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Soil-Based Biofiltration for Air Purification:Potentials for Environmental and Space LifeSupport Application

Journal of Environmental Protection 2011年第8期2卷 1084-1094页

作者： mark nelson Hinrich L. Bohn 不详

Soil biofiltration, also known as soil bed reactor (SBR), technology was originally developed in Germany to take advantage of the diversity in microbial mechanisms to control gases producing malodor in industrial processes. The approach has since gained wider international acceptance and continues to see improvements to maximize microbial and process efficiency and extend the range of problematical gases for which the technology can be an effective control. We review the basic mechanisms which underlay microbial soil processes involved in air purification, advantages and limitations of the technology and the current research status of the approach. Soil biofiltration has lower capital and operating/energetic costs than conventional technologies and is well adapted to handle contaminants in moderate concentrations. The systems can be engineered to optimize efficiency though manipulation of temperature, pH, moisture content, soil organic matter and airflow rates. Soil air biofiltration technology was modified for application in the Biosphere 2 project, which demonstrated in preparatory research with a number of closed system testbeds that soil could also support crop plants while also serving as soil filters with airpumps to push air through the soil. This Biosphere 2 research demonstrated in several closed system testbeds that a number of important trace gases could be kept under control and led to the engineering of the entire agricultural soil of Biosphere 2 to serve as a soil filtration unit for the facility. Soil biofiltration, coupled with food crop production, as a component of bioregenerative space life support systems has the advantages of lower energy use and avoidance of the consumables required for other air purification approaches. Expanding use of soil biofiltration can aid a number of environmental applications, from the mitigation of indoor air pollution, as a method of reducing global warming impact of methane (biogas), improvement of industrial air e

关键词： Soil Biofiltration Indoor Air Quality Bioremediation Ecological Engineering Air Pollution Purification

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Nanoparticle Targeting with Antibodies in the Central Nervous System

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Biomedical Engineering Frontiers 2023年第1期4卷 159-176页

作者： Ju Hyun Lee dana V.Chapman W.mark Saltzman department of Biomedical Engineering Yale UniversityNew HavenCTUSA

Treatments for disease in the central nervous system(CNS)are limited because of difficulties in agent penetration through the blood-brain barrier,achieving optimal dosing,and mitigating off-target *** prospect of precision medicine in CNS treatment suggests an opportunity for therapeutic nanotechnology,which offers tunability and adaptability to address specific diseases as well as targetability when combined with antibodies(Abs).Here,we review the strategies to attach Abs to nanoparticles(NPs),including conventional approaches of chemisorption and physisorption as well as attempts to combine irreversible Ab immobilization with controlled *** also summarize trends that have been observed through studies of systemically delivered Ab–NP conjugates in ***,we discuss the future outlook for Ab–NPs to deliver therapeutics into the CNS.

关键词： agent irreversible particle

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Harnessing the synergy of perfusable muscle flap matrix and adipose-derived stem cells for prevascularization and macrophage polarization to reconstruct volumetric muscle loss

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Bioactive Materials 2023年第4期22卷 588-614页

作者： Qixu Zhang Yulun Chiu Youbai Chen Yewen Wu Lina W.dunne Rene d.Largo Edward I.Chang david M.Adelman mark V.Schaverien Charles E.Butler department of Plastic Surgery The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTX77030USA department of Melanoma Medical Oncology The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTX77030USA department of Plastic Surgery Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijing100853China

Muscle flaps must have a strong vascular network to support a large tissue volume and ensure successful *** developed porcine stomach musculofascial flap matrix(PdSF)comprising extracellular matrix(ECM)and intact *** had a dominant vascular pedicle,microcirculatory vessels,a nerve network,well-retained 3-dimensional(3d)nanofibrous ECM structures,and no allo-or ***-depth proteomic analysis demonstrated that PdSF was composed of core matrisome proteins(e.g.,collagens,glycoproteins,proteoglycans,and ECM regulators)that,as shown by Gene Ontology term enrichment analysis,are functionally related to musculofascial biological ***,PdSF􀀀human adipose-derived stem cell(hASC)synergy not only induced monocytes towards IL-10􀀀producing M2 macrophage polarization through the enhancement of hASCs’paracrine effect but also promoted the proliferation and interconnection of both human skeletal muscle myoblasts(HSMMs)and human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVECs)in static triculture ***,PdSF was successfully prevascularized through a dynamic perfusion coculture of hASCs and HUVECs,which integrated with PdSF and induced the maturation of vascular networks in *** a xenotransplantation model,PdSF demonstrated myoconductive and immunomodulatory properties associated with the predominance of M2 macrophages and regulatory T *** a volumetric muscle loss(VML)model,prevascularized PdSF augmented neovascularization and constructive remodeling,which was characterized by the predominant infiltration of M2 macrophages and significant musculofascial tissue *** results indicate that hASCs’integration with PdSF enhances the cells’dual function in immunomodulation and *** in part to this PdSF-hASC synergy,our platform shows promise for vascularized muscle flap engineering for VML reconstruction.

