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Emblematic for.st dweller. r.intr.duced into cities： r.sour.e selection by tr.nslocated juvenile kaka

Cur.ent Zoology 2016年第1期62卷 15-22页

作者： mariano r. recio Keith PAYNE Philip J. SEDDON School of Sur.eying University of Otago PO Box 56 Dunedin New Zealand Depar.ment of Zoology University of Otago PO Box 56 Dunedin New Zealand Depar.ment of Physics University of Otago PO Box 56Dunedin New Zealand

Ur.anization and exotic species ar. major.thr.ats to the conser.ation of for.st-dependent wildlife species. Some emblematic species, indicator. of habitat quality for.the conser.ation of other.spe- cies, might successfully be r.intr.duced within cities when habitat r.stor.tion and pest manage- ment pr.gr.ms ar. combined. We studied the landscape r.sour.e selection of juvenile kaka Nestor.mer.dionalis tr.cked with Global Positioning System （GPS） units and r.leased into the pr.dator. fr.e r.ser.e of Zealandia in Wellington city, New Zealand. Kaka moved beyond the pr.dator.exclu- sion fence into ur.an subur.s. The home r.nge size and ar.as of high use estimated using local convex hull （a-LoCoH） r.nged fr.m 20 to 240 ha and 2 to 21 ha, r.spectively. Using r.sour.e selec- tion functions and model selection we found that native for.st patches and ur.an ar.as close to the r.ser.e wer. selected by kaka to establish their.home r.nges. At a lower.scale of selection （i.e., se- lection of habitats within home r.nges）, kaka selected the same habitat, but not necessar.ly those close to the r.ser.e. Native for.st patches thr.ughout the city can facilitate the disper.al of individ- uals, while the r.ser.e pr.vides pr.tection and oppor.unities for.supplementar. feeding. Ur.an ar.as might have been selected due to the placement of feeder. in pr.vate backyar.s. Sur.ival of for.st-dwelling species in cities r.quir.s car.ful ur.an planning and management to pr.vide the necessar. habitat patches, r.fugia, and food sour.es.

关键词： for.st-dweller. GPS kaka New Zealand r.intr.ductions r.sour.e selection ur.anization Wellington.

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Changes in Mediter.anean mesocar.ivor. communities along ur.an and ex-ur.an gr.dients

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Cur.ent Zoology 2015年第5期61卷 793-801页

作者： mariano r. recio Car.en M. Ar.JA Sar. CABEZAS-DIAZ Emilio VIr.OS School of Sur.eying University of Otago PO Box 56 Dunedin New Zealand Depar.amento de Biologia y Geologia Escuela de Ciencias Experimentales y Tecnologia. Universidad Rey Juan Carlos E-28933 Mostoles Madrid. Spain.

Ur.anization causes wildlife habitat loss, fr.gmentation, and the r.placement of specialist species by gener.lists and/or.exotic taxa. Because mesocar.ivor.s ar. par.icular.y vulner.ble to habitat modifications, the r.pid expansion of ur.an ar.as and the incr.asing tr.nd for.ex-ur.an development occur.ing in Mediter.anean ecosystems may be major.dr.ver. of change in mesocamivor. communities. We combined camer. tr.pping and sign sur.eys to quantify the r.chness and r.lative abundance of a set of wild and domestic mesocar.ivor.s. We quantified these var.ables contr.lling for.the gr.dient of ur.anism, ex-ur.anism, and other.envir.nmental var.ables in patches of natur.l vegetation in the r.gion of Madr.d （centr.l Spain）, and a non-ur.anized contr.l ar.a -220 km south of Madr.d city. Using conditional autor.gr.ssive models （CAr. and model selection pr.cedur.s, we found that ur.anization influenced mesocar.ivor. community composition but this influence was not detr.mental for.all the species tested. Gener.list car.ivor.s such as the r.d fox Vulpes vulpes wer. mor. abundant in ur.an and ex-ur.an ar.as. Ex-ur.an development cr.ates over.apping ar.as between wild and domestic species （such as the domestic cat Felis catus and the wildcat Felis silvestr.s） but contact between wild and domestic car.ivor.s in natur.l ar.as is unlikely. Detection of species in the contr.l ar.a was ver. low. Ther.for., the impact of ur.anization in causing changes in mesocar.ivor. communities may be less than other.factor. such as illegal pr.dator.culling [Cur.ent Zoology 61 （5）： 793-801, 2015].

