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Levant Drought Occurrence, Lebanon Case

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Atmospheric and Climate Sciences 2024年第1期14卷 118-127页

作者： Ihab Jomaa Mariam Choker Nisrine El Haj marie Therese Abi Saab Matteo Funaro Simone Mereu Department of Irrigation and AgroMeteorology (DIAM) of the Lebanese Agriculture Research Institute (LARI) Tal Amara Lebanon Climate and Water Unit Lebanese Agricultural Research Institute Fanar Lebanon CMCC—Centro Euro-Mediterraneo sui Cambiamenti Climatici IAFES Division Sassari Italy

Rainfall data is probably one of the longest-recorded climatic parameters in Lebanon. On the central coast of Lebanon, the Beirut weather station started collecting rainfall data in 1876. However, the recorded data is not available at one data provider source. Published data is found in historical documents but it reaches the early 1970s and then appears a data gap till 1990. Still the data is available, but it might be found to be saved privately. This study investigated the SPI variability on annual time scale between the years 1876 and 2021. The SPI was computed using R-Stat software to compare every year between 1876 and 2021. The majority (about 70% of the years) of the years are near normal in the precipitation rate. The Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) demonstrated a normal distribution of years. Dry and wet years constitute about 15% of the total 146 years (1876-2021). Extremely dry years might appear in two consecutive years between 50 to 60 years count. After 1991, there were no wet years it was only near normal and few dry years. The last 30 years showed a trend of increasing drought years without any occurrence of wet years. This study demonstrated the importance of keeping records of at least rainfall data and it must be recorded on a daily basis or intensity on time. It is highly important on a managerial basis and for water security reasons to understand the drought event occurrence and investigate the changes in rainfall rates. Climate change scenarios always forecast a decrease in rainfall rates which will not appear without such studies.

关键词： Climate Change Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) Beirut Rainfall Gag-es

Measuring Pedestrian Stress Response (MPSR) Using Wearable Technologies

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Journal of Transportation Technologies 2024年第2期14卷 224-235页

作者： Ishita Dash Rachael anne Muscatello Mark D. Abkowitz Ella R. Mostoller Mike Sewell Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Vanderbilt University 2301 Vanderbilt Place Nashville USA Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences SENSE Lab Vanderbilt University Medical Center 1211 Medical Center Drive Nashville USA Gresham Smith 111 West Main Street Suite 201 Louisville USA

Walkability is an essential aspect of urban transportation systems. Properly designed walking paths can enhance transportation safety, encourage pedestrian activity, and improve community quality of life. This, in turn, can help achieve sustainable development goals in urban areas. This pilot study uses wearable technology data to present a new method for measuring pedestrian stress in urban environments and the results were presented as an interactive geographic information system map to support risk-informed decision-making. The approach involves analyzing data from wearable devices using heart rate variability (RMSSD and slope analysis) to identify high-stress locations. This data-driven approach can help urban planners and safety experts identify and address pedestrian stressors, ultimately creating safer, more walkable cities. The study addresses a significant challenge in pedestrian safety by providing insights into factors and locations that trigger stress in pedestrians. During the pilot study, high-stress pedestrian experiences were identified due to issues like pedestrian-scooter interaction on pedestrian paths, pedestrian behavior around high foot traffic areas, and poor visibility at pedestrian crossings due to inadequate lighting.

关键词： Wearable Technology Walkability Built Environment Pedestrian Safety

Application of Sigma Metric Analysis to Evaluate the Performance of the Biochemistry Analytical System in a Medical Biology Laboratory in Côte d’Ivoire

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Journal of Analytical Sciences, Methods and Instrumentation 2024年第1期14卷 14-21页

作者： Koffi Akissi Joelle Kouakou Francisk Kouadio Charlotte Yeo Karna Ahiboh Hugues Hauhouot-Attoungbré marie-Laure Biochemistry and Clinical Chemistry Unit CeDReS University Hospital of Treichville Abidjan Ivory Coast Department of Biochemistry Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Biology Faculty of Pharmaceutical and Biological Sciences University Felix Houphouet-Boigny Abidjan Ivory Coast

