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Science China(Life Sciences) 2012年第3期55卷 191-201页

作者： LE Yevgeniya LI Li WANG dunCheng SCOTT mark d Canadian Blood Services Vancouver V6T 1Z3 Canada Centre for Blood Research University of British Columbia Vancouver V6T 1Z3 Canada department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine University of British Columbia Vancouver V6T 1Z3 Canada

Grafting of methoxypoly(ethylene glycol)(mPEG) to cells and biomaterials is a promising non-pharmacological immunomodulation ***,due to the labile nature of cells,surface-plasma interactions are poorly understood;hence,a latex bead model was *** of beads resulted in a density and molecular weight dependent decrease in total adsorbed protein with a net reduction from(159.9±6.4) ng cm-2 on bare latex to(18.4±0.8) and(52.3±5.3) ng cm-2 on PEGylated beads(1 mmol L-1 of 2 or 20 kd SCmPEG,respectively).SdS-PAGE and iTRAQ-MS analysis revealed differential compositions of the adsorbed protein layer on the PEGylated latex with a significant reduction in the compositional abundance of proteins involved in immune system ***,the biological efficacy of immunocamouflaged cells and materials is mediated by both biophysical obfuscation of antigens and reduced surface-macromolecule interactions.

关键词： PEGylation immunocamouflage iTRAQ mass spectrometry polystyrene latex protein adsorption proteomics meth-oxypoly(ethylene glycol) polymer

关于成人网络游戏玩家与未成年网络游戏玩家的比较研究

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中国青年研究 2006年第6期 18-23页

作者： M.d.griffiths mark N.O.davies darren Chappell 范晓光 Psychology division Nottingham Trent UniversityBurton StreetNottingham NGI4BUUK 浙江社会科学院社会学所

尽管网络游戏日益流行，但一直没有关于成人游戏者与未成人游戏者的比较性调查。为此，我们对EverQuest（简称EQ，中文名称为“无尽的任务”，是由美国索尼在线娱乐公司开发的知名网络游戏——译者注）游戏者（n=540）的相关特征进行了... 详细信息

尽管网络游戏日益流行，但一直没有关于成人游戏者与未成人游戏者的比较性调查。为此，我们对EverQuest（简称EQ，中文名称为“无尽的任务”，是由美国索尼在线娱乐公司开发的知名网络游戏——译者注）游戏者（n=540）的相关特征进行了网上问卷调查。该调查主要考察了游戏玩家基本的人口学特征、游戏的频率、玩游戏的历史、游戏的偏好及玩游戏的代价等。结果表明未成年的游戏者多为男性，相较于成年游戏者，他们更不喜欢变换角色性别，更愿意牺牲学习和工作的时间。在游戏偏好的比较中，成年与非成年游戏群体的最大区别在于更多的未成年人认为他们喜好的游戏因素是暴力性。调查结果同时还证实，越年轻的玩家每周耗费在游戏上的时间越长。

关键词：游戏玩家未成年人网络游戏成人游戏网上问卷调查人口学特征中文名称娱乐公司游戏因素调查结果

The interstellar medium:the key component in galactic evolution and modern cosmology

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2019年第2期19卷 5-14页

作者： Carl Heiles di Li Naomi McClure-griffiths Lei Qian Shu Liu department of Astronomy University of CaliforniaBerkeley National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of FAST National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Astronomy and Space Science University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Research School for Astronomy & Astrophysics Australian National University

The gases of the interstellar medium(ISM) possess orders of magnitude more mass than those of all the stars combined and are thus the prime component of the baryonic Universe. With L-band surface sensitivity even better than the planned phase one of the Square Kilometre Array(SKA1), the Five-hundredmeter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope(FAST) promises unprecedented insights into two of the primary components of ISM, namely, atomic hydrogen(HI) and the hydroxyl molecule(OH). Here, we discuss the evolving landscape of our understanding of ISM, particularly, its complex phases, the magnetic fields within, the so-called dark molecular gas(dMG), high velocity clouds and the connection between local and distant ISM. We lay out, in broad strokes, several expected FAST projects, including an all northern-sky high-resolution HI survey(22 000 deg2, 3′FWHM beam, 0.2 km s^(-1)), targeted OH mapping, searching for absorption and maser signals, etc. Currently under commissioning, the commensal observing mode of FAST will be capable of simultaneously obtaining HI and pulsar data streams, making large-scale surveys in both science areas more efficient.