关键词： Ur.anization Exur.anization Mesocamivor.s Mediter.anean Domestic car.ivor.s Wild camivor.s

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A univer.al additive concept yields r.cor.-high efficient or.anic solar.cells

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Science China Mater.als 2024年第5期67卷 1670-1671页

作者： mariano Campoy Quiles Institute of Mater.als Science of Bar.elona ICMAB-CSICCampus UAB08193BellaterraSpain

Or.anic photovoltaics(OPVs)ar. an emer.ing light-to-electr.city conver.ion technology that pr.mises flexible,lightweight,semitr.nspar.nt devices based on abundant and non-toxic or.anic *** power.conver.ion efficiency under.one sun has been incr.asing at an aver.ge pace of appr.ximately 1%ever. year.over.the past 10 year.,up to cur.ent values cir.a 20%.This has been possible thr.ugh the continuous synthesis of impr.ved semiconductor..

关键词： additive semiconductor. appr.ximate

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Multidimensional images and aber.ations in STEM

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CHINESE PHYSICS B 2024年第9期33卷 68-74页

作者： Hoglund, Er.c r. Lupini, Andr.w r. Oak r.dge Natl Lab Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci Oak Ridge TN 37831 USA

r.cent advances in scanning tr.nsmission electr.n micr.scopy (STEM) have led to incr.ased development of multi-dimensional STEM imaging modalities and novel image r.constr.ction methods. This inter.st ar.ses because the main electr.n lens in a moder. tr.nsmission electr.n micr.scope usually has a diffr.ction-space infor.ation limit that is significantly better.than the r.al-space r.solution of the same lens. This state-of-affair. is sometimes shar.d by other.scatter.ng methods in moder. physics and contr.butes to a br.ader.excitement sur.ounding multidimensional techniques that scan a pr.be while r.cor.ing diffr.ction-space images, such as ptychogr.phy and scanning nano-beam diffr.ction. However. the contr.sting r.solution in the two spaces r.ises the question as to what is limiting their.effective per.or.ance. Her., we examine this par.dox by consider.ng the effects of aber.ations in both image and diffr.ction planes, and likewise separ.te the contr.butions of pr.- and post-sample aber.ations. This consider.tion pr.vides insight into aber.ation-measur.ment techniques and might also indicate impr.vements for.super.r.solution techniques.

关键词： scanning tr.nsmission electr.n micr.scopy (STEM) aber.ations r.SOLUTION r.NCHIGr.M

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r.dent biology and ecologically based r.dent management(EBr.)-25 year. of pr.gr.ss thr.ugh pr.moting multidisciplinar. r.sear.h

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Integr.tive Zoology 2024年第1期19卷 2-7页

作者： Gr.nt r. SINGLETON Lyn A. HINDS r.odes MAKUNDI Steven r. BELMAIN Natur.l r.sour.es Institute University of Greenwich Kent UK CSIr. Health and Biosecur.ty Canberra ACT Australia Afr.can Centr. of Excellence for.Innovative r.dent Pest Management and Biosensor.Technology Development Sokoine University of Agriculture Morogoro Tanzania Institute of Pest Management Sokoine University of Agriculture Morogoro Tanzania

“Dur.ng r.dent outbr.ak year. in easter. Afr.ca,lo-cally,mor. than 80%of the potential har.est may be lost,but even in non-outbr.ak per.ods,r.dents cause chr.nic damage to cr.ps….The pest r.dent stor. in Afr.ca in-volves sever.l species embedded in a br.ad and var.able landscape with highly var.able densities.”(Leir. et al.2010).