Introduction: The Six Sigma methodology is an opportunity for a better understanding of the performance of analytical methods and for a better adaptation of the quality control management policy of the medical biology laboratory. Using the sigma metric, this study assessed the performance of the Biochemistry analytical system of a medical biology laboratory in Côte d'Ivoire. Methods: Six Sigma methodology was applied to 3 analytes (alanine aminotransferase, glucose and creatinine). Performance indicators such as measurement imprecision and bias were determined based on the results of internal and external quality controls. The sigma number was calculated using the total allowable error values proposed by Ricos et al. Results: For both control levels, ALT had a sigma number greater than 6 (7.6 for normal control and 7.9 for pathological control). However, low sigma numbers, less than or equal to 2 for creatinine (1.4 for normal control and 2 for pathological control) and less than 1 for glucose were found. Conclusion: This study revealed good analytical performance of ALT from the point of view of 6 sigma analysis. However, modifications to the overall quality control procedure for glucose and creatinine are needed to improve their analytical performance. The study should be extended to the entire laboratory’s analytes in order to modify the strategies of quality control procedures based on metric analysis for an overall improvement in analytical performance.

关键词： Six Sigma Qualities Controls Bias Imprecision Total Allowable Error

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法国知识分子与中国人民抗日战争

国外理论动态 2024年第3期 160-168页

作者：玛丽·布歇姚岚(译) 法国古斯塔夫·埃菲尔大学洛林大学历史研究中心同济大学外国语学院同济大学中国特色社会主义理论研究中心

1931-1939年间,法国知识分子通过不同方式支持中国人民抗日战争。从成立“反对东北战争行动委员会”到“中国人民之友协会”,再到加入国际反侵略运动大会,部分法国左翼知识分子积极为中国人民抗日战争提供舆论支持。一方面,他们创办专... 详细信息

1931-1939年间,法国知识分子通过不同方式支持中国人民抗日战争。从成立“反对东北战争行动委员会”到“中国人民之友协会”,再到加入国际反侵略运动大会,部分法国左翼知识分子积极为中国人民抗日战争提供舆论支持。一方面,他们创办专门刊物《中国》,以文字为武器,揭露日本侵华的野蛮行径;另一方面,他们利用电影、纪录片等媒体手段,报道饱受战争之苦的中国,号召法国民众为中国筹款,但遭到法国政府的阻挠。法国汉学家是声援中国的一支特殊力量,但他们的态度不尽相同。其中,路易·拉卢瓦为声援中国投入最多,葛兰言通过法中文化交流声援中国,伯希和则对中国遭受日本侵略表现得漠不关心。大部分法国汉学家拒绝表达明确的政治承诺,更倾向于在其专业领域内采取谨慎行动。

关键词：法国知识分子中国人民抗日战争法国中国学

Heterogeneity of mature oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第5期20卷 1336-1349页

作者： Chao Weng Adam M.R.Groh Moein Yaqubi Qiao-Ling Cui Jo anne Stratton G.R.Wayne Moore Jack P.Antel Neuroimmunology Unit Montreal Neurological Institute-HospitalDepartment of Neurology and NeurosurgeryMcGill UniversityMontrealQCCanada Department of Neurology Renmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanHubei ProvinceChina

Mature oligodendrocytes form myelin sheaths that are crucial for the insulation of axons and efficient signal transmission in the central nervous *** evidence has challenged the classical view of the functionally static mature oligodendrocyte and revealed a gamut of dynamic functions such as the ability to modulate neuronal circuitry and provide metabolic support to *** the recognition of potential heterogeneity in mature oligodendrocyte function,a comprehensive summary of mature oligodendrocyte diversity is *** delve into early 20th-century studies by Robertson and Río-Hortega that laid the foundation for the modern identification of regional and morphological heterogeneity in mature ***,recent morphologic and functional studies call into question the long-assumed homogeneity of mature oligodendrocyte function through the identification of distinct subtypes with varying myelination ***,modern molecular investigations,employing techniques such as single cell/nucleus RNA sequencing,consistently unveil at least six mature oligodendrocyte subpopulations in the human central nervous system that are highly transcriptomically diverse and vary with central nervous system *** and disease related mature oligodendrocyte variation denotes the impact of pathological conditions such as multiple sclerosis,Alzheimer's disease,and psychiatric ***,caution is warranted when subclassifying mature oligodendrocytes because of the simplification needed to make conclusions about cell identity from temporally confined *** studies leveraging advanced techniques like spatial transcriptomics and single-cell proteomics promise a more nuanced understanding of mature oligodendrocyte *** research avenues that precisely evaluate mature oligodendrocyte heterogeneity with care to understand the mitigating influence of species,sex,central nervous system region,age,and disease,

