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Current Zoology 2021年第2期67卷 201-213页

作者： Andran ABRAMJAN marine arakelyan Daniel FRYNTA Department of Zoology Faculty of ScienceCharles UniversityVinicná7Prague12843Czech Republic Depatment of Zoology Faculty of BiologyYerevan State UniversityAlek Manoogian 1Yerevan0025Armenia

Sexual selection often leads to evolution of conspicuous signals,raising the chances of attracting not only potential mates,but also *** lacertid lizards,ultraviolet(UV)-blue spots on flanks and shoulders represent such a *** level of correlation between male and female ornamen-tation is also known to ***,the phenotype of females may change in the absence of sexual *** tested this hypothesis on a complex of parthenogenetic and bisexual lizards of the genus *** evaluated area,counts,and chromatic properties(UV opponency,sat-uration)of UV-blue spots and compared the values between the clones and their bisexual progeni-tor *** found a fair heterogeneity between the parthenogenetic species,but no general tendency toward higher crypsis or *** of the parthenogens were not signifi-cantly different from the values of sexual females.A possible explanation is that the changes in se-lective forces associated with parthenogenetic reproduction are too small to affect the resulting pattern of selective pressures on the studied traits,or that the phenotypes of the parthenogens re-sult from the unique combination of parental genomes and are conserved by clonal reproduction.

关键词： clonal reproduction coloration reptiles sexual selection visual modeling

Evolution of parthenogenetic reproduction in Caucasian rock lizards:A review

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Current Zoology 2023年第2期69卷 128-135页

作者： marine arakelyan Victor Spangenberg Varos Petrosyan Alexey Ryskov Oksana Kolomiets Eduard Galoyan Department of Zoology Yerevan State UniversityYerevanArmenia Vavilov Institute of General Genetics MoscowRussia Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution RAS MoscowRussia Institute of Gene Biology RASMoscowRussia Zoological Museum of Moscow State University MoscowRussia

Despite numerous works devoted to hybrid origin of parthenogenesis in reptiles,the causes of hybridization between different species,resulting in the origin of parthenogenetic forms,remain *** studies demonstrate that sexual species considered parental to parthenogenetic rock lizards(Darevskia spp.)avoid interspecific mating in the secondary overlap areas.A specific combination of environmental factors during last glaciation period was critical for ectotherms,which led to a change in their distribution and sex *** population structure(e.g.,male bias)and limited available distributional range favored the deviation of reproductive behavior when species switched to interspecific *** date,at least 7 diploid parthenogenetic species of rock lizards(Darevskia,Lacertidae)originated through interspecific hybridization in the *** cytogenetic specifics of meiosis,in particular the weak checkpoints of prophase l,may have allowed the formation of hybrid karyotypes in rock *** and polyploidization are 2 important evolutionary forces in the genus *** present,throughout backcrossing between parthenogenetic and parental species,the triploid and tetraploid hybrid individuals appear annually,but no triploid species found among Darevskia *** current stage of *** speciation by hybridization with the long-term stage of diploid parthenogenetic species,non-distorted meiosis,together with the high ecological plasticity of Caucasian rock lizards provide us with a new model for considering the pathways and persistence of the evolution of parthenogenesis in vertebrates.

关键词： Caucasus glacial period hybridization reptiles reticulate evolution unisexual

Natural history of Valentin’s rock lizard(Darevskia valentini) in Armenia

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Zoological Research 2019年第4期40卷 277-292页

作者： Eduard Galoyan Alisa Bolshakova Manush Abrahamyan Ruzanna Petrosyan Valeria Komarova Victor Spangenberg marine arakelyan Zoological Museum of the Lomonosov Moscow State University Moscow 125009Russia Department of Zoology Biological Faculty of Moscow State UniversityMoscow 119992Russia Department of Zoology Biological Faculty of Yerevan State UniversityYerevan 0025Armenia Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution of the Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow 119071Russia Vavilov Institute of General Genetics Russian Academy of SciencesMoscow 119991Russia