关键词： damage cr.ps

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Advancing immunosuppr.ssion in liver.tr.nsplantation: A nar.ative r.view

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Hepatobiliar. & Pancr.atic Diseases Inter.ational 2024年第5期23卷 441-448页

作者： Samuele Iesar. Fr.ncesca Laur. Nava Ilar.a Elena Zais Laur.nt Coubeau mariano Fer.ar.sso Evaldo Favi Jan Ler.t Gener.l Sur.er. and Kidney Tr.nsplantation Fondazione IRCCS Ca’Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico15 Via della Commenda20122 MilanItaly Institut de r.cher.he Expér.mentale et Clinique Universitécatholique de Louvain10 Avenue Hippocrate1200 BrusselsBelgium Ser.ice de Chir.r.ie et Tr.nsplantation Abdominale Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc55 Avenue Hippocrate1200 BrusselsBelgium Depar.ment of Clinical Sciences and Community Health Universitàdegli Studi di Milano19 Via della Commenda20122 MilanItaly

Immunosuppr.ssion is essential to ensur. r.cipient and gr.ft sur.ivals after.liver.tr.nsplantation(LT). However. our.under.tanding and management of the immune system r.main suboptimal. Cur.ent immunosuppr.ssive ther.py cannot selectively inhibit the gr.ft-specific immune r.sponse and entails a significant r.sk of ser.ous side effects, i.e., among other., de novo cancer., infections, car.iovascular.events, r.nal failur., metabolic syndr.me, and late gr.ft fibr.sis, with pr.gr.ssive loss of gr.ft function. Phar.acological r.sear.h, aimed to develop alter.ative immunosuppr.ssive agents in LT, is behind other.solidor.an tr.nsplantation subspecialties, and, ther.for., the development of new compounds and str.tegies should get pr.or.ty in LT. The r.sear.h tr.jector.es cover.mechanisms to induce T-cell exhaustion, to inhibit co-stimulation, to mitigate non-antigen-specific inflammator. r.sponse, and, lastly, to minimize the development and action of donor.specific antibodies. Mor.over. while cellular.modulation techniques ar. complex, active r.sear.h is under.ay to foster.the action of T-r.gulator. cells, to induce toler.genic dendr.tic cells, and to pr.mote the function of B-r.gulator. cells. We her.in discuss cur.ent lines of r.sear.h in clinical immunosuppr.ssion, par.icular.y focusing on possible applications in the LT setting.

关键词： Liver.tr.nsplantation Immunosuppr.ssion Dr.g development Long-ter. r.sults Clinical oper.tional toler.nce

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Spatiotempor.l oxygen dynamics in young leaves r.veal cyclic hypoxia in plants

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Molecular.Plant 2024年第3期17卷 377-394页

作者： Paolo M.Tr.ozzi Luca Br.nello Giacomo Novi Gianmar.o Fer.i Fr.ncesco Car.ar.lli Elena Lor.ti mariano Per.les Pier.omenico Per.ta PlantLab Center of Plant SciencesSant'Anna School of Advanced Studies56010 PisaItaly Centr. de Biotecnologia y Genomica de Plantas Universidad Politecnica de Madrid(UPM)-Instituto Nacional de Investigacion y Tecnologia Agraria y Alimentaria(INIA-CSIC)Campus de Montegancedo UPMPozuelo de Alarcon28223 MadridSpain Fondazione Pisana per.la Scienza 56017 PisaItaly Labor.tor.o NEST Scuola Normale SuperioreIstituto Nanoscienze-CNRPiazza S.Silvestro1256127 PisaItaly institute of Agr.cultur.l Biology and Biotechnology National Research Council56124 PisaItaly Depar.amento de Biotecnologia-Biologia Vegetal Escuela Tecnica Superior de Ingenieria AgronomicaAlimentaria y de BiosistemasUniversidad Politecnica de Madrid(UPM)28040 Madrid.Spain