关键词： aging central nervous system diseases electron microscopy heterogeneity immunohistochemistry myelin sheath natural history neuroglia oligodendroglia single-cell gene expression analysis

祖母绿与西方世界的面面观:历史、文化与象征

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中国宝石 2024年第4期 132-143页

作者： marie-Laure Cassius-Duranton L'ECOLE珠宝艺术中心

如今,对矿物种类的判定主要取决于其化学成分与原子结构。祖母绿是一种含铬和(或)钒的绿柱石。然而,在矿物学成为一门真正的学科之前,人们会使用其他方式来区分宝石,其中最重要的因素便是颜色。在西方历史和文化中,人们对祖母绿的想象... 详细信息

如今,对矿物种类的判定主要取决于其化学成分与原子结构。祖母绿是一种含铬和(或)钒的绿柱石。然而,在矿物学成为一门真正的学科之前,人们会使用其他方式来区分宝石,其中最重要的因素便是颜色。在西方历史和文化中,人们对祖母绿的想象与其颜色密切相关。尽管绿色具有丰富的象征意义,但在西方文明中,蓝色、红色等其他颜色要比绿色更为重要。

关键词：祖母绿矿物种类绿柱石矿物学原子结构化学成分西方文明宝石

The Support Systems and Coping Strategies of Infertile Women Attending the Out-Patient Consultation Unit of CHRACERH Yaoundé, Cameroon: A Cross-Sectional Study

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2024年第6期14卷 869-887页

作者： Emenguele Pascale Mpono Fidelia Mbi Kobenge Gabrielle Laure Mengne Etienne Belinga Jean marie Kasia Thomas Obinchemti Egbe Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology CHRACERH Yaound Yaound Cameroon Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Yaound 1 Yaound Cameroon Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Faculty of Health Sciences University of Bamenda Bamenda Cameroon Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Douala General Hospital Douala Cameroon Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Faculty of Health Sciences University of Buea Buea Cameroon

Background: Infertility is a complex disorder with significant psycho-social and economic consequences. It globally affects 10% - 15% of couples. In Cameroon, little is known about what women do to overcome the psychosocial aspects of the disease. Objectives: This study aimed to identify the support systems and coping strategies of infertile women attending the outpatient consultation unit of the Gynaecological Endoscopic Surgery and Reproductive Teaching Hospital (CHRACERH), Yaoundé, Cameroon. Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted from the 14th of March to the 6th of April 2023 at CHRACERH Yaoundé. A total of 190 participants were recruited using a convenience sampling method. Data regarding socio-demographic characteristics, support systems and coping strategies were collected using a pretested questionnaire. Descriptive and analytic statistics were conducted using SPSS version 25. Results: The mean age of participants was 39.52 ± 7.64 years. The majority 78.9% of participants were workers (public, private sector, or traders) and were Christians 95.8%. The most common source of psychological support was from family 76.8 and husbands 72.63%. Most of the participants 89.5% resorted to prayer and getting busy 48.4% as a coping strategy. There was no statistically significant relationship between coping strategies and psychological disorders p > 0.05. Conclusion: The main support system of participants was family, husband, and friends. Prayer, getting busy and adoption were the most common coping strategies. There is a need for the Ministry of Public Health and other stakeholders to put in place other support systems and coping strategies (FELICIA) used elsewhere and provide adequate health education and infection control to prevent infertility in Cameroon.