关键词： ISM:atoms ISM:individual(hydrogen) ISM:molecules ISM:evolution surveys

Variation in decomposition stages and carrion insect succession in a dry tropical climate and its effect on estimating postmortem interval

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Forensic Sciences Research 2020年第4期5卷 327-335页

作者： Kirsty griffiths Matt N.Krosch Kirsty Wright Scientific Section Forensic Services GroupQueensland Police ServiceBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia Quality Management Section Forensic Services GroupQueensland Police ServiceBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia Genomics Research Centre Institute of Health and Biomedical InnovationQueensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia

Insects have an important role in minimum postmortem interval(PMImin)*** accurate PMImin estimation relies on a comprehensive study of the development and succes-sion of local carrion *** published research on carrion insect succession exists for tropical north *** address this,we aimed to obtain preliminary observational data concerning the rate of decomposition and insect succession on pig carcasses in Townsville and compare these with other regions of Australia and *** insects were collected daily from three pig carcasses for 30d during summer and identified to fa-mily *** of decomposition rate were made each day and progression through the stages of decomposition were *** insects were identified to family and their presence/absence used as a proxy for arrival at/departure from the remains,*** preliminary data highlight several interesting trends that may be inform-ative for forensic PMImin *** was rapid:all carcasses were at the dry/remains stage by day 5,which was substantially quicker than all other regions in the *** were also observed in the presence/absence of insect families and their arrival and departure *** the rapid progression through early decomposition,we argue that later-arriving coleopteran taxa may be more forensically informative in tropical Australia,in contrast with temperate regions where diptera appear most *** research contributes preliminary observational data to understanding insect succession pat-terns in tropical Australia and demonstrates the critical need for comprehensive local succes-sion data for each climatic region of Australia to enable accurate PMImin *** data will inform future research targeted at gaining a more comprehensive understanding of insect succession in the Australian tropics.

关键词： Forensic sciences forensic entomology postmortem interval diptera Coleoptera decomposition

Prehospital transdermal glyceryl trinitrate for ultra- acute ischaemic stroke: data from the RIGHT- 2 randomised sham- controlled ambulance trial

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Stroke & Vascular Neurology 2024年第1期9卷 38-49,I0035-I0046页

作者： Jason Philip Appleton Lisa J Woodhouse Craig S Anderson Sandeep Ankolekar Lesley Cala mark dixon Timothy J England Kailash Krishnan Grant Mair Keith W Muir John Potter Christopher I Price Marc Randall Thompson G Robinson Christine Roffe Else C Sandset Jeffrey L Saver Angela Shone Aloysius Niroshan Siriwardena Joanna M Wardlaw Nikola Sprigg Philip M Bath Stroke University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation TrustBirminghamUK Institute of Applied HealthResearch University of Birmingham College of Medical and Dental SciencesBirminghamUK Stroke Trials Unit Mental Health and Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUK Faculty of Medicine The George Institute for Global HealthSydneyNew South WalesAustralia The George Institute China at Peking University Health Science Center BeijingChina Neurology Royal Prince Alfred HospitalSydney Health PartnersSydneyNew South WalesAustralia department of Neurology King's College Hospital NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Western AustraliaCrawleyWestern AustraliaAustralia East Midlands Ambulance Service NHS Trust NottinghamUK Stroke Queen's Medical CentreNottingham University Hospitals NHS TrustNottinghamUK Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences Dementia Research InstituteUniveristy of EdinburghEdinburghUK Institute of Neurology and Psychology University of GlasgowGlasgowUK Bob Champion Research and Education Building University of East AngliaNorwichUK Institute of Neuroscience Newcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK department of Neurology Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS TrustLeedsUK department of Cardiovascular Sciences and NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre University of LeicesterLeicesterUK Stroke Research in Stoke Institute for Science and Technology in MedicineKeele UniversityStoke-on TrentUK department of Neurology Oslo University HospitalOsloNorway Research and development Norwegian Air Ambulance FoundationOsloNorway department of Neurology and Comprehensive Stroke Center David Geffen School of MedicineUCLALos AngelesCaliforniaUSA Research and Graduate Services University of NottinghamNottinghamUK Community and Health Research Unit University of LincolnLincolnUK

