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Management of esophageal caustic injury

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology and Therapeutics 2017年第2期8卷 90-98页

作者： mark anthony a de lusong Aeden Bernice G Timbol Danny Joseph S Tuazon Section of Gastroenterology Departmentof MedicinePhilippine General HospitalUniversity of the PhilippinesaManila 01004Philippines

Ingestion of caustic substances and its long-term effect on the gastrointestinal system maintain its place as an important public health issue in spite of the multiple efforts to educate the public and contain its growing number. This is due to the ready availability of caustic agents and the loose regulatory control on its production. Substances with extremes of pH are very corrosive and can create severe injury in the upper gastrointestinal tract. The severity of injury depends on several aspects: Concentration of the substance, amount ingested, length of time of tissue contact, and p H of the agent. Solid materials easily adhere to the mouth and pharynx, causing greatest damage to these regions while liquids pass through the mouth and pharynx more quickly consequently producing its maximum damage in the esophagus and stomach. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy is therefore a highly recommended diagnostic tool in the evaluation of caustic injury. It is considered the cornerstone not only in the diagnosis but also in the prognostication and guide to management of caustic ingestions. The degree of esophageal injury at endoscopy is a predictor of systemic complication and death with a 9-fold increase in morbidity and mortality for every increased injury grade. Because of this high rate of complication, prompt evaluation cannot be overemphasized in order to halt development and prevent progression of complications.

关键词： Caustic ingestion Esophageal caustic Caustic injury Corrosive ingestion Esophageal injury

Bandwidth limits of luminescent solar concentrators as detectors in free-space optical communication systems

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Light(Science & Applications) 2021年第1期10卷 29-40页

作者： mark Portnoi Paul anthony Haigh Thomas JM acdonald Filip Ambroz Ivan PParkin Izzat Darwazeh loannis Papakonstantinou Photonic Innovations Lab Department of Electronic and Electrical EngineeringUniversity College LondonLondon WC1E 7JEUK School of Engineering University of NewcastleNewcastle NE17RUUK department of Chemistry Imperial College LondonLondon W12 OBZUK department of Chemistry University College LondonLondon WC1H OAJUK department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering University College LondonLondon WC1E 7JEUK

Luminescent solar concentrators(LSCs)have recently emerged as a promising receiver technology in free-space optical communications due to their inherent ability to collect light from a wide field-of-view and concentrate it into small areas,thus leading to high optical *** high-speed communication systems integrating LSCs in their detector blocks have already been demonstrated,with the majority of efforts so far being devoted to maximising the received optical power and the system's ***,LSCs may pose a severe bottleneck on the bandwidth of such communication channels due to the comparably slow timescale of the fluorescence events involved,a situation further aggravated by the inherent reabsorption in these systems,and yet,an in-depth study into such dynamic effects remains absent in the *** fill this gap,we have developed a comprehensive analytical solution that delineates the fundamental bandwidth limits of LSCs as optical detectors in arbitrary free-space optical links,and establishes their equivalence with simple RC low-pass electrical ***,we demonstrate a time-domain Monte Carlo simulation platform,an indispensable tool in the multiparameter optimisation of LSC-based receiver *** work offers vital insight into LSC system dynamic behaviour and paves the way to evaluate the technology for a wide range of applications,including visible light communications,high-speed video recording,and real-time biological imaging,to name a few.

关键词： communication integrating devoted

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A clockwork orange

Clinical and scientific impact of human papillomavirus on head and neck cancer

作者： anthony Burgess edited by mark Rawlinson.

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World Journal of Clinical Oncology 2014年第4期5卷 781-791页

作者： Jeffrey M Friedman mark J Stavas anthony J Cmelak department of Radiation Oncology Vanderbilt University Medical Center NashvilleTN 37232 United States

Head and neck cancer(HNC) arises from the skull base to the clavicles and is the fifth most common cancer in the world by incidence. Historically, in the developed world HNC was associated with tobacco use and alcohol consumption, and the combination of the two produced a synergistic increase in risk. However, beginning in 1983, investigators have found a significant and growing proportion of HNC patients with human papillomavirus-positive(HPV) tumors who neither drank nor used tobacco. Since that time, there has been increased interest in the molecular biology of HPV-positive HNC. Multiple studies now show that HPV has shifted the epidemiological landscape and prognosis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma(HNSCC). These studies provide strong evidence for improved survival outcomes in patients with HPV-positive HNSCC compared to those with HPV-negative HNSCC. In many reports, HPV status is the strongest predictor of locoregional control, disease specific survival and overall survival. In response to these findings, there has been significant interest in the best management of HPV-positive disease. Discussions within major cooperative groups consider new trials designed to maintain the current strong survival outcomes while reducing the long-term treatment-re-lated toxicities. This review will highlight the epidemiological, clinical and molecular discoveries surrounding HPV-related HNSCC over the recent decades and we conclude by suggesting how these findings may guide future treatment approaches.