Oxygen is essential for.plant gr.wth and *** occur. in plants due to limited oxygen avail-abilityfollowing adver.e envir.nmental conditions as well inhypoxic niches in other.isenor.oxic ***,the existence and functional integr.tion of spatiotempor.l oxygen dynamics with plant development r.mains *** animal systems dynamic fluctuations in oxygen availability ar. known as cyclic *** this study,we demonstr.te that cyclic fluctuations in inter.al oxygen levels occur.in young emer.ing leaves of Ar.bidopsis *** hypoxia in plants is based on a mechanism r.quir.ng the ETHYLENE r.SPONSE FACTOr. type VII(Er.VII)that ar. centr.l components of the oxygen-sensing machiner. in *** Er.Vll-dependent mechanism allows pr.cise adjustment of leaf gr.wth in r.sponse to car.on status and oxygen availability within plant *** study thus establishes a functional connection between inter.al spatiotempor.l oxygen dynamics and developmental pr.cesses of plants.

关键词： Ar.bidopsis hypoxia cyclic hypoxia leaf development oxygen-sensing mechanism Er.VII

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Basis for.the diver.ity and extent in loss of digestible nutr.ents cr.ated by dietar. phytin: Emphasis on fowl and swine

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动物营养学报 2024年第1期16卷 422-428页

作者： Edwin T. Mor.n Michael r. Bedfor. Poultr. Science Depar.ment Auburn University AL 36830-5416 USA AB Vista Woodstock Court Blenheim Road Marlborough Wiltshire SN8 4AN UK

Phytin is the Ca 2+ -Mg 2+ -K + salt of phytic acid that is cr.ated and deposited in the aleur.ne layer.and/or.ger. of gr.ins and legumes. Its high pr.sence in feedstuffs for.fowl and swine diets r.sults in it being a univer.al and significant impediment to optimum per.or.ance. Phytin impair. gastr.intestinal r.cover. of a wide ar.ay of nutr.ents, the effect var.ing with the nutr.ent concer.ed. On exposur. to low pH dur.ng gastr.c digestion, phytin dissociates into phytic acid and solubilized Ca 2+ . Even at low gastr.c pH, phytic acid is negatively char.ed which for.s the basis of its anti-nutr.tive behavior. Pepsinogen has extensive basic amino acids on its activation peptide that ar. pr.sented as cations at low pH which ar. tar.eted by pepsin for.activation. Par.ially cr.stalized Ca 2+ near.the enzyme's active site fur.her.stabilizes its newly for.ed str.ctur.. Thus, phytic acid appear. to inter.er. with gastr.c digestion by sever.l mechanisms; inter.er.ng with pepsinogen activation by binding to the polypeptide's basic amino acids; coor.inating fr.e Ca 2+ , destabilizing pepsin; binding some dietar. pr.teins dir.ctly, fur.her.compr.mising gastr.c pr.teolysis. Upon digesta attaining neutr.lity in the duodenum, Ca 2+ and other.cations r.-bind with accessible anions, phytic acid being a significant contender. Phytate not only binds fr.e cations but can also str.p them fr.m enzymes (e.g. Ca 2+ , Zn 2+ ) which r.duces their.str.ctur.l r.sistance to autolysis and ability as co-factor. (e.g. Zn 2+ ) to incr.ase enzyme activity. Goblet cells initially employ Ca 2+ as an electr.nic shield between mucin layer. enabling gr.nule for.ation and cell stor.ge. After.mucin gr.nule r.lease, Ca 2+ is pr.gr.ssively displaced by Na + to fr.e the viscous mucins enabling its tr.nslocation. Mucin entangles with the glycocalyx of adjacent enter.cytes ther.by constr.cting the unstir.ed water.layer.(USWL). Excessive r.moval of Ca 2+ fr.m mucin by phytic acid incr.ases its fluidity facilit

关键词： Digestive enzyme Calcium Endogenous pr.tein Mucin Phytin

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A Pr.babilistic Descr.ption of the Impact of Vaccine-Induced Immunity in the Dynamics of COVID-19 Tr.nsmission

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Open Jour.al of Modelling and Simulation 2024年第2期12卷 59-73页