Background The effect of transdermal glyceryl trinitrate(GTN,a nitrovasodilator)on clinical outcome when administered before hospital admission in suspected stroke patients is ***,we assess the safety and efficacy of GTN in the prespecified subgroup of patients who had an ischaemic stroke within the Rapid Intervention with Glyceryl trinitrate in Hypertensive stroke Trial-2(RIGHT-2).Methods RIGHT-2 was an ambulance-based multicentre sham-controlled blinded-endpoint study with patients randomised within 4hours of *** primary outcome was a shift in scores on the modified Rankin scale(mRS)at day *** outcomes included death;a global analysis(Wei-Lachin test)containing Barthel Index,EuroQol-5d,mRS,telephone interview for cognitive status-modified and Zung depression scale;and neuroimaging-determined‘brain frailty’*** were reported as n(%),mean(Sd),median[IQR],adjusted common OR(acOR),mean difference or Mann-Whitney difference(MWd)with 95%*** 597 of 1149(52%)patients had a final diagnosis of ischaemic stroke;age 75(12)years,premorbid mRS>2107(18%),Glasgow Coma Scale 14(2)and time from onset to randomisation 67[45,108]***‘brain frailty’was common:median score 2[2,3](range 0–3).At day 90,GTN did not influence the primary outcome(acOR for increased disability 1.15,95%CI 0.85 to 1.54),death or global analysis(MWd 0.00,95%CI-0.10 to 0.09).In subgroup analyses,there were non-significant interactions suggesting GTN may be associated with more death and dependency in participants randomised within 1hour of symptom onset and in those with more severe *** In patients who had an ischaemic stroke,ultra-acute administration of transdermal GTN in the ambulance did not improve clinical outcomes in a population with more clinical and radiological frailty than seen in previous in-hospital *** IS ALREAdY KNOWN ON THIS TOPIC⇒Transdermal glyceryl trinitrate(GTN)was associat-ed with less death and dependency in those w

关键词： Glasgow nitrate random

Genotype-by-environment interaction for grain yield among novel cowpea(Vigna unguiculata L.) selections derived by gamma irradiation

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The Crop Journal 2018年第3期6卷 306-313页

作者： Lydia Horn Hussein Shimelis Fatma Sarsu Learnmore Mwadzingeni mark d.Laing African Centre for Crop Improvement University of Kwa Zulu-Natal directorate of Research and Training Plant Production ResearchMinistry of AgricultureWater and Forestry Plant Breeding and Genetics Section Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture

This study determined the effects of genotype-by-environment(G × E) interaction and stability of yield among elite cowpea(Vigna unguiculata L.) selections derived by gamma irradiation. The study was conducted in Namibia at three selected sites: Bagani, Mannheim,and Omahenene, during 2014/2015 and 2015/2016. Thirty-four newly developed mutant genotypes and three local checks were evaluated using a randomized complete block design with three replications. Grain yield data were analyzed using the additive main effects and multiplicative interaction(AMMI) and the genotype main effect plus genotype-by-environment interaction(GGE) biplot methods. The AMMI and GGE biplot models explained 77.49% and 75.57% of total observed genotypic variation, *** and Omahenene were the environments best discriminating the test genotypes during 2014/2015 and 2015/2016, respectively. Four promising mutant genotypes: G9(Sh L3 P74), G10(Sh R3 P4), G12(Sh R9 P5), and G4(Sh L2 P4), showed wide adaptation and grain yields of 2.83, 2.06, 1.99, and 1.95 t ha^(-1), respectively. The novel mutant lines are useful genetic resources for production or future cowpea breeding programs in Namibia or similar environments.

关键词： AMMI Cowpea Genotype by environment interaction GGE biplot Mutants

Breeding wheat for drought tolerance： Progress and technologies

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2016年第5期15卷 935-943页

作者： Learnmore Mwadzingeni Hussein Shimelis Ernest dube mark d Laing Toi J Tsilo College of Agriculture Engineering and Science University of KwaZulu-Natal/African Centre for Crop Improvement Scottsville 3209 South Africa Agricultural Research Council-Small Grain Institute (ARC-SGI) Bethlehem 9700 South Africa

Recurrent drought associated with climate change is among the principal constraints to global productivity of wheat（Triticum aestivum（L.） and T. turgidum（L.））. Numerous efforts to mitigate drought through breeding resilient varieties are underway across the world. Progress is, however, hampered because drought tolerance is a complex trait that is controlled by many genes and its full expression is affected by the environment. Furthermore, wheat has a structurally intricate and large genome. Consequently, breeding for drought tolerance requires the integration of various knowledge systems and methodologies from multiple disciplines in plant sciences. This review summarizes the progress made in dry land wheat improvement, advances in knowledge, complementary methodologies, and perspectives towards breeding for drought tolerance in the crop to create a coherent overview. Phenotypic, biochemical and genomics-assisted selection methodologies are discussed as leading research components used to exploit genetic variation. Advances in phenomic and genomic technologies are highlighted as options to circumvent existing bottlenecks in phenotypic and genomic selection, and gene transfer. The prospects of further integration of these technologies with other omics technologies are also provided.

