexity applications

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Petroleum Science 2017年第1期14卷 167-194页

作者： mark j. Kaiser Center for Energy Studies Louisiana State UniversityEnergy Coast and Environment Building Baton RougeLA 70803 USA

Refinery complexity quantifies the sophistication and capital intensity of a refinery and has found widespread application in facility classification, cost estimation, sales price models, and other uses. Despite the ubiquity and widespread use of refining complexity, however, surprisingly little material has been written on its applications. The pur- pose of this review is to describe the primary applications of refinery complexity and some recent extensions. A secondary purpose of this review is to provide a framework that unifies complexity applications and suggests avenues for future research. Examples illustrate the applications considered.

关键词： Cost estimation Functional complexityInverse problem Replacement cost Refineryclassification Sales price models

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Segregation of F-2 interspecific hybrid growth performance and wing color patterns relative to parental species in the Papilio machaon species group （Lepidoptera： Papilionidae）

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Insect Science 2007年第5期14卷 389-400页

作者： j. mark SCRIBER Department of Entomology Michigan State University East Lansing Michigan USA

A strange Papilio female specimen with a prominent yellow wing band type very much like P. brevicauda （and also seen in P. machaon, and P. zelicaon） was captured in the forested mountains of southwest Vermont, USA. Despite its brevicauda-like appearance, it had mt-DNA of P. polyxenes. In eastern North America the P. brevicauda （Maritime Provinces of Canada） is currently believed to reflect previous （ancient） hybridization between ancestral P. machaon and P. polyxenes. It is uncertain whether the brevicauda-like wing trait features in the odd Vermont female may be a result of some introgression of P. machaon or P. brevicauda with P. polyxenes in eastern North America as seen also in the Ozark Mountains with P. j.anae. Nonetheless, the significance of wing trait analyses in relation to hybrid zones with P. polyxenes remains relevant. The segregation of wing color patterns and hostplant use abilities （efficiencies and growth rates） were examined for laboratory hand-paired F-2 hybrids of P. zelicaon ~ Papilio polyxenes relative to the parental species and primary hybrids. The black adult color pattern characterizing P. polyxenes is presumed to be inherited as a simple autosomal dominant. These hybrids were examined to determine：（i） how F-1 primary hybrid offspring perform relative to the parental types in survival, growth rates, and growth efficiencies; and （ii） whether these larval traits and the adult color patterns might be linked with wing morphology in the F-2 hybrids. While the F-1 hybrids grew as well as the P. polyxenes parent （P. zelicaon was significantly less efficient and slower in growth than either of these）, we could not convincingly determine whether the growth performances of the F-2 segregants were linked with the parental wing patterns.

关键词： hybrid swarms feeding efficiencies autosomai trait genetics Papilio polyxenes,Papilio zelicaon Papilio brevicauda

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Divergence in the ovipositional behavior of the Papilio glaucus group

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Insect Science 2008年第4期15卷 361-367页

作者： Rodrigo j. Mercader j. mark Scriber Department of Entomology Michigan State University East Lansing MI48824 USA

This study contrasts the ovipositional profiles of four members of the Papilio glaucus group, P. glaucus, P. multicaudatus, P. canadensis, and P. rutulus. We used seven choice oviposition bioassays containing leaves from hosts in seven plant families utilized by members of the P. glaucus group. Specifically, we contrast the overall ovipositional profiles of these species and their acceptance of a host in a novel plant family （Populus tremuloides： Salicaceae） and a host in a putatively ancestral host plant family （Liriodendron tulipifera： Magnoliaceae）. Significant differences were observed between the ovipositional profiles of P. glaucus and P. multicaudatus relative to each other and to P. canadensis and P. rutulus. In contrast, no significant differences were observed between the ovipositional profiles of P. canadensis and P. rutulus, which were also the only species that accepted P. tremuloides. Unlike the acceptance of P. tremuloides, the acceptance of L. tulipifera was present throughout the group despite the inability of the larvae of most species in the group to utilize this host. These results support the prediction of the ＂hierarchical threshold model＂ that ancestral host plants are likely to be retained in the ovipositional hierarchy while novel hosts should only be accepted by derived populations.