关键词： Human papilloma virus Head and neck cancer Squamous cell carcinoma Chemotherapy Radiation Molecular biology

Predicting defect behavior in B2 intermetallics by merging ab initio modeling and machine learning

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npj Computational Materials 2016年第1期2卷 1-10页

作者： Bharat Medasani anthony Gamst Hong Ding Wei Chen Kristin A Persson mark Asta Andrew Canning Maciej Haranczyk Computational Research Division Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCA 94720USA Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate Pacific National Northwest LaboratoryRichlandWA 99354USA Biostatistics and Bioinformatics University of CaliforniaSan DiegoCA 92093USA department of Materials Science&Engineering University of CaliforniaBerkeleyCA 94720USA Energy Technologies Area Division Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCA 94720USA Energy Technologies Area Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCA 94720USA department of Mechanical Materials and Aerospace EngineeringIllinois Institute of TechnologyChicagoIL 60616USA Materials Sciences Division Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCA 94720USA

We present a combination of machine learning and high throughput calculations to predict the points defects behavior in binary intermetallic(A–B)compounds,using as an example systems with the cubic B2 crystal structure(with equiatomic AB stoichiometry).To the best of our knowledge,this work is the first application of machine learning-models for point defect *** throughput first principles density functional calculations have been employed to compute intrinsic point defect energies in 100 B2 intermetallic *** systems are classified into two groups:(i)those for which the intrinsic defects are antisites for both A and B rich compositions,and(ii)those for which vacancies are the dominant defect for either or both composition *** data was analyzed by machine learning-techniques using decision tree,and full and reduced multiple additive regression tree(MART)*** these three schemes,a reduced MART(r-MART)model using six descriptors(formation energy,minimum and difference of electron densities at the Wigner–Seitz cell boundary,atomic radius difference,maximal atomic number and maximal electronegativity)presents the highest fit(98%)and predictive(75%)*** model is used to predict the defect behavior of other B2 compounds,and it is found that 45%of the compounds considered feature vacancies as dominant defects for either A or B rich compositions(or both).The ability to predict dominant defect types is important for the modeling of thermodynamic and kinetic properties of intermetallic compounds,and the present results illustrate how this information can be derived using modern tools combining high throughput calculations and data analytics.

关键词： intermetallic intermetallics defect

Impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the dairy industry: Lessons from China and the United States and policy implications

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2020年第12期19卷 2903-2915页

作者： Qingbin WANG LIU Chang-quan ZHAO Yuan-feng anthony KITSOS mark CANNELLA WANG Shu-kun HAN Lei department of Community development and Applied Economics University of VermontBurlingtonVermont 05405USA Rural development Institute Chinese Academy of Social SciencesBeijing 100732P.R.China College of Economics and Management Inner Mongolia Agricultural UniversityHohhot 010018P.R.China UVM Extension University of VermontBurlingtonVermont 05405USA

The purposes of this study are to assess the COVID-19 pandemic’s impacts on the dairy industries in China and the United States and to derive policy recommendations for enhancing the diary industries’resilience to pandemics and other market ***,data from the two nations are used to analyze and compare the mechanisms through which the pandemic has affected their dairy industries and to discuss potential lessons from their *** findings suggest that this pandemic has heavily affected the dairy industries in both China and the United States through similar mechanisms,such as decreased farmgate milk prices,disruption and difficulties of moving milk within the supply chains,worker shortages,increased production costs,and lack of operating *** were also significant differences in the affecting mechanisms between the two nations,including transportation difficulties from widespread road closures and significant reduction in holiday sales of dairy products in China,and the shutdown of many dairy processors in the United States due to the closing of schools,restaurants,and *** government financial reliefs are highly needed to help many dairy farms and processors survive this pandemic in the short term,the dairy industries and governments need to work together to develop long-term strategies and policies to balance the industries’efficiency and flexibility,product specialization and diversification,supply chain integration and local food systems,and market mechanisms and policy regulations and interventions.