Valentin's rock lizard (Darevskia valentini) is suggested to be the pare nt for several parthenoge netic species (e.g., D. armeniaca, D. bendimahiensis, D. sapphirina, and D. unisexualis) that evolved through hybridization. Complex evolutionary processes (ineluding reticulate evolution) are occurring within the areas where Valentin' s rock lizard coexists with these and other rock lizards. Hence, a detailed biological specification of this species is important for understanding how vertebrates evolve. Valentin's rock lizard is a longlived (up to 9 years), small diurnal lizard with larger females than males, which is unlike other species of the genus. Their relatively large eggs and early reproducti on period, which occurs just after emerge nee from winter shelters, are adaptatio ns for living in a high elevation climate (higher than 2 000 m a.s.l.). Their body temperatures (31 -32℃) are comparable to body temperatures of rock lizards living in milder climates, though female body temperature is more depe ndent on substrate temperature and basking due to their lower activity than that found in males. Population density fluctuates from several individuals to several hundred per hectare and is not affected by parthenogen coexistenee, although hybrids do occur in sexually biased populations where males are more common than females. The male home range is larger than that of females, though these home ranges broadly overlap. Prey is not limited in the mountain meadows and Valentin's rock lizards feed on a great variety of arthropods. Infan ticide occurs in high-de nsity populati ons.

关键词： Darevskia valentini Reproduction Population density Skeletochronology Home range Seasonal activity

Bin2vec:learning representations of binary executable programs for security tasks

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Cybersecurity 2021年第1期4卷 401-414页

作者： Shushan arakelyan Sima Arasteh Christophe Hauser Erik Kline Aram Galstyan Information Sciences Institute 4676 Admiralty WayMarina Del ReyCAUSA

Tackling binary program analysis problems has traditionally implied manually defining rules and heuristics,a tedious and time consuming task for human *** order to improve automation and scalability,we propose an alternative direction based on distributed representations of binary programs with applicability to a number of downstream *** introduce Bin2vec,a new approach leveraging Graph Convolutional Networks(GCN)along with computational program graphs in order to learn a high dimensional representation of binary executable *** demonstrate the versatility of this approach by using our representations to solve two semantically different binary analysis tasks–functional algorithm classification and vulnerability *** compare the proposed approach to our own strong baseline as well as published results,and demonstrate improvement over state-of-the-art methods for both *** evaluated Bin2vec on 49191 binaries for the functional algorithm classification task,and on 30 different CWE-IDs including at least 100 CVE entries each for the vulnerability discovery *** set a new state-of-the-art result by reducing the classification error by 40%compared to the source-code based inst2vec approach,while working on binary *** almost every vulnerability class in our dataset,our prediction accuracy is over 80%(and over 90%in multiple classes).

关键词： Binary program analysis Computer security Vulnerability discovery Neural networks

A New Approach in Hail Prevention Technique for a Locally Restricted Area

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Agricultural Sciences 2017年第7期8卷 559-571页

作者： Artashes K. arakelyan ECOSERV Remote Observation Centre Co. Ltd. Yerevan Armenia

This article describes a new method for hail detection and an autonomous and automatically functioning complex for hail prevention, suppression or trapping for locally restricted application.

关键词： Hail Hail Detection Hail Prevention and Suppression Brightness Temperature Microwave Radiometer

Hail Detector and Forecaster ArtAr-HDF

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Agricultural Sciences 2020年第11期11卷 966-982页

作者： Artashes K. arakelyan Vanik V. Karyan Maria K. arakelyan ECOSERV Remote Observation Centre Co. Ltd. Yerevan Armenia

This article describes a new and low-cost microwave passive sensor for hail prediction (forecasting) and detection developed in Armenia, which can be used to implement fully autonomous and automatically functioning hail protection of locally limited or large agricultural and urban areas in order to prevent, suppress or catch hail in traps. The article also presents the results of measurements of the intrinsic emission characteristics of water and ice, rain and hail clouds, carried out in laboratory and field conditions in the Ku-band of radio frequencies. The results obtained showed that the intrinsic emission of a hail cloud in the Ku-band of radio frequencies differs significantly from the intrinsic emission of a rain cloud. The presented results show that indeed the radar is not very suitable for the timely detection and determination of hail with a high probability, which is very important for the timely starting up of anti-hail protection means. On the contrary, radiometers (passive microwave sensors) can become an effective sensing tool for timely detection and recognition of hail with a high probability of long-range approaches up to ~12 - 15 km.