关键词： Muscle flap fabrication Extracellular matrix decellularization Vascularization Macrophage polarization Volumetric muscle loss

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Eff-3dPSeg:3d Organ-Level Plant Shoot Segmentation Using Annotation-Efficient deep Learning

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Plant Phenomics 2023年第3期5卷 626-641页

作者： Liyi Luo Xintong Jiang Yu Yang Eugene Roy Antony Samy mark Lefsrud Valerio Hoyos-Villegas Shangpeng Sun Bioresource Engineering department McGill UniversityMontrealQCCanada Key Laboratory of Advanced Process Control for Light Industry(Ministry of Education) Jiangnan UniversityWuxiJiangsuChina Plant Science department McGill UniversityMontrealQCCanada

Reliable and automated 3-dimensional(3d)plant shoot segmentation is a core prerequisite for the extraction of plant phenotypic traits at the organ *** deep learning and point clouds can provide effective ways to address the ***,fully supervised deep learning methods require datasets to be point-wise annotated,which is extremely expensive and *** our work,we proposed a novel weakly supervised framework,Eff-3dPSeg,for 3d plant shoot ***,high-resolution point clouds of soybean were reconstructed using a low-cost photogrammetry system,and the Meshlab-based Plant Annotator was developed for plant point cloud ***,a weakly supervised deep learning method was proposed for plant organ *** method contained(a)pretraining a self-supervised network using Viewpoint Bottleneck loss to learn meaningful intrinsic structure representation from the raw point clouds and(b)fine-tuning the pretrained model with about only 0.5%points being annotated to implement plant organ ***,3 phenotypic traits(stem diameter,leaf width,and leaf length)were *** test the generality of the proposed method,the public dataset Pheno4d was included in this *** results showed that the weakly supervised network obtained similar segmentation performance compared with the fully supervised *** method achieved 95.1%,96.6%,95.8%,and 92.2%in the precision,recall,F1 score,and mIoU for stem–leaf segmentation for the soybean dataset and 53%,62.8%,and 70.3%in the AP,AP@25,and AP@50 for leaf instance segmentation for the Pheno4d *** study provides an effective way for characterizing 3d plant architecture,which will become useful for plant breeders to enhance selection *** trained networks are available at https://***/jieyi-one/EFF-3dPSEG.

关键词： deep Plant weakly

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Fluidization and bubbling behavior of potash particles in a deep fluidized bed

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Particuology 2023年第9期80卷 103-114页

作者： Mojtaba Nabipoor Hassankiadeh Jingsi Yang mark Berrey dave Jordison Lifeng Zhang donald Bergstrom Raymond J.Spiteri department of Chemical and Biological Engineering University of SaskatchewanSKS7N 5A9SaskatoonCanada The Mosaic Company Belle PlaineSKCanada department of Mechanical Engineering University of SaskatchewanSaskatoonCanada department of Computer Science University of SaskatchewanSaskatoonSKCanada

Most existing models for predicting bubble size and bubble frequency have been developed for freely bubbling fluidized *** prediction of bubbling behavior in deep fluidized beds,however,has been a challenge due to the higher degree of bubble coalescence and break up,high probability of the slugging regime,partial fluidization,and chaotic behavior in the bubbling *** this work,the bubbling and fluidization behavior of potash particles was investigated in a deep fluidized bed employing a twin-plane electrical capacitance tomography(ECT)*** volume fraction,average bubble velocity,average bubble diameter,and bubble frequency in both bubbling and slugging regimes were measured at two different bed height ratios(H/d=3.5 and H/d=3.78).This work is the first to illustrate a sequential view of bubbles at different superficial gas velocities in a fluidized *** results show that both the bubble diameter and rising velocity increased with increasing the superficial gas velocity for the two bed heights,with larger values observed in the deeper bed compared to the shallower *** values for bubble diameter,bubble rise velocity and bubble frequency from different models are compared with the experimental data obtained from the ECT system in this *** agreement has been achieved between the values predicted by the previous models and the experimental data for the bubble diameter and bubble rise velocity with an average absolute deviation of 16%and 15%for the bed height of 49 cm and 13%and 8%for the bed height of 53 cm,respectively.