关键词： impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic dairy industry China the United States

Novel microsatellite markers suggest the mechanism of parthenogenesis in Extatosoma tiaratum is automixis with terminal fusion

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Insect Science 2018年第1期25卷 24-32页

作者： Yasaman Alavi anthony van Rooyen mark Adrian Elgar Theresa Melanie Jones Andrew Raymond Weeks1 School of BioSciences University of Melbourne Victoria Australia Cesar Pty Ltd 293 Royal Parade Parkville Victoria Australia

Parthenogenetic reproduction is taxonomically widespread and occurs through various cytological mechanisms, which have different impact on the genetic variation of the offspring. Extatosoma tiaratum is a facultatively parthenogenetic Australian insect （Phasmatodea）, in which females oviposit continuously throughout their adult lifespan irre- spective of mating. Fertilized eggs produce sons and daughters through sexual reproduction and unfertilized eggs produce female offspring via parthenogenesis. Here, we developed novel microsatellite markers for E. tiaratum and characterized them by genotyping indi- viduals from a natural population. We then used the microsatellite markers to infer the cytological mechanism of parthenogenesis in this species. We found evidence suggesting parthenogenesis in E. tiaratum occurs through automixis with terminal fusion, resulting in substantial loss of microsatellite heterozygosity in the offspring. Loss of microsatel- lite heterozygosity may be associated with loss of heterozygosity in fitness related loci. The mechanism of parthenogenetic reproduction can therefore affect fitness outcomes and needs to be considered when comparing costs and benefits of sex versus parthenogenesis.

关键词： apomixis automixis Extatosoma tiaratum heterozygosity microsatellite markers parthenogenesis

Perceptual complexity of soil-landscape maps: a user evaluation of color organization in legend designs using eye tracking

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2017年第6期10卷 560-581页

作者： Arzu Coltekin Alzbeta Brychtova Amy L.Griffin anthony C.Robinson mark Imhof Chris Pettit department of Geography University of ZurichZürichSwitzerland School of Physical Environmentaland Mathematical SciencesUNSWCanberraAustralia GeoVISTA Center Department of GeographyThe Pennsylvania State UniversityState CollegePAUSA department of Economic development JobsTransport and ResourceState Government of VictoriaAgriculture Victoria City Futures Research Centre University of New South WalesSydneyAustralia

We compared the ability of two legend designs on a soil-landscape map to efficiently and effectively support map reading tasks with the goal of better understanding how the design choices affect user *** such knowledge is essential to design effective interfaces for digital earth *** of the two legends contained an alphabetical ordering of categories,while the other used a perceptual grouping based on the Munsell color *** tested the two legends for 4 tasks with 20 experts(in geography-related domains).We analyzed traditional usability metrics and participants’eye movements to identify the possible reasons behind their success and failure in the experimental ***,an overwhelming majority of the participants failed to arrive at the correct responses for two of the four tasks,irrespective of the legend ***,participants’prior knowledge of soils and map interpretation abilities led to interesting performance differences between the two legend *** discuss how participant background might have played a role in performance and why some tasks were particularly hard to solve despite participants’relatively high levels of experience in map *** on our observations,we caution soil cartographers to be aware of the perceptual complexity of soil-landscape maps.

关键词： Soil-landscape maps legend design visual complexity color empirical study eye tracking

Compression and relaxation properties of timothy hay

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2011年第3期4卷 69-78页

作者： Sana Talebi Lope G.Tabil anthony Opuku mark Shaw department of Chemical and Biological Engineering University of Saskatchewan 57 Campus DriveSaskatoonSKCanadaS7N 5A9

The compression and relaxation characteristics of timothy hay were investigated with respect to hay moisture content,applied load,and hay *** trials were performed by using a Baldwin hydraulic universal testing machine model 60 *** applied loads ranged from 90 kN to 240 kN,in 30 kN *** qualities of timothy hay were used,high quality with moisture contents of 7.44%,10.17%,12.97%,and 16.42%wet basis(w.b.),and low quality with moisture contents of 6.38%,8.67%,16.24%,and 18.94%*** results indicated that the compact density of hay samples increased with increasing moisture content and applied *** maximum applied pressure was required to achieve the same compact density with increasing moisture *** were fitted to the applied pressure-compact density *** were developed between the model constants and the experimental *** use of Faborode-O’Callaghan model for bale densities less than 500 kg/m^(3) and the simple power law model for bale densities greater than 500 kg/m^(3) are the most appropriate models expressing the relationship between density and pressure during the compression of timothy *** relaxation of the hay samples were affected by the initial maximum applied load or pressure and the moisture *** with higher moisture contents had higher percentage relaxation than low moisture content *** percent relaxation values ranged from 27.40%to 53.35%for the high quality hay,and for the low quality hay the values ranged from 28.80%to 53.70%.The asymptotic modulus values(EA)were influenced by the maximum applied pressure or load and moisture content.A linear relationship was developed between the asymptotic modulus,maximum applied pressure,and moisture content.

关键词： densification compaction moisture content visco-elastic properties density asymptotic modulus disinfestations Canada