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Assessment of challenges and strategies for driving energy transitions in emerging markets:A socio-technological systems perspective

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Energy Geoscience 2024年第2期5卷 81-100页

作者： Nelson S.Chipangamate Glen t.Nwaila Wits Mining Institute University of the Witwatersrand1 Jan Smuts Ave.Johannesburg2000South Africa School of Geosciences University of the WitwatersrandPrivate Bag 3Wits2050South Africa

the pursuit of improved quality of life standards has significantly influenced the contemporary mining model in the 21st *** era is witnessing an unprecedented transformation driven by pressing concerns related to sustainability,climate change,the just energy transition,dynamic operating environments,and complex social *** transitions present both opportunities and *** aim of this study is to provide an extensive literature review on energy transition to identify the challenges and strategies associated with navigating transformations in energy *** these transformations is particularly critical in the face of the severe consequences of global warming,where an accelerated energy transition is viewed as a universal *** a socio-technological systems perspective,specifically through the application of Actor Network theory(ANt),this research provides a theoretical foundation while categorising challenges into five distinct domains and outlining strategies across these different *** insights are specifically tailored for emerging market countries to effectively navigate energy transition while fostering the development of resilient ***,our findings highlight that energy transition encompasses more than a mere technological shift;it entails fundamental changes in various systemic socio-economic *** focusing on the role of social structures in transitions,this study makes a significant and innovative contribution to ANt,which has historically been criticised for its limited acknowledgement of social ***,we propose an emerging market energy transition framework,which not only addresses technological aspects,but also integrates social *** framework paves the way for future research and exploration of energy transition *** outcomes of this study offer valuable insights to policymakers,researchers,and practitioners engaged in t

关键词： Actor network theory Energy transition Social innovation technology Actor inclusive policy

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A test of the species confidence hypothesis in dusky damselfish

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Current Zoology 2024年第1期70卷 79-86页

作者： Elle Overs Sydney Stump Isabel Severino Daniel t.Blumstein Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90095-1606USA

Visual cues are important in both interspecific and intraspecific *** species confidence hypothesis proposes that animals are more attracted to conspecific colors and repelled by colors,not on their *** on terrestrial lizards and birds have tested the species confidence hypothesis and shown that conspecific colors elicit reduced antipredator *** date,the species confidence hypothesis has not been tested in the marine environment,specifically on coral reefs where color communication is of vital *** addressed this knowledge gap by measuring flight initiation distance(the distance an individual moves away from an approaching threat)in dusky damselfish(Stegastes nigricans)in response to an approaching disc of 1 of 4 different color treatments:conspecific,blue,yellow,and *** the species confidence hypothesis explained variation in damselfish flight initiation distance,then we expected individuals to tolerate closer approaches when approached by a conspecific *** addition,we calculated the color difference between each stimulus and its corresponding back-ground as a potential alternative explanation for flight *** tolerated the closest approach from the conspecific color stimulus;there were no significant differences between other colors and there was no support for the alternative color difference *** with similar terrestrial studies,these results are relevant to ecotourists'choice of swimsuit and wetsuit colors because color choice may modify naturalantipredatorbehavior.

关键词： antipredator behavior flight initiation distance risk assessment species confidence hypothesis Stegastes nigricans

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Viral and nonviral nanocarriers for in vivo CRISPR-based gene editing

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Nano Research 2024年第10期17卷 8904-8925页

作者： Zhongyuan Guo Audrey t.Zhu Ronnie H.Fang Liangfang Zhang Aiiso Yufeng Li Family Department of Chemical and Nano Engineering University of California San DiegoLa JollaCA 92093USA Division of Host-Microbe Systems and therapeutics Department of PediatricsUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCA 92093USA

the continued development of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats(CRISPR)technology has the potential to greatly impact clinical medicine,particularly for disease diagnosis and *** high demand for the in vivo delivery of CRISPR-based therapies,significant challenges *** include rapid degradation by enzymes,inefficient disease site targeting,and the risk of undesired off-target *** platforms,with their tailorable properties,have been engineered to efficiently package CRISPR payloads in various formats,including as plasmid DNA,mRNA,and ribonucleoprotein complexes,for in vivo *** them,recombinant adeno-associated viruses,virus-like particles,and lipid nanoparticles have displayed exceptional *** review will discuss the development of these and other nanocarriers for in vivo CRISPR-based genome editing.

