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The Salicylic Acid Receptor NPR3 Is a Negative Regulator of the Transcriptional Defense Response during Early Flower Development in Arabidopsis

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Molecular Plant 2013年第3期6卷 802-816页

作者： Zi Shi Siela Maximova Yi Liu j.seph Verica mark j. Guiltinan The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA Department of Plant Science Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA

Arabidopsis NON-EXPRESSOR OF PR1 （NPR1） is a transcription co-activator that plays a central role in regulating the transcriptional response to plant pathogens. The NPR family consists of NPR1 and five NPRl-like genes. The NPR1 paralog NPR3 has recently been shown to function as a receptor of the plant hormone salicylic acid and to mediate proteosomal degradation of NPR1. The function of NPR3 protein during early flower development was revealed through a detailed molecular-genetic analysis including promoter transcriptional fusion analysis, phenotype characterization of npr3-3 mutants/overexpressors, and whole-plant fitness analysis. The physical interaction between NPR3 and NPR1/ TGA2 was explored using bimolecular fluorescence complementation analysis in onion epidermal cells, Here, we show that NPR3 expression was strongest in the petals and sepals of developing flowers and declined after flower opening. Consistently with this observation, an npr3 knockout mutant displayed enhanced resistance to Pseudomonas syringae infection of immature flowers, but not leaves. Developing npr3 flowers exhibited increased levels of basal and induced PR1 transcript accumulation. However, the npr3 mutant showed lower fitness compared to Col-0 in the absence of pathogen. Moreover, NPR3 was shown to interact with NPR1 and TGA2 in vivo. Our data suggest that NPR3 is a negative regulator of defense responses during early flower development and it may function through the association with both NPR1 and TGA2.

关键词： plant defense NPR3 negative regulator Arabidopsis flower.

Endogenous Glucocorticoids and Bone

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Bone Research 2013年第2期1卷 107-119页

作者： Hong Zhou mark S. Cooper markus j. Seibel Bone Research Program ANZAC Research Institute Concord Clinical School The University of Sydney Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism Concord Hospital

While the adverse effects of glucocorticoids on bone are well described, positive effects of glucocorticoids on the differentiation of osteoblasts are also observed. These paradoxical effects of glucocorticoids are dose dependent. At both physiologicaland supraphysiological levels of glucocorticoids, osteoblasts and osteocytes are the maj.r glucocorticoid target cells. However, the response of the osteoblasts to each of these is quite distinct. At physiology levels, glucocorticoids direct mesenchymal progenitor cells to differentiate towards osteoblasts and thus increase bone formation in a positive way. In contrast with ageing, the excess production of glucocorticoids, at both systemic and intracellular levels, appear to impact on osteoblast and osteocytes in a negative way in a similar fashion to that seen with therapeutic glucocorticoids. This review will focus on therole of glucocorticoids in normal bone physiology, with particular emphasis on the mechanism by which endogenous glucocorticoids impact on bone and its constituent cells.

关键词： glucocorticoids mechanisms of action bone osteoblasts skeletal development Wnt signaling

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Lung Pathology 1

Assessing ecological and physiological costs of melanism in North American Papilio glaucus females: two decades of dark morph frequency declines

丛书名： Current Clinical Pathology

2005年

作者： Stuart Houser Ulysses j. Balis Eugene j. mark

ISBN: (数字)9781592599370

ISBN: (纸本)9781588293886

A novel and substantive approach to teaching the diagnostic elements of pulmonary pathology. Drawing on 263 challenging, yet exemplary, referral cases taken from files collected over 20 years by internationally renowned lung pathologist, Dr. Eugene mark, the authors introduce his state-of-the-art approach to the interpretation of pulmonary pathology. They illustrate the principles of his diagnostic approach with high-resolution color images found on the CD accompanying the book. This Lung Pathology Atlas on CD-ROM contains the histological record of each case, usually as five-color images that are representative of the histology seen on the slides that were sent to Dr. mark in consultation, with the pathology being described in his letters to the referring pathologists. This text includes the primary and/or differential diagnosis and the pertinent histological features of each case, as well as clinical history, when available. Key words or phrases in the text are highlighted and digitally hyperlinked to associated images or regions of interest within those images to assist the readers in their correlation. The CD allows readers to differentiate subtle differences in histology when separating one disease entity from another and to broaden their understanding of the natural history of the disease through examples of medical lung disease in different phases of progression

关键词： Pathology

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Insect Science 2020年第3期27卷 583-612页

作者： j.mark Scriber Department of Entomology Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity Florida Museum of Natural HistoryUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA

Polymorphisms for melanic form of insects may provide various selective ***,melanic alleles may have significant/subtle pleiotrophic“costs.”Several potential pleiotrophic effects of the W(=Y)‐linked melanism gene in Papilio glaucus L.(Lepidoptera)showed no costs for melanic versus yellow in adult size,oviposition preferences,fecundity,egg viability,larval survival/growth rates,cold stress tolerance,or postdiapause emergence *** selection(males choosing yellow rather than mimetic dark females)had been suggested to provide a balanced polymorphism in ***,but spermatophore counts in wild females and direct field tethering studies of size‐matched pairs of virgin females(dark and yellow),show that male preferences are random or frequency‐dependent from Florida to Michigan,providing no yellow counter‐*** frequency declines of dark(melanic/mimetic)females in *** populations are shown in several maj.r populations from Florida(27.3°N latitude)to Ohio(38.5°N).Summer temperatures have increased significantly at all these locations during this time(1999–2018),but whether dark morphs may be more vulnerable(in any stage)to such climate warming remains to be *** potential reasons for the frequency declines in mimetic females are discussed:(i)genetic introgression of Z‐linked melanism suppressor genes from ***(R&j.and the hybrid species,***(Pavulaan&Wright),(ii)differential developmental incompatibilities,or Haldane effects,known to occur in hybrids,(iii)selection against intermediately melanic(“dusty”)females(with the W‐linked melanic gene,b+)which higher temperatures can cause.

关键词： climate warming ecology of melanism incomplete mimicry pleiotrophic costs

A Simulation of the Dependence of Tidal Interaction on Galaxy Type in Compact Groups

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Fundamentals of operations management / mark M. Davis, Nicholas j. Aquilano, Richard B. Chase. 4th ed.

International j.urnal of Astronomy and Astrophysics（天文学与天体物理学国际期刊） 2024年第2期 85页

作者： mark j.Henriksen Mateo Mej.a

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Evidence for the Role Evolutionary Increase Yield in Cotton of Transfer Cells in the in Seed and Fiber Biomass

丛书名： McGraw-Hill/Irwin series operations and decision sciences

2003年

作者： mark M. Davis Nicholas j. Aquilano Richard B. Chase.

First ed. published under: Aquilano, Nicholas j.

ISBN: (数字)0072402857

ISBN: (纸本)007119469X

First ed. published under: Aquilano, Nicholas j.

关键词： Production management.

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Molecular Plant 2010年第6期3卷 1075-1086页

作者： Deborah A. Pugh Christina E. Offler mark j. Talbot Yong-Ling Ruan School of Environmental and Life Sciences University of Newcastle Callaghan NSW 2308 Australia Australia-China Research Centre for Crop Improvement University of Newcastle Callaghan NSW 2308 Australia CSIRO Plant Industry Canberra ACT 2601 Australia

Transfer cells （TCs） are specialized cells exhibiting invaginated wall ingrowths （Wls）, thereby amplifying their plasma membrane surface area （PMSA） and hence the capacity to transport nutrients. However, it remains unknown as to whether TCs play a role in biomass yield increase during evolution or domestication. Here, we examine this issue from a comparative evolutionary perspective. The cultivated tetraploid AD genome species of cotton and its A and D genome diploid progenitors displayed high, medium, and low seed and fiber biomass yield, respectively. In all three species, cells of the innermost layer of the seed coat j.xtaposed to the filial tissues trans-differentiated to a TC morphology. Electron microscopic analyses revealed that these TCs are characterized by sequential formation of flange and reticulate Wls during the phase of rapid increase in seed biomass. Significantly, TCs from the tetraploid species developed substantially more flange and reticulate Wls and exhibited a higher degree of reticulate WI formation than their progenitors. Consequently, the estimated PMSA of TCs of the tetraploid species was about 4 and 70 times higher than that of TCs of the A and D genome progenitors, respectively, which correlates positively with seed and fiber biomass yield. Further, TCs with extensive Wls in the tetraploid species had much stronger expression of sucrose synthase, a key enzyme involved in TC Wl formation and function, than those from the A and D progenitors. The analyses provide a set of novel evidence that the development of TC Wls may play an important role in the increase of seed and fiber biomass yield through polyploidization during evolution.

关键词： Callose cell wall cellulose cotton fiber evolution polyploidization seed development sucrose synthase transfer cell.

Introduction to Computing and Programming in Python, a Multimedia Approach Pap/Cdr

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Introduction to Computing and Programming in Python, a Multi...

Efficient ray casting of volumetric images using distance maps for empty space skipping

2005年

作者： mark j. Guzdial

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Computational Visual Media 2020年第1期6卷 53-63页

作者： Lachlan j.Deakin mark A.Knackstedt Australian National University Canberra2601Australia

Volume and isosurface rendering are methods of proj.cting volumetric images to two dimensions for *** methods are common in medical imaging and scientific ***-mounted optical see-through displays have recently become an affordable technology and are a promising platform for volumetric image *** displayed on a head-mounted display must be presented at a high frame rate and with low latency to compensate for head *** latency can be j.rring and may cause cybersickness which has similar symptoms to motion *** images can be very computationally expensive to render as they often have hundreds of millions of scalar ***,certain materials in images such as air surrounding an obj.ct boundary are often made transparent and need not be sampled,which improves rendering *** our previous work we introduced a novel ray traversal technique for rendering large sparse volumetric images at high frame *** method relied on the computation of an occupancy and distance map to speed up ray traversal through empty *** this work we achieve higher frame rates than our previous work with an improved method of resuming empty space skipping and the use of anisotropic Chebyshev distance *** optimised algorithm for computing Chebyshev distance maps on a graphical processing unit is introduced supporting real-time transfer function editing.

关键词： ray casting volume rendering isosurface rendering distance maps