关键词： deep fluidized bed Potash particle Electrical capacitance tomography Image reconstruction Bubbling and slugging regime

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Transoral robotic surgery *** partial midline glossectomy for obstructive sleep apnea

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World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2017年第2期3卷 101-105页

作者： david Folk mark d'Agostino Yale University Section of OtolaryngologyDepartment of SurgeryNew HavenCTUSA Middlesex Hospital MiddletownCTUSA

Objective:To compare sleep-related outcomes in obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) patients following base of tongue resection via robotic surgery and endoscopic midline ***:This was a retrospective study.A total of 114 robotic and 37 endoscopic midline glossectomy surgeries were performed between July 2010 and April 2015 as part of single or multilevel *** were excluded for indications other than sleep apnea or if complete sleep studies were not ***,45 robotic and 16 endoscopic surgeries were included in the ***:In the robotic surgery group there were statistically significant improvements in AHI [(44.4 ± 22.6) events/h-(14.0 ± 3.0) events/h,P ＜ 0.001] Epworth Sleepiness Scale (12.3 ± 4.6 to 4.5 ± 2.9,P ＜ 0.001),and O2 nadir (82.0％ ± 6.1％ to 85.0％ ± 5.4％,P ＜ 0.001).In the endoscopic group there were also improvements in AHI (48.7 ± 30.2 to 27.4 ± 31.9,P =0.06),Epworth Sleepiness Scale (12.6 ± 5.5 to 8.3 ± 4.5,P =0.08),and O2 nadir (80.2％ ± 8.6％ to 82.7％ ± 6.5％,P =0.4).Surgical success rate was 75.6％ and 56.3％ in the robotic and endoscopic groups,*** volume of tissue removed was predictive of surgical success in the robotic cases (10.3 vs.8.6 ml,P =0.02).Conclusions:Both robotic surgery and endoscopic techniques for tongue base reduction improve objective measures of sleep *** success rates may be achieved with robotic surgery compared to traditional methods.

关键词： Sleep surgery Transoral robotic surgery TORS Midline glossectomy Partial glossectomy Posterior glossectomy

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Genotype-by-environment interaction for grain yield among novel cowpea(Vigna unguiculata L.) selections derived by gamma irradiation

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The Crop Journal 2018年第3期6卷 306-313页

作者： Lydia Horn Hussein Shimelis Fatma Sarsu Learnmore Mwadzingeni mark d.Laing African Centre for Crop Improvement University of Kwa Zulu-Natal directorate of Research and Training Plant Production ResearchMinistry of AgricultureWater and Forestry Plant Breeding and Genetics Section Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture

This study determined the effects of genotype-by-environment(G × E) interaction and stability of yield among elite cowpea(Vigna unguiculata L.) selections derived by gamma irradiation. The study was conducted in Namibia at three selected sites: Bagani, Mannheim,and Omahenene, during 2014/2015 and 2015/2016. Thirty-four newly developed mutant genotypes and three local checks were evaluated using a randomized complete block design with three replications. Grain yield data were analyzed using the additive main effects and multiplicative interaction(AMMI) and the genotype main effect plus genotype-by-environment interaction(GGE) biplot methods. The AMMI and GGE biplot models explained 77.49% and 75.57% of total observed genotypic variation, *** and Omahenene were the environments best discriminating the test genotypes during 2014/2015 and 2015/2016, respectively. Four promising mutant genotypes: G9(Sh L3 P74), G10(Sh R3 P4), G12(Sh R9 P5), and G4(Sh L2 P4), showed wide adaptation and grain yields of 2.83, 2.06, 1.99, and 1.95 t ha^(-1), respectively. The novel mutant lines are useful genetic resources for production or future cowpea breeding programs in Namibia or similar environments.

