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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2023年第4期41卷 1300-1306页

作者： Michael R.CONOVeR mark e.bell Leah M.DeLAHOUSSAYe Department of Wildland Resources and ecology Center LoganUT 84322-5230USA

Brine shrimp Artemia franciscana provide food for many migrating and staging birds that spend summer and fall on Great Salt Lake,Utah,*** produce live young and cysts(hard-walled eggs);these cysts are commercially harvested on Great Salt Lake and support a large industry in *** is unclear the impact that millions of hungry birds have on the Artemia population in the *** help assess that,this study evaluated cyst viability(percentage of cysts that contain an embryo)and hatchability(percent of cysts that hatch)from cysts that had passed through the digestive tract of eared grebes Podiceps nigricollis and cysts obtained directly from Great Salt Lake at the same site where each grebe was *** was significantly higher for cysts collected from the water column(19%)than from the stomach(0.3%)or intestines(3%)of eared *** also was significantly different for cysts collected from the water column(29%),stomach(0.7%),and intestines(5%).These results indicate that eared grebes nutritionally benefit from eating cysts and that they may be an important food source for grebes in late fall after the adult population of Artemia dies off due to the water becoming too ***,enough cysts survive their passage through the digestive system that grebes can vector hatchable cysts to other waterbodies.

关键词： Artemia dispersal eared grebes hatchability invasive species Great Salt Lake salty lakes viability

A new framework for reverse cholesterol transport: Non-biliary contributions to reverse cholesterol transport

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第47期16卷 5946-5952页

作者： Ryan e Temel J mark Brown Department of Pathology Section on Lipid SciencesWake Forest University School of Medicine

Reduction of low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol through statin therapy has only modestly decreased coronary heart disease (CHD)-associated mortality in developed countries, which has prompted the search for alternative therapeutic strategies for CHD. Major efforts are now focused on therapies that augment high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-mediated reverse cholesterol transport (RCT), and ultimately increase the fecal disposal of cholesterol. The process of RCT has long been thought to simply involve HDL-mediated delivery of peripheral cholesterol to the liver for biliary excretion out of the body. However, recent studies have revealed a novel pathway for RCT that does not rely on biliary secretion. This nonbiliary pathway rather involves the direct excretion of cholesterol by the proximal small intestine. Compared to RCT therapies that augment biliary sterol loss, modulation of non-biliary fecal sterol loss through the intestine is a much more attractive therapeutic strategy, given that excessive biliary cholesterol secretion can promote gallstone formation. However, we are at an early stage in understanding the molecular mechanisms regulating the non-biliary pathway for RCT, and much additional work is required in order to effectively target this pathway for CHD prevention. The purpose of this review is to discuss our current understanding of biliary and nonbiliary contributions to RCT with particular emphasis on the possibility of targeting the intestine as an inducible cholesterol secretory organ.

关键词： Cholesterol Intestine Bile Lipoprotein Reverse cholesterol transport

Behavioral effects of social challenges and genomic mechanisms of social priming： What＇s testosterone got to do with it？

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Current Zoology 2014年第6期60卷 791-803页

作者： Kimberly A. ROSVALL mark e PeTeRSON Indiana University Department of Biology and Center for the Integrative Study of Animal Behavior Bloomington IN 47405 USA Viterbo University Departments of Biology and Mathematics La Crosse WI 54601 USA

Social challenges from rival conspecifics are common in the lives of animals, and changes in an animal＇s social environment can influence physiology and behavior in ways that appear to be adaptive in the face of continued social instability （i.e. social priming）. Recently, it has become clear that testosterone, long thought to be the primary mediator of these effects, may not always change in response to social challenges, an observation that highlights gaps in our understanding of the proximate me- chanisms by which animals respond to their social environment. Here, our goal is to address the degree to which testosterone me- diates organismal responses to social cues. To this end, we review the behavioral and physiological consequences of social chal- lenges, as well as their underlying hormonal and gene regulatory mechanisms. We also present a new case study from a wild songbird, the dark-eyed junco Junco hyemalis, in which we find largely divergent genome-wide transcriptional changes induced by social challenges and testosterone, respectively, in muscle and liver tissue. Our review underscores the diversity of mechani- sms that link the dynamic social environment with an organisms＇ genomic, hormonal, and behavioral state. This diversity among species, and even among tissues within an organism, reveals new insights into the pattern and process by which evolution may alter proximate mechanisms of social priming.

