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A review of refinery complexity applications

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Petroleum Science 2017年第1期14卷 167-194页

作者： mark J. Kaiser Center for Energy Studies Louisiana State UniversityEnergy Coast and Environment Building Baton RougeLA 70803 USA

Refinery complexity quantifies the sophistication and capital intensity of a refinery and has found widespread application in facility classification, cost estimation, sales price models, and other uses. Despite the ubiquity and widespread use of refining complexity, however, surprisingly little material has been written on its applications. The pur- pose of this review is to describe the primary applications of refinery complexity and some recent extensions. A secondary purpose of this review is to provide a framework that unifies complexity applications and suggests avenues for future research. Examples illustrate the applications considered.

关键词： Cost estimation Functional complexityInverse problem Replacement cost Refineryclassification Sales price models

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Recurrent varicocele

Asian Journal of Andrology 2016年第2期18卷 229-233,J0004,J0005页

作者： Katherine Rotker mark Sigman Department of Surgery division of Urology Brown University 2 Dudley Street Suite #174 Providence RI 02905 USA.

Varicocele recurrence is one of the most common complications associated with varicocele repair. A systematic review was performed to evaluate varicocele recurrence rates, anatomic causes of recurrence, and methods of management of recurrent varicoceles. The PubMed database was evaluated using keywords ＂recurrent＂ and ＂varicocele＂ as well as MESh criteria ＂recurrent＂ and ＂varicocele.＂ Articles were not included that were not in English, represented single case reports, focused solely on subclinical varicocele, or focused solely on a pediatric population （age 〈18）. Rates of recurrence vary with the technique of varicocele repair from 0% to 35%. Anatomy of recurrence can be defined by venography. Management of varicocele recurrence can be surgical or via embolization.

关键词： infertility recurrence varicocele

The structural basis for deadenylation by the CCR4-NOT complex

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Protein & Cell 2010年第5期1卷 443-452页

作者： mark Bartlam Tadashi Yamamoto Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Science College of Life SciencesNankai UniversityTianjin 300071China Division of Oncology Institute of Medical ScienceUniversity of TokyoMinato-kuTokyo 108-8639Japan

The CCR4-NOT complex is a highly conserved,multifunctional machinery controlling mRNA *** components have been implicated in several aspects of mRNA and protein expression,including transcription initiation,elongation,mRNA degradation,ubiquitination,and protein *** this review,we will focus on the role of the CCR4-NOT complex in mRNA *** complex contains two types of deadenylase enzymes,one belonging to the DEDD-type family and one belonging to the EEP-type family,which shorten the poly(A)tails of *** will review the present state of structure-function analyses into the CCR4-NOT deadenylases and summarize current understanding of their roles in mRNA *** will also review structural and functional work on the Tob/BTG family of proteins,which are known to interact with the CCR4-NOT complex and which have been reported to suppress deadenylase activity in vitro.

关键词： CCR4 dead complex

Segregation of F-2 interspecific hybrid growth performance and wing color patterns relative to parental species in the Papilio machaon species group （Lepidoptera： Papilionidae）

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Insect Science 2007年第5期14卷 389-400页

作者： J. mark SCRIBER Department of Entomology Michigan State University East Lansing Michigan USA

A strange Papilio female specimen with a prominent yellow wing band type very much like P. brevicauda （and also seen in P. machaon, and P. zelicaon） was captured in the forested mountains of southwest Vermont, USA. Despite its brevicauda-like appearance, it had mt-DNA of P. polyxenes. In eastern North America the P. brevicauda （Maritime Provinces of Canada） is currently believed to reflect previous （ancient） hybridization between ancestral P. machaon and P. polyxenes. It is uncertain whether the brevicauda-like wing trait features in the odd Vermont female may be a result of some introgression of P. machaon or P. brevicauda with P. polyxenes in eastern North America as seen also in the Ozark Mountains with P. joanae. Nonetheless, the significance of wing trait analyses in relation to hybrid zones with P. polyxenes remains relevant. The segregation of wing color patterns and hostplant use abilities （efficiencies and growth rates） were examined for laboratory hand-paired F-2 hybrids of P. zelicaon ~ Papilio polyxenes relative to the parental species and primary hybrids. The black adult color pattern characterizing P. polyxenes is presumed to be inherited as a simple autosomal dominant. These hybrids were examined to determine：（i） how F-1 primary hybrid offspring perform relative to the parental types in survival, growth rates, and growth efficiencies; and （ii） whether these larval traits and the adult color patterns might be linked with wing morphology in the F-2 hybrids. While the F-1 hybrids grew as well as the P. polyxenes parent （P. zelicaon was significantly less efficient and slower in growth than either of these）, we could not convincingly determine whether the growth performances of the F-2 segregants were linked with the parental wing patterns.