关键词： Infertility Coping Strategies Support Systems Mental Health Women

Pregnancy and Obstetrical Outcomes Following Treatment for Cervical Intra-Epithelial Neoplasia (CIN) in Two Hospitals of a Low-Resource Country

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Advances in Reproductive Sciences 2024年第1期12卷 51-59页

作者： Bruno Kenfack Clovis-Achille Tanekeu Atem Bethel Ajong Zabdielle Blonde Goufack Kenfack Patrick Petignat Pierre marie Tebeu Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Science University of Dschang Dschang Camer-on Institur Supérieur des Sciences de la Santé Université des Montagnes Bangangté Cameroon Kekem MD District Hospital West Region Cameroon Department of Epidemiology and Public Health Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Science University of Dschang Dschang Cameron Geneva University Hospitals Genevas Switzerland Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Science University of Yaounde I Yaounde Cameroon

Objective: In Cameroon, more than 80% of women suffering from cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) are within the reproductive age. This study intended to analyze the pregnancy outcomes following cervical treatment in Cameroon. Methods: This was a cohort study with two years retrospective data collection involving 82 women who underwent cervical treatment for CIN in two Cameroonian hospitals from January 2015 to December 2017. Data were collected from CIN treatment to end of pregnancy where applicable. Data analysis was done using Epi Info software version 3.5.4. Results: We collected data from 82 patients aged 27 to 48 years, with a mean age of 36.5 (SD: 5.3) years. During the study period, 33 out of 82 participants became pregnant 40.2 [29.56 - 51.66]%. The factor associated with pregnancy occurrence after treatment was age less than 35 years (Odds ratio = 4.37 [1.7 - 11.2]. From the 33 pregnancies recorded, 17 (51.5%) ended in a delivery, amongst which 15 (88.2%) were vaginal. Conclusion: Pregnancy frequency over two years following cervical treatment for CIN was relatively good, and younger women (age 35 years) were significantly more like to have conceived compared to their older counterparts. Post-treatment delivery outcomes seem to be similar to those in the general population.

关键词： Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia Cervical Treatment Pregnancy Outcome

A database of modeled gridded dry deposition velocities for 45 gaseous species and three particle size ranges across North America

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2023年第5期127卷 264-272页

作者： Leiming Zhang Zhuanshi He Zhiyong Wu anne marie Macdonald Jeffrey R.Brook Shailesh Kharol Air Quality Research Division Science and Technology BranchEnvironment and Climate Change CanadaTorontoON M3H 5T4Canada Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry University of TorontoTorontoON M5S 2E4Canada

The dry deposition process refers to the flux loss of an atmospheric pollutant due to uptake of the pollutant by the earth’s *** deposition flux of a chemical species is typically calculated as the product of its surface-layer concentration and its dry deposition velocity(V_(d)).Field measurement based V_(d) data are very scarce or do not exist for many chemical species considered in chemistry transport *** the present study,gaseous and particulate dry deposition schemes were applied to generate a database of hourly V_(d) for 45 gaseous species and three particle size ranges for two years(2016–2017)at a 15 kmby 15 km horizontal resolution across North *** V_(d) of the 45 gaseous species ranged from<0.001 to 4.6 cm/sec across the whole domain,with chemical species-dependentmedian(mean)values being in the range of 0.018–1.37 cm/sec(0.05–1.43 cm/sec).The spatial distributions of the two-year average V_(d) showed values higher than 1–3 cm/sec for those soluble and reactive species over certain land *** species have the highest V_(d) over water surfaces,while insoluble but reactive species have the highest V_(d) over *** V_(d) of PM_(2.5) across the whole domain ranged from 0.039 to 0.75 cm/sec with median(mean)value of 0.18(0.20)cm s^(−1),while the mean V_(d) for PM_(2.5)–10 is twice that of PM_(2.5).Uncertainties in the modeled V_(d) are typically on the order of a factor of 2.0 or larger,which needs to be considered when applying the dataset in other studies.

关键词： Air quality modeling Atmospheric pollutant Atmospheric deposition Dry deposition velocity Spatiotemporal distribution