关键词： Hail Hail Detection Hail Forecasting Hail Prevention and Suppression Hail Trapping Brightness Temperature Microwave Radiometer

Association of Bax and Bcl-2 Functional Polymorphisms and Protein Levels with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2018年第2期6卷 23-32页

作者： Diana Avetyan Arsen arakelyan Gohar Mkrtchyan Laboratory of Human Genomics and Immunomics Institute of Molecular Biology Armenian National Academy of Sciences Yerevan Armenia Group of Bioinformatics Institute of Molecular Biology Armenian National Academy of Sciences Yerevan Armenia

Background: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is an anxiety disease influenced by both environmental and genetic factors, which affects a patient’s quality of life and social stability. Recent studies have shown that the pathogenesis of PTSD is associated with apoptosis;however, the molecular mechanisms that cause such damage are not well-understood. Also it is unclear whether these pathologic alterations are genetically determined or caused by other factors. The aim of this study was to investigate the genetic association of functional polymorphisms in genes coding for apoptosis-related Bcl-2 and Bax proteins with PTSD as well as proteins levels in the blood of affected subjects. Methods: The study groups consisted of 200 combat veterans with PTSD and an equal number of healthy subjects with no family- or past-history of any psychiatric disorders. Bax and Bcl-2 proteins levels in blood were measured by ELISA. DNA samples were genotyped for SNPs using PCR-SSP. Results: According to our results, PTSD patients are characterized by increased levels of apoptotic proteins and the imbalance in the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio compared to healthy subjects. Our results also demonstrate that rs956572*A minor allele of the BCL2 gene was overrepresented in patients with PTSD compared to healthy subjects. Conclusions: The results implicate Bcl-2 and Bax in pathogenesis of PTSD on genetic and protein levels, though further studies on enlarged cohort and in different populations are required.

关键词： Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Apoptosis BCL2 BAX Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms

Genetic Polymorphisms of Nervous System Development and the Risk of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

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American Journal of Molecular Biology 2018年第1期8卷 58-68页

Background: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a complex severe polygenic psychiatric disease, influenced by environmental and genetic factors. PTSD development and progression is characterized by cognitive impairment, which may result in altered processes of nervous system development and synaptic plasticity, where a number of growth factors and their receptors were shown to play important role. Since neurotrophins play an essential role in the development of central nervous system, it is widely implicated in psychiatric disorders. The aim of this study is to investigate the potential association functional polymorphisms of genes encoding netrin G1 (NTNG1), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), nerve growth factor (NGF) and its receptor (NGFR) with PTSD. Methods: Study groups consisted of 200 combat veterans with PTSD and an equal number of controls with no family or past history of any psychiatric disorders. The DNA samples were genotyped for NTNG1 rs62811;BDNF rs6265;NGF rs6330, rs4839435;NGFR rs11466155, rs734194 SNPs using polymerase chain reaction with sequence specific primers. Results: According to the results, NGF rs6330 was overrepresented in patients with PTSD compared to controls. Furthermore, negative association for BDNF rs6265, NGF rs4839435 and NGFR rs734194 was observed in PTSD patients. Conclusions: In summary, BDNF rs6265, NGF rs6330, rs4839435 and NGFR rs734194 are implicated in PTSD in Armenian population. However, further research is required to provide the definitive evidence of selected polymorphism association with gene expression.