关键词： hybrid swarms feeding efficiencies autosomai trait genetics Papilio polyxenes,Papilio zelicaon Papilio brevicauda

Template-directed synthesis of nitrogen- and sulfur- codoped carbon nanowire aerogels with enhanced electrocatalytic performance for oxygen reduction

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Nano Research 2017年第6期10卷 1888-1895页

作者： Shaofang Fu Chengzhou Zhu Junhua Song mark h. Engelhard Xiaolin Li Peina Zhang haibing Xia Dan Du Yuehe Lin School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering Washington State University WA 99164 USA Environmental Molecular Science Laboratory Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland WA 99354 USA Energy and Environmental Directory Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland WA 99354 USA State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials Shandong University Jinan 250100 China

heteroatom doping, precise composition control and rational morphology design are efficient strategies for producing novel nanocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction （ORR） in fuel cells. herein, a cost-effective approach to synthesize nitrogen- and sulfur-codoped carbon nanowire aerogels using a hard templating method is proposed. The aerogels prepared using a combination of hydrothermal treatment and carbonization exhibit good catalytic activity for the ORR in alkaline solution. At the optimal annealing temperature and mass ratio between the nitrogen and sulfur precursors, the resultant aerogels show comparable electrocatalytic activity to that of a commercial Pt/C catalyst for the ORR. Importantly, the optimized catalyst shows much better long-term stability and satisfactory tolerance for the methanol crossover effect. These codoped aerogels are expected to have potential applications in fuel cells.

关键词： heteroatom-doped carbons porous nanomaterials aerogels metal-free catalysts oxygen reduction reaction

Abnormal colonic cholinergic and nitrergic activities in relation to elastosis in uncomplicated diverticular disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第36期16卷 4625-4626页

作者： mark Golder Center for Academic Surgery Institute of Cell and Molecular ScienceBarts and the London School of Medicine and DentistryQueen Mary UniversityLondon E11BBUnited Kingdom

I read with interest the review on the pathogenesis of diverticular disease by Commane et al in World J Gastroenterol 2009;15(20):***,I would like to discuss several important errors that the authors made whilst citin... 详细信息

关键词： Diverticular disease Neural Acetylcholine Nitric oxide Elastin Protein gene product

human and domesticated animal environmental DNA as bioassays of the Anthropocene

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The Innovation 2023年第1期4卷 14-15页

作者： David S.Thaler Jesse h.Ausubel mark Y.Stoeckle Biozentrum University of BaselCH-4056 BaselSwitzerland Program for the human Environment Rockefeller UniversityNew YorkNY 10065USA

human action famously transforms the Earth and its biosphere and geosphere.1 While most literature consider plowing,burning,debris,and other products and by-products of our activities,direct effects of changing human biomass might merit further *** are now the dominant terrestrial vertebrate,composing about 1/3 of land vertebrate biomass,which translates to 1/10 of total vertebrate biomass.2 The other terrestrial 2/3 consists nearly entirely of livestock kept by humans for ***-domesticated land vertebrates,from shrews to elephants to swallows,form a mere 3%.human and domestic animal sequences,commonly detected in environmental DNA(eDNA)metabarcoding studies,are routinely excluded from ***,we hypothesize that extending eDNA analysis to include human and domesticated animal eDNA(hdaDNA)will provide insight into present-day and potentially historical human impacts on the biosphere(Figure 1).We think the distribution and abundance of hdaDNA are features of the Anthropocene worthy of study.

关键词： routine human terrestrial

Rangeland hillslope lengths:A case study at the Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed,southeastern Arizona

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2022年第4期10卷 597-609页

作者： Li Li mark A.Nearing Philip heilman Mary h.Nichols D.P.Guertin C.J.Williams School of Natural Resources and the Environment University of ArizonaTucsonAZ85705USA USDA-Agricultural Research Service Southwest Watershed Research CenterTucsonAZ85719USA

Rangeland hillslopes provide much of the sediment supplied to channel systems and their lengths exert a fundamental constraint on hillslope diffusive ***,information regarding lengths of rangeland hillslopes,and how best to estimate them,is *** this study,three groups of watersheds(10 in total)were selected from the Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed according to their geology,soil and vegetation *** 1 watersheds were at lower elevations dominated by shrubs,Group 3 were at high elevations dominated by grass,and Group 2 were mixed shrub and *** hillslope lengths were calculated from 1 m-resolution DEMs using three methods:a flow routing algorithm,slope-area relationships,and inverted relationship with drainage *** that characterize the current watersheds,including hack's exponent and coefficient,watershed shape coefficient,channel concavity and steepness,and surface roughness,were quantified and related to hillslope *** shows:(1)estimated hillslope lengths were different for the three methods and between the three groups of watersheds;(2)hillslope lengths that measured from the flow routing algorithm for the ten selected watersheds primarily ranged from 30 to 100 m,with a median value of 63.0 m,which was 20%e50%greater than those derived from slope-area plots or drainage densities;(3)hillslope lengths estimated from the flow routing method were greater in Group 3 watersheds than in Group 2 and then in Group 1 *** attributed these differences in hillslope lengths to the historic epeirogenic pulses,watershed and drainage network morphology,and differences in vegetation characteristics;(4)measured hillslope lengths from the flow routing algorithm were best correlated with hillslope relief,then surface roughness,channel steepness and *** results would benefit the applications of hydrological and erosion models in rangelands.

关键词： Rangeland hillslope Slope length Drainage density Slope-area relationship hillslope hydrology

2019 highlights of the structural revision of natural product via total synthesis

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2021年第3期15卷 595-601页

作者： Zongjia Chen mark A.Rizzacasa School of Chemistry The Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology InstituteThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVIC 3010Australia

For over a century,chemical synthesis has played an essential role in the structural assignment of natural *** the development of characterization instrumentation and methods[1],such as nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR),high-resolution mass spectrometry,X-ray crystallography etc.,natural product chemists view synthetic chemistry more as an assistive technology and less as a core competence.

关键词： products. NMR synthesis