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Clinical features,histology,and histogenesis of combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma

World Journal of Hepatology 2017年第6期9卷 300-309页

作者： Shweta Gera mark ettel Gabriel Acosta-Gonzalez Ruliang Xu Department of Pathology Montefiore Medical Center Department of Pathology NYU Langone Medical Center

Combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma(CHC) is a rare tumor with poor prognosis,with incidence ranging from 1.0%-4.7% of all primary hepatic *** entity will be soon renamed as *** known risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) have been implicated for CHC including viral hepatitis and *** is difficult to diagnose this tumor *** predominant histologic component within the tumor largely determines the predominant radiographic features making it a difficult *** and overlapping imaging features of HCC and cholangiocarcinoma should raise the suspicion for CHC and multiple core biopsies(from different areas of tumor) are recommended before administering *** tumor markers CA19-9 and alpha-fetoprotein can aid in the diagnosis,but it remains a challenging diagnosis prior to *** is sufficient data to support bipotent hepatic progenitor cells as the cell of origin for *** current World Health Organization classification categorizes two main types of CHC based on histo-morphological features:Classical type and CHC with stem cell *** transplant is one of the available treatment modalities with other management options including transarterial chemoembolization,radiofrequency ablation,and percutaneous ethanol *** present a review paper on CHC highlighting the risk factors,origin,histological classification and therapeutic modalities.

关键词： Combined hepatocellular-cholangiocellular carcinoma Hepatocellular carcinoma Cholangiocellular carcinoma Hepatic progenitor cell(s) Histogenesis Classification

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Myeloid sarcoma presenting as a colon polyp and harbinger of chronic myelogenous leukemia

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2016年第3期8卷 321-325页

作者： Robert Rogers mark ettel Margaret Cho Alexander Chan Xiao-Jun Wu Antonio G Neto Department of Pathology New York University School of Medicine Department of Pathology Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center Department of Pathology George Washington University School of Medicine

Myeloid sarcoma, also known as granulocytic sarcoma or chloroma is an unusual accumulation of malignant myeloid precursor cells in an extramedullary site, which disrupts the normal architecture of the involved tissue. It is known to occur more commonly in patients with acute myelogenous leukemia and less commonly in those with myelodysplastic syndrome and myeloproliferative neoplasm, such as chronic myelogenous leukemia. The most common sites of involvement include bone, skin and lymph nodes. However, rare cases have been reported in the gastrointestinal tract, genitourinary tract, or breast. Most commonly, a neoplastic extramedullary proliferation of myeloid precursors in a patient would have systemic involvement of a myeloid neoplasm, including in the bone marrow and peripheral blood. Infrequently, extramedullary disease may be the only site of involvement. It may also occur as a localized antecedent to more generalized disease or as a site of recurrence. Herein, we present the first case in the English literature of a patient presenting with an isolated site of myeloid sarcoma arising in the form of a colonic polyp which, after subsequent bone marrow biopsy, was found to be a harbinger of chronic myelogenous leukemia.

关键词： Myeloid sarcoma Granulocytic sarcoma Chloroma Chronic myelogenous leukemia

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Clinical and biological significance of precursor lesions of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma

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World Journal of Hepatology 2015年第25期7卷 2563-2570页

作者： mark ettel Ogechukwu Eze Ruliang Xu Department of Pathology NYU School of Medicine

Cholangiocarcinoma(CC) is primarily a malignant tumor of older adults most prevalent in Southeast Asia,where liver fluke infestation is *** the etiology in western countries is *** the incidence of extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma has remained constant,incidence of intrahepatic CC(ICC) which differs inmorphology,pathogenesis,risk factors,treatment and prognosis is *** this increase is associated with hepatitis C virus infection,chronic nonalcoholic liver disease,obesity,and smoking,the pathogenesis of ICC and molecular alterations underlying the carcinogenesis are not completely *** biliary lesions such as biliary intraepithelial neoplasia,intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct,von Meyenburg complex or bile duct hamartoma,and bile duct adenoma have been associated with *** each of these entities,evidence suggests or supports a role as premalignant *** article summarized the important biological significance of the precursor lesions of ICC and the molecular mechanisms that may be involved in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinogenesis.

关键词： Intraepithelial neoplasia Von Meyenburgcomplex or bile duct hamartoma Bile duct adenoma Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma Intraductal papillaryneoplasm of the bile duct

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