关键词： BDNF NGF NGFR NTNG1 Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

A randomized retrospective clinical study on the choice between endodontic surgery and immediate implantation

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Frigid Zone Medicine 2022年第2期2卷 90-93页

作者： Garegin Movsesyan Edita Margaryan Marianna arakelyan Mikhail Stepanov Training and Clinical Center«FODERIS» Moscow 121467Russia Department of Therapeutic Dentistry Institute of DentistryI.M.SechenovFirst Moscow State Medical University(Sechenov University)Moscow 119991Russia Department of Surgical Dentistry I.M.Sechenov Institute of DentistryFirst Moscow State Medical University(Sechenov University)Moscow 119991Russia

Background:Periapical endodontic surgery(PES)for root amputation and tooth replacement by immediate implant placement are two possible treatment options for bone lesions in the root apex of a tooth that has previously undergone endodontic *** methods are performed when the effectiveness of orthograde canal revision is questionable or when such treatment cannot be *** effectiveness of these methods varies from study to ***:clinical evaluation of the efficacy of periapical endodontic surgery for root amputation and immediate implant placement with simultaneous tooth extraction in the proximate and long-term *** and methods:The study included 183 patients between the ages of 24 and *** were divided into 2 groups;group I-endodontic surgery was performed to resect the apex of the tooth root(108 patients)and group II-an operation to install an implant with simultaneous tooth extraction(75 patients).In group I,in 36 cases,PES was performed in the area of the first molars and premolars,and 72 cases in the area of incisors and *** group II,75 patients received 231 ***:In all 108 patients of group I in the postoperative period and within 1 month,the wounds healed without *** none of the 36 operated premolars and molars,there was no definitive elimination of the radiographic bone loss(Rude grade 2 and 3)after 12 *** the area of incisors and canines,complete healing was observed only in 37.5%of cases(I class according to Rud).In group II,out of 184 implants installed immediately after tooth extraction,one was removed one month after *** other cases,all implants were successfully integrated with the subsequent fabrication of prosthetic ***:The complex“implant(installed in the socket of the tooth immediately after its removal)-bone-soft tissues-prosthetic construction”is stable over time in terms of functional and aesthetic parameters,preservation o

关键词： periapical pathological lesion immediate implantation delayed implantation apicoectomy endodontic surgery

Genomics-driven derivatization of the bioactive fungal sesterterpenoid variecolin:Creation of an unnatural analogue with improved anticancer properties

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2024年第1期14卷 421-432页

作者： Dexiu Yan Jemma arakelyan Teng Wan Ritvik Raina Tsz Ki Chan Dohyun Ahn Vladimir Kushnarev Tsz Kiu Cheung Ho Ching Chan Inseo Choi Pui Yi Ho Feijun Hu Yujeong Kim Hill Lam Lau Ying Lo Law Chi Seng Leung Chun Yin Tong Kai Kap Wong Wing Lam Yim Nikolay S.Karnaukhov Richard Y.C.Kong Maria V.Babak Yudai Matsuda Department of Chemistry City University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina iGEM Team“VarieCure” City University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina Department of Biomedical Engineering City University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina Moscow Clinical Research Center Named After A.S.Loginov Moscow 111123Russian Federation

A biosynthetic gene cluster for the bioactive fungal sesterterpenoids variecolin(1)and variecolactone(2)was identified in Aspergillus aculeatus ATCC *** production of 1 and 2 was achieved in Aspergillus oryzae by expressing the sesterterpene synthase VrcA and the cytochrome P450 ***,the replacement of VrcB with homologous P450s from other fungal terpenoid pathways yielded three new variecolin analogues(5-7).Analysis of the compounds’anticancer activity in vitro and in vivo revealed that although 5 and 1 had comparable activities,5 was associated with significantly reduced toxic side effects in cancer-bearing mice,indicating its potentially broader therapeutic *** study describes the first tests of variecolin and its analogues in animals and demonstrates the utility of synthetic biology for creating molecules with improved biological activities.

关键词： Animal studies Anticancer properties Biosynthesis Natural products Sesterterpenoids Synthetic biology Terpene synthases Variecolin