关键词： clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats(CRISPR) in vivo gene editing nanocarriers recombinant adeno-associated viruses(rAAVs) virus-like particle(VLP) lipid nanoparticle(LNP)

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Astrocytes dynamically regulate the blood-brain barrier in the healthy brain

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第4期19卷 709-710页

作者： AgnėPociūtė Augustas Pivoriūnas Alexei Verkhratsky Department of Stem Cell Biology State Research Institute Centre for Innovative MedicineVilniusLithuania Faculty of Biology Medicine and HealthThe University of ManchesterManchesterUK Achucarro Centre for Neuroscience IKERBASQUEBasque Foundation for ScienceBilbaoSpain Department of Forensic Analytical toxicology School of Forensic MedicineChina Medical UniversityShenyangLiaoning ProvinceChina

the blood-brain barrier(BBB)(discovered and defined by Max Lewandowsky and Lina Stern,and not,as it is universally,and yet erroneously believed,by Paul Ehrlich(Verkhratsky and Pivoriunas,2023))that separates the nervous system from the circulation is evolutionarily conserved from arthropods to *** primeval BBB of the invertebrates and some early vertebrates was made solely by glial cells and secured(in invertebrates)by septate junctions.

关键词： Ehrlich barrier blood

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Gastrin and antral G cells in course of Helicobacter pylori eradication: Six months follow up study

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2005年第27期11卷 4140-4147页

作者： Aleksandra Sokic-Milutinovic Vera todorovic tomica Milosavljevic marjan micev Neda Drndarevic Olivera Mitrovic Clinic for Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of Imunohistochemistry and Electron Microscopy Pathology Department

AIM： to assess long-term effects of Helicobacter pylori （H pylon} eradication on antral G cell morphology and function in patients with and without duodenal ulcer （DU）.MEtHODS： Consecutive dyspeptic patients referred to the endoscopy entered the study. Out of 39 Hpylori positive patients, 8 had DU （Hpylori ＋DU） and 31 gastritis （Hpylori＋G）. Control groups consisted of 11 uninfected dyspeptic patients （CG1） and 7 healthy volunteers （CG2）. Basal plasma gastrin （PGL）, antral tissue gastrin concentrations （AtGC）, immunohistochemical and electron microscopic characteristics of G cells were determined, prior to and 6 mo after ***： We-demonstrated elevated PGL in infected patients compared to uninfected controls prior to *** PGL were registered in all Hpylori＋patients （Hpylori＋DU： 106.78＋22.72 pg/mL, Hpylori＋G： 74.95＋15.63,CGI： 68.59＋17.97, CG2：39.24＋5.59 pg/mL, P〈0.01）.Successful eradication （e） therapy in Hpylori＋patients lead to significant decrease in PGL （Hpylori＋DU： 59.93＋9.40 and Hpylori＋Ge： 42.36＋10.28 pg/mL, P〈0.001）. AtGC at the beginning of the study were similar in infected and uninfected patients and eradication therapy lead to significant decrease in AtGC in Hpylori＋gastritis, but not in DU patients. In the Hpylori＋DU patients, the mean number of antral G cells was significantly lower in comparison with all other groups （P〈0.01）, but after successful eradication was close to normal values found in controls. By contrast, G cell number and volume density were significantly decreased （P〈0.01） in Hpylori＋Ge group after successful eradication therapy （294＋32 and 0.31＋0.02,respectively）, in comparison to values before eradication （416~40 and 0.48~0.09）. No significant change of the G cell/total endocrine cell ratio was observed during the 6 mo of follow up in any of the groups. A reversible increase in G cell secretory function was seen in all infected individuals, demonstrated by a more prominent secretory apparatus. However, differences b

关键词： Gastrin G cell Duodenal ulcer Gastritis He/icobacter py/ori

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Superplasticity of fine-grained Mg-10Li alloy prepared by severe plastic deformation and understanding its deformation mechanisms

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第1期12卷 316-331页

作者： H.t.Jeong S.W.Lee W.J.Kim Department of Materials Science and Engineering Hongik UniversityMapo-guSangsu-dong 72-1Seoul 121-791Republic of Korea

the superplastic behavior and associated deformation mechanisms of a fine-grained Mg-10.1 Li-0.8Al-0.6Zn alloy(LAZ1011)with a grain size of 3.2μm,primarily composed of the BCCβphase and a small amount of the HCPαphase,were examined in a temperature range of 473 K to 623 *** microstructural refinement of this alloy was achieved by employing high-ratio differential speed *** best superplasticity was achieved at 523 K and at strain rates of 10^(-4)-5×10^(-4)s^(-1),where tensile elongations of 550±600%were *** the heating and holding stage of the tensile samples prior to tensile loading,a significant increase in grain size was observed at temperatures above 573 ***,it was important to consider this effect when analyzing and understanding the superplastic deformation behavior and *** the investigated strain rate range,the superplastic flow at low strain rates was governed by lattice diffusion-controlled grain boundary sliding,while at high strain rates,lattice diffusion-controlled dislocation climb creep was the rate-controlling deformation *** was concluded that solute drag creep is unlikely to *** the late stages of deformation at 523 K,it was observed that grain boundary sliding led to the agglomeration of theαphase,resulting in significant strain *** mechanism maps were constructed forβ-Mg-Li alloys in the form of 2D and 3D formats as a function of strain rate,stress,temperature,and grain size,using the constitutive equations for various deformation mechanisms derived based on the data of the current tests.