关键词： host preference insect-plant interactions Lepidoptera Papilionidae

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Effects of diurnal temperature range on adult size and emergence times from diapausing pupae in Papilio glaucus and R canadensis （Papilionidae）

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Insect Science 2011年第4期18卷 435-442页

作者： j. mark Scriber Brittany Sonke Department of Entomology Michigan State University East Lansing Michigan McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity Flonda Museum of Natural History University of Florida Gainesville Florida USA

With recent climate warming trends, both the increase in thermal variance （i.e., diurnal temperature range; DTR） as well as increased mean temperature may impact many different organisms, especially poikilothermic invertebrates. Predictions of insect developmental rates using degree-days （thermal unit accumulations above the developmental base threshold of the insect） are based on daily mean temperatures, regardless of DTR. However, non-linearity and variance in the means and extremes are often ignored. The role of thermal variance （e.g., daily temperature extremes and DTR） was evaluated experimentally for two swallowtail butterfly sister species using a common day/night photoperiod of 18 ： 6 h photo ： scoto-phase and corresponding daytime thermophase and nighttime cryophase periods of 22 ： 22℃ （constant 22℃）, 24 ： 16℃, and 26 ： 10℃（all three treatments had the same daily mean and the same degree-day accumulations）. Although developmental rates ofpost-diapause pupae were largely unaffected for both species, our results show that sizes in P canadensis females （but not males） were smaller in the treatments with more variance （26℃ ： 10℃） compared to constant 22℃. Such potentially significant impacts of size reduction in P canadensis females were not observed in P glaucus males or females under the same series ofthermo-period treatments.

关键词： climate warming degree-days diurnal temperature range (DTR) photoperiods swallowtail butterflies thermoperiods

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Salicaceae detoxification abilities in Florida tiger swallowtail butterflies （Papilio glaucus maynardi Gauthier）＂ Novel ability or Pleistocene holdover？

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Insect Science 2012年第3期19卷 337-345页

作者： Matthew S. Lehnert j. mark Scriber McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity Florida Museum of Natural History University of Florida Gainesville Florida Department of Entomology Soils and Plant Sciences Clemson University Clemson South Carolina Department of Entomology Michigan State University East Lansing Michigan USA

Florida populations of the eastern tiger swallowtail butterfly, Papilio glaucus L., have unique morphological features and ecological adaptations that have contributed to their subspecies status （P. g. rnaynardi Gauthier）. We describe geographically unique abilities for detoxification of Carolina willow, Salix caroliniana Michx. （Salicaceae）, for several Florida populations of P. g. maynardi. Of all the approximately 570 worldwide species of the Papilionidae, such Salicaceae detoxification abilities exist only in the allopatric North American western and northernmost species （P. rutulus Lucas, R eurymedon Lucas and P. canadensis Rothschild ＆ j.rdan）. Females of P. glaucus collected from populations in southeastern USA were examined for oviposition preference in 5-choice assays, and displayed a low preference for Salicaceae （〈5%）, but larvae from Florida populations exhibited a high survival （〉 60%） on these plants. Detoxification abilities have previously shown to be autosomally inherited, and can be transferred via natural or hand-paired interspecific hybrid introgression. However, these Florida populations are at least 700-1 500 km from the nearest hybrids or the hybrid species, 17. appalachiensis Pavulaan ＆ Wright, which possess these detoxification abilities. In any case, the Z （ = X）-linked oviposition preferences for Salicaceae are lacking in these Florida populations, illustrating genetic independence ofoviposition preference determination and larval survival/performance abilities. The origins of detoxification abilities are unlikely to be due to recent climate-driven introgression, and may represent ancestral trait carry-overs from interglacial refugium populations of the Pleistocene epoch.

关键词： eastern tiger swallowtail genetic introgression interglacial island refugia,Papilio glaucus maynardi Papilionidae host plants Salicaceae detoxification

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Reversible phosphorylation of the 26S proteasome

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Protein & Cell 2017年第4期8卷 255-272页

作者： Xing Guo Xiuliang Huang mark j. Chen The Life Sciences Institute of Zhej.ang University Hangzhou 310058 China Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Science School of Life Sciences Tsinghua University Beijinq 100084 China Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Genentech Inc. South San Francisco CA 94080 USA

The 26S proteasome at the center of the ubiquitin- proteasome system （UPS） is essential for virtually all cellular processes of eukaryotes. A common miscon- ception about the proteasome is that, once made, it remains as a static and uniform complex with sponta- neous and constitutive activity for protein degradation. Recent discoveries have provided compelling evidence to support the exact opposite insomuch as the 26S proteasome undergoes dynamic and reversible phos- phorylation under a variety of physiopathological con- ditions. In this review, we summarize the history and current understanding of proteasome phosphorylation, and advocate the idea of targeting proteasome kinases/ phosphatases as a new strategy for clinical interven- tions of several human diseases.

关键词： proteasome phosphorylation kinase,phosphatase protein degradation

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