关键词： Social priming Challenge hypothesis Aggression Hormonal mechanism Testosterone Genomics

erroneous use of Statistics behind Claims of a Major Solar Role in Recent Warming

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2022年第12期22卷 224-231页

作者： mark T.Richardson Rasmus e.Benestad Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCA 91109USA Department of Atmospheric Science Colorado State UniversityFt CollinsCO 90732USA Norwegian Meteorological Institute NO-0313 OsloNorway

In a study that attempted to relate solar and human activity to earth's recent temperature change,Connolly et *** a basic error in the choice of statistical methods and so overreported the effect of the Sun.A major theme of their study was that there are many data sets of past solar activity,and some of these allegedly provide statistical evidence of“most of the recent global warming being due to changes in solar activity.”We avoid methods that are known to give inaccurate results and show that for 1970–2005 Northern Hemisphere land the corrected solar attribution fraction is-7%to+5%,compared with values of up to 64%reported in Connolly et *** higher values are entirely due to mistaken application of ***,we cannot test truly“recent”global warming since most of their solar data sets end before 2015,and two finish in the 1990s,but all tested post-1970 periods show similarly small solar *** solar-climate linkage is an area of fascinating and ongoing research with rigorous technical *** argue that instead of repeating errors,they should be acknowledged and corrected so that the debate can focus on areas of legitimate scientific uncertainty.

关键词： earth (Sun:)solar-terrestrial relations Physical Data and Processes

Quantifying cold front induced water transport of a bay with in situ observations using manned and unmanned boats

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2018年第11期37卷 1-7页

作者： WeeKS eddie ROBINSON mark e LI Chunyan Coastal Studies Institute Department of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences Louisiana State University Department of Geography and Anthropology Louisiana State University

The generation of high-resolution data is increasingly important in understanding the complexities of coastal ocean and developing sound management strategies, especially in view of the long-term impact of severe weather systems. The impact of severe weather systems, when integrated over time, can be significant when compared with tidal oscillations. This paper presents a study of water transport out of Vermilion Bay in response to a short, intense event associated with a passing atmospheric cold front, and reports the application of an Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler （ADCP） mounted on an Automated Surface Craft （ASC）, known as the auto-boat or unmanned boat, developed in our lab at the Louisiana State University, to generate high resolution data accurately at a fraction of the cost of a manned boat. In our study, we used a manned boat and an unmanned boat, each for over 24 h to cover an entire diurnal tidal cycle, to measure flow velocity profiles to calculate the total transport. A stationary ADCP was deployed in the Southwest Pass of the Vermilion Bay from May 2009 to April 2012, providing data almost continuously （with only one major gap）, with a 717-day record of water transport between the northern Gulf of Mexico and Vermilion Bay, and demonstrates the importance of the pass in water transport.

关键词： cold fronts unmanned boat Vermillion Bay Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler surveys regression on transport

Dispersal behavior correlates with personality of a North American fish

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Current Zoology 2012年第2期58卷 260-270页

作者： Josh e. RASMUSSeN mark C. BeLK U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Klamath Falls OR 97603 USA Department of Biology Brigham Young University Provo UT 84602 USA

The process of dispersal is determined by the interaction of individual （intrinsic） traits and environmental （extrinsic） factors. Although many studies address and quantify dispersal, few evaluate both intrinsic and extrinsic factors jointly. We test the relative importance of intrinsic traits （exploration tendency and size） and extrinsic factors （population density and habitat quality） on dispersal of a medium-sized western United States minnow, southern leatherside chub Lepidomeda aliciae. A generalized linear model with a binomial response was used to determine the probability of individuals dispersing one year after tagging. Medium-sized individuals that were more prone to explore novel environments were 10.7 times more likely to be recaptured outside of their original capture area after a year （dispersal） compared to non-explorer individuals of the same size class. Differences be- tween explorer classifications within the small and large size classes were negligible. Open habitat within 50 m upstream also in- creased the probability of dispersal relative to controls. Relative location within the study reach, and population density were not significantly related to dispersal probabilities of individuals. Our results indicate that understanding of personality may illuminate patterns of dispersal within and among populations

关键词： Temperament Behavioral phenotype exploration Lepidomeda Personality-dependent

Negative consequences of positive feedbacks in US wild-fire management

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Forest ecosystems 2015年第2期2卷 57-66页

作者： David e Calkin Matthew P Thompson mark A Finney Forestry Sciences Laboratory US Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station Fire Sciences Laboratory US Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station

Over the last two decades wildfire activity, damage, and management cost within the US have increased substantially. These increases have been associated with a number of factors including climate change and fuel accumulation due to a century of active fire suppression. The increased fire activity has occurred during a time of significant ex-urban development of the Wildland Urban Interface （WUI） along with increased demand on water resources originating on forested landscapes. These increased demands have put substantial pressure on federal agencies charged with wildfire management to continue and expand the century old policy of aggressive wildfire suppression. However, aggressive wildfire suppression is one of the major factors that drive the increased extent, intensity, and damage associated with the small number of large wildfires that are unable to be suppressed. In this paper we discuss the positive feedback loops that lead to demands for increasing suppression response while simultaneously increasing wildfire risk in the future. Despite a wealth of scientific research that demonstrates the limitations of the current management paradigm pressure to maintain the existing system are well entrenched and driven by the existing social systems that have evolved under our current management practice. Interestingly, US federal wildland fire policy provides considerable discretion for managers to pursue a range of management objectives however, societal expectations and existing management incentive structures result in policy implementation that is straining the resilience of fire adapted ecosystems and the communities that reside in and adjacent to them.