关键词： AMMI Cowpea Genotype by environment interaction GGE biplot Mutants

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Breeding wheat for drought tolerance： Progress and technologies

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2016年第5期15卷 935-943页

作者： Learnmore Mwadzingeni Hussein Shimelis Ernest dube mark d Laing Toi J Tsilo College of Agriculture Engineering and Science University of KwaZulu-Natal/African Centre for Crop Improvement Scottsville 3209 South Africa Agricultural Research Council-Small Grain Institute (ARC-SGI) Bethlehem 9700 South Africa

Recurrent drought associated with climate change is among the principal constraints to global productivity of wheat（Triticum aestivum（L.） and T. turgidum（L.））. Numerous efforts to mitigate drought through breeding resilient varieties are underway across the world. Progress is, however, hampered because drought tolerance is a complex trait that is controlled by many genes and its full expression is affected by the environment. Furthermore, wheat has a structurally intricate and large genome. Consequently, breeding for drought tolerance requires the integration of various knowledge systems and methodologies from multiple disciplines in plant sciences. This review summarizes the progress made in dry land wheat improvement, advances in knowledge, complementary methodologies, and perspectives towards breeding for drought tolerance in the crop to create a coherent overview. Phenotypic, biochemical and genomics-assisted selection methodologies are discussed as leading research components used to exploit genetic variation. Advances in phenomic and genomic technologies are highlighted as options to circumvent existing bottlenecks in phenotypic and genomic selection, and gene transfer. The prospects of further integration of these technologies with other omics technologies are also provided.

关键词： drought tolerance genomic selection genotyping phenotyping wheat

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Simulation of Liquid Metal droplets from Field Emission

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Communications in Computational Physics 2007年第4期2卷 640-661页

作者： Anton VanderWyst Andrew Christlieb mark Sussman Iain d.Boyd Raytheon Missile Systems 1151 E.Hermans RoadP.O.Box 11337TucsonAZ 85734USA department of Mathematics Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMI 48824USA department of Mathematics Florida State UniversityTallahasseeFL 32306USA department of Aerospace Engineering University of MichiganAnn ArborMI 48109USA.

Liquid metal droplets are accelerated by electrostatic forces in a process known as field *** this study,we simulate the emission of charged indium droplets on a needle in 2d cylindrical *** boundary element method is used to rapidly and accurately calculate the electric field on the fluid surface,which is then advected forward in time using level *** is the first time these methods have been combined,and this combination addresses difficult detachable surface tracking issues successfully.A histogram of droplet charge-to-mass ratio is generated in which it is predicted that smaller satellite droplets are more densely *** addition,our model is compared with independent pre-and post-snap off data and produces good agreement with the result.

关键词： Field emission electric propulsion modeling level set boundary element method

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Female answer specificity to male drumming calls in three closely related species of the stonefly genus Zwicknia (Plecoptera: Capniidae)

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Insect Science 2021年第1期28卷 215-223页

作者： Kirill mark Orci david Muranyi MTA-ELTE-MTM Ecology Research Group Hungarian Academy of SciencesEotvos Lorand University and the Hungarian Natural History MuseumBudapestHungary department of Zoology Eszterhazy Karoly UniversityEgerHungary department of Zoology Hungarian Natural History MuseumBudapestHungary

This study examines the rate of female answers to conspecific versus heterospecific male vibratory calls in three,closely related stonefly species:Zwicknia bifrons,***,and *** a previous study those three species were recognized on the basis of their distinct male drumming calls along with differences in genital morphology and genetic *** this study no-choice playback experiments using original male call samples from each species were performed,and the answer rate of females to con・specific and heterospecific signal variants was *** effect logistic regression models were used to test if male call species identity had a statistically significant effect on female answer *** answered conspecific male calls with significantly higher probability than heterospecific calls in all the three examined species,suggesting that the divergence of vibrational communication can be an important component of the prezygotic isolation between ***,but well detectable responsiveness to heterospecific calls was observable between *** and ***,the two species closest to each other regarding mitochondrial genetic divergence and male call pattern ***,our results are most congruent with a tight,gradual coevolution of male calls and female preferences.

关键词： biotremology drumming call Plecoptera reproductive isolation species recognition vibrational communication

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