关键词： drought tolerance genomic selection genotyping phenotyping wheat

Simulation of Liquid Metal droplets from Field Emission

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Communications in Computational Physics 2007年第4期2卷 640-661页

作者： Anton VanderWyst Andrew Christlieb mark Sussman Iain d.Boyd Raytheon Missile Systems 1151 E.Hermans RoadP.O.Box 11337TucsonAZ 85734USA department of Mathematics Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMI 48824USA department of Mathematics Florida State UniversityTallahasseeFL 32306USA department of Aerospace Engineering University of MichiganAnn ArborMI 48109USA.

Liquid metal droplets are accelerated by electrostatic forces in a process known as field *** this study,we simulate the emission of charged indium droplets on a needle in 2d cylindrical *** boundary element method is used to rapidly and accurately calculate the electric field on the fluid surface,which is then advected forward in time using level *** is the first time these methods have been combined,and this combination addresses difficult detachable surface tracking issues successfully.A histogram of droplet charge-to-mass ratio is generated in which it is predicted that smaller satellite droplets are more densely *** addition,our model is compared with independent pre-and post-snap off data and produces good agreement with the result.

关键词： Field emission electric propulsion modeling level set boundary element method

Female answer specificity to male drumming calls in three closely related species of the stonefly genus Zwicknia (Plecoptera: Capniidae)

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Insect Science 2021年第1期28卷 215-223页

作者： Kirill mark Orci david Muranyi MTA-ELTE-MTM Ecology Research Group Hungarian Academy of SciencesEotvos Lorand University and the Hungarian Natural History MuseumBudapestHungary department of Zoology Eszterhazy Karoly UniversityEgerHungary department of Zoology Hungarian Natural History MuseumBudapestHungary

This study examines the rate of female answers to conspecific versus heterospecific male vibratory calls in three,closely related stonefly species:Zwicknia bifrons,***,and *** a previous study those three species were recognized on the basis of their distinct male drumming calls along with differences in genital morphology and genetic *** this study no-choice playback experiments using original male call samples from each species were performed,and the answer rate of females to con・specific and heterospecific signal variants was *** effect logistic regression models were used to test if male call species identity had a statistically significant effect on female answer *** answered conspecific male calls with significantly higher probability than heterospecific calls in all the three examined species,suggesting that the divergence of vibrational communication can be an important component of the prezygotic isolation between ***,but well detectable responsiveness to heterospecific calls was observable between *** and ***,the two species closest to each other regarding mitochondrial genetic divergence and male call pattern ***,our results are most congruent with a tight,gradual coevolution of male calls and female preferences.

关键词： biotremology drumming call Plecoptera reproductive isolation species recognition vibrational communication

Heterozygous carriers of galactocerebrosidase mutations that cause Krabbe disease have impaired microglial function and defective repair of myelin damage

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Neural Regeneration Research 2018年第3期13卷 393-401页

作者： Nicole J.Scott-Hewitt Christopher J.Folts mark d.Noble department of Biomedical Genetics University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry

This review addresses two puzzling findings related to mutations in galactocerebrosidase （GALC） that cause Krabbe disease （Kd）, a severe lysosomal storage disorder characterized by extensive myelin damage in children with mutations in both GALC alleles. First, heterozygous carriers of Kd-causing mutations, which include the biological parents of children with Kd, exhibit increased risk for developing other diseases. Second, variants in the GALC locus increase the risk of developing multiple sclerosis （MS）, another disease characterized by extensive myelin damage. What explains these correlations？ In studies on cuprizone-induced myelin damage in heterozygous （GALC＋/–） mice carrying one copy of a mutation that causes Kd-like disease, the extent of damage was similar in GALC＋/– and wild-type （WT） mice. In contrast, GALC＋/- mice had striking defects in repair of cuprizone-induced damage. We further found unexpected microglial defects in myelin debris clearance and in the ability to up-regulate the Trem2 microglial protein critical for debris uptake. These defects were rescued by exposure to a lysosomal re-acidifying drug discovered in our studies on Kd, and which provides multiple clinically relevant benefits in the twitcher （GALC＋/–） mouse model of Kd. Thus, heterozygous GALC mutations cause effects on biological function that may help to understand the increased disease risk in heterozygous carriers of such mutations and to understand why GALC variations increase the risk of MS. Our findings indicate that while some genetic risk factors may contribute to complex diseases by increasing the risk of tissue damage, others may do so by compromising tissue repair.

关键词： vulnerability locus multiple sclerosis Krabbe disease galactocerebrosidase microglia myelin repair lysosomal storage disorders heterozygous carriers Trem2 demyelination