关键词： Wildfire suppression Wildfire paradox Wildland urban interface Resilience

Natural Resources Depletion in Hill Areas of Bangladesh:A Review

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Journal of Mountain Science 2012年第2期9卷 147-156页

作者： Shampa BISWAS mark e.SWANSON Harald VACIK School of environmental Sciences and Management Independent University School of the environment PO Box 646410Washington State University Institute of Silviculture Department of Forest and Soil SciencesUniversity of Natural Resources and Life Sciences

Hilly or mountainous terrain occupies around 12% of the area of *** resources associated with Bangladesh's hill are forest resources,biodiversity,minerals,and agricultural *** resources have been exploited in the recent four decades due to excessive clearing of hill forest cover,resulting in loss of species richness, impacts related to increased water flow variability, increased hill slope erosion and flooding intensity, and a gradual decrease in the extent of hill area in *** review explores the major causes and effects of depletion of natural resources by linking drivers,pressures and the related impacts.A review has been conducted to structure the effects on the hilly areas and describe the responses to minimize them in the associated DPSIR *** growth has been identified as a major driver contributing to high deforestation *** may negatively effect agricultural productivity and increase the frequency of serious *** and burn cultivation also impacts the regeneration of evergreen forests,which may accelerate soil erosion. Due to this and other factors,local people are facing a deficits of natural resources(food,fodder,fuel wood and water),which exacerbates the effects of poverty. Future research should try to facilitate decision making for sustainable utilization of natural resources management in the hilly areas of Bangladesh. Additional conservation measures should be developed to increase the resilience of ecosystems at national and regional levels.

关键词： Hill environment Deforestation Land degradation Hill restoration and conservation DPSIR

Investigation of the excluded stomach after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass: The role of percutaneous endoscopy

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第12期14卷 1946-1948页

作者： Kanwar RS Gill J mark McKinney mark e Stark ernest P Bouras Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Mayo Clinic Jacksonville Florida 32224 United States

Accessing the bypassed portion of the stomach via conventional endoscopy is difficult following Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery. However, endoscopic examination of the stomach and small bowel is possible through percutaneous access into the bypassed stomach (BS) with a combined radiologic and endoscopic technique. We present a case of obscure overt gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding where the source of bleeding was thought to be from the BS. After conventional endoscopic methods failed to examine the BS, percutaneous endoscopy (Pe) was used as an alternative to surgical exploration.

关键词： Percutaneous endoscopy Roux-en-Y gastricbypass Gastrointestinal bleeding, Obesity, Bypassedstomach

Forging an easier path through graduation:Improving the patient transition from paediatric to adult critical care

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World Journal of Critical Care Medicine 2025年第1期14卷 82-90页

作者： Stephen Warrillow Ben Gelbart Jess Stevens Gordon Baikie mark e Howard Department of Intensive Care Austin HealthHeidelberg 3084VictoriaAustralia Department of Critical Care The University of MelbourneParkville 3010VictoriaAustralia Department of Intensive Care Royal Children’s HospitalParkville 3010VictoriaAustralia Living with Disability Research Centre La Trobe UniversityBundoora 3086VictoriaAustralia Department of Neurodevelopment&Disability Royal Children’s HospitalParkville 3010VictoriaAustralia Department of Paediatrics The University of MelbourneParkville 3010VictoriaAustralia Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine Austin HealthHeidelberg 3084VictoriaAustralia Department of Medicine Austin HealthThe University of MelbourneHeidelberg 3084VictoriaAustralia

Adolescence and the journey to adulthood involves exciting opportunities as well as psychosocial stress for young people growing *** normal experiences are potentially magnified for teenagers living with chronic illness or disability and their *** in care have improved survival for children with a variety of serious chronic medical conditions such that many who may once have died in childhood now survive well into adulthood with ongoing *** those with highly complex needs,care is often provided at major paediatric hospitals with expertise,specially trained personnel,and resources to support young people and their families for the first decades of *** the end of adolescence,however,it is generally appropriate and necessary for young adults and their caregivers to transition to the care of clinicians trained in the care of adults at general *** there are some well-managed models to support this journey of transition,these are often specific to certain conditions and usually do not involve intensive *** patients may encounter considerable challenges during this *** may include the loss of established therapeutic relationships,a perception of austerity and reduced amenity in facilities oriented to caring for adult patients,and care by clinicians with less experience with more common paediatric *** addition,there is a risk of potential conflict between clinicians and families regarding goals of care in the event of a critical illness when it occurs in a young adult with major disability and long-term health *** challenges present genuine opportunities to better understand the transition from paediatric to adult-based care and to improve processes that assist clinicians who support patients and families as they shift between healthcare settings.

关键词： Paediatric intensive care Disability Adult intensive care Transition Critical care