关键词： Magnesium-lithium alloy Superplasticity Severe plastic deformation Grain size Grain growth

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Sleep-based neuronal oscillations as a physiological biomarker for Alzheimer's disease:is night time the right time?

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第7期19卷 1417-1418页

作者： Jonathan Witton Erica S.Brady Michael t.Craig Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Health and Life SciencesUniversity of ExeterExeterEnglandUK Gladstone Institute for Neurological Disease San FranciscoCAUSA School of Psychology and Neuroscience College of MedicalVeterinary and Life SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowScotlandUK

Dementia is a devastating syndrome characterized by memory problems,confusion,and behavior changes that prevent people from performing everyday *** is the leading cause of dependency and disability amongst older people,resulting in a global economic cost of ~$1.3 *** 58 million people are currently afflicted by dementia worldwide,with Alzheimer s disease(AD) causing most(60-70%) of these cases.

关键词： Alzheimer everyday performing

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tensor force impact on shell evolution in neutron-rich Si and Ni isotopes

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Chinese Physics C 2024年第4期48卷 95-106页

作者： S.V.Sidorov A.S.Kornilova t.Yu.tretyakova Faculty of Physics Lomonosov Moscow State UniversityMoscow 119991Russia Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics Lomonosov Moscow State UniversityMoscow 119991Russia

the influence of the tensor interaction of nucleons on the characteristics of neutron-rich silicon and nickel isotopes was studied in this *** forces are considered within the framework of the Hartree-Fock approach with the Skyrme *** addition of a tensor component of interaction is shown to improve the description of the splittings between different single-particle states and decrease nucleon-nucleon pairing correlations in silicon and nickel *** attention was directed toward the role of isovector tensor forces relevant to the interaction of like nucleons.

关键词： nuclear shell model tensor interaction silicon isotopes nickel isotopes

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Conservation laws,Lie symmetries,self adjointness,and soliton solutions for the Selkov–Schnakenberg system

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Communications in theoretical Physics 2024年第2期76卷 29-44页

作者： Kashif Ali Aly R Seadawy Syed t R Rizvi Noor Aziz Department of Mathematics COMSATS University IslamabadLahore CampusPakistan Mathematics Department Faculty of ScienceTaibah UniversityAl-Madinah Al-Munawarah41411Saudi Arabia

In this article,we explore the famous Selkov–Schnakenberg(SS)system of coupled nonlinear partial differential equations(PDEs)for Lie symmetry analysis,self-adjointness,and conservation ***,miscellaneous soliton solutions like dark,bright,periodic,rational,Jacobian elliptic function,Weierstrass elliptic function,and hyperbolic solutions of the SS system will be achieved by a well-known technique called sub-ordinary differential *** these results are displayed graphically by 3D,2D,and contour plots.

关键词： Selkov-Schnakenberg system Lie symmetry analysis conservation laws adjointness integrability

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SMILE soft X-ray Imager flight model CCD370 pre-flight device characterisation

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2024年第1期8卷 25-38页

作者： S.Parsons D.J.Hall O.Hetherington t.W.Buggey t.Arnold M.W.J.Hubbard A.Holland Centre for Electronic Imaging the Open UniversityMilton KeynesMK76AAUK

throughout the SMILE mission the satellite will be bombarded by radiation which gradually damages the focal plane devices and degrades their *** order to understand the changes of the CCD370s within the soft X-ray Imager,an initial characterisation of the devices has been carried out to give a baseline performance *** CCDs have been characterised,the two flight devices and the flight spa *** has been carried out at the Open University in a bespo ke cleanroom measure ment *** results show that there is a cluster of bright pixels in the flight spa re which increases in size with tempe *** at the nominal ope rating tempe rature(-120℃) it is within the procure ment ***,the devices meet the specifications when ope rating at -120℃ in 6 × 6 binned frame transfer science *** se rial charge transfer inefficiency degrades with temperature in full frame *** any charge losses are recovered when binning/frame transfer is implemented.

关键词： CCD soft X-ray imager characterisation SMILE

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