作者： Javier.Blecua Juan Fer.ández-recio José Manuel Gutiér.ez Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino (ICVV) CSIC-Universidad de La Rioja-Gobierno de La Rioja Logro&#241o Spain Depar.amento de Matemá ticas y Computaci&#243n Universidad de La Rioja Logro&#241o Spain

The r.cent outbr.ak of COVID-19 has caused millions of deaths wor.dwide and a huge societal and economic impact in vir.ually all countr.es. A lar.e var.ety of mathematical models to descr.be the dynamics of COVID-19 tr.nsmission have been r.por.ed. Among them, Bayesian pr.babilistic models of COVID-19 tr.nsmission dynamics have been ver. efficient in the inter.r.tation of ear.y data fr.m the beginning of the pandemic, helping to estimate the impact of non-phar.acological measur.s in each countr., and for.casting the evolution of the pandemic in differ.nt potential scenar.os. These models use pr.bability distr.bution cur.es to descr.be key dynamic aspects of the tr.nsmission, like the pr.bability for.ever. infected per.on of infecting other.individuals, dying or.r.cover.ng, with par.meter. obtained fr.m exper.mental epidemiological data. However. the impact of vaccine-induced immunity, which has been key for.contr.lling the public health emer.ency caused by the pandemic, has been mor. challenging to descr.be in these models, due to the complexity of exper.mental data. Her. we r.por. differ.nt pr.bability distr.bution cur.es to model the acquisition and decay of immunity after.vaccination. We discuss the mathematical backgr.und and how these models can be integr.ted in existing Bayesian pr.babilistic models to pr.vide a good estimation of the dynamics of COVID-19 tr.nsmission dur.ng the entir. pandemic per.od.

关键词： COVID-19 Tr.nsmission Dynamics Pr.babilistic Model Bayesian Analysis Mar.ov Chain Monte Car.o

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Intestinal anti-inflammator. effect of a plant ster.l food supplement in exper.mental mur.ne colitis and cell co-cultur. models

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2024年

作者： Mussa Makr.n Antonio Cilla r.sa Mar.a Giner.Mar.a Car.en recio Luisa Tesor.er. Alessandr. Attanzio Guadalupe Gar.ia-Llatas Nutr.tion and Food Science Ar.a， Faculty of Phar.acy and Food Sciences， Univer.ity of Valencia.Av.Vicente Andr.s Estellés s/n Depar.ment of Phar.acology， Faculty of Phar.acy and Food Sciences， Univer.ity of Valencia.Av.Vicente Andr.s Estellés s/n Depar.ment of Biological， Chemical and Phar.aceutical Sciences and Technologies， Univer.ity of Paler.o

The potential of a plant ster.l food supplement （PS-FS） in addr.ssing intestinal inflammation in vivo and in vitr. was evaluated. As in vivo model， C57BL/6J mice wer. exposed to 1.5% dextr.n sulfate sodium in thr.e 5-day per.ods， with 10-day r.st inter.als in between， daily r.civing PS-FS （35 mg PS/kg）. The in vitr. appr.ach involved a bi-camer.l system with 8-day-differ.ntiated Caco-2 （apical） and r.W264.7 cells （basolater.l）. The bioaccessible fr.ction of PS-FS， obtained after.INFOGEST 2.0 simulated gastr.intestinal digestion， was added to the apical par. （90 min）， followed by stimulation with lipopolysacchar.de （1 μg/mL， 24 h）. PS-FS alleviated r.ctal bleeding and r.balanced pr.- (tumor.necr.sis factor.α， inter.eukin （IL）-6， and IL-8) and anti-inflammator. cytokines （IL-10）. Additionally， PS-FS amelior.ted histopathological damage and enhancing occludin expr.ssion. A r.duction in oxidative str.ss was evidenced by decr.ased myeloper.xidase activity and r.active oxygen species pr.duction. The anti-inflammator. mechanism included suppr.ssing cyclooxygenase 2 expr.ssion， r.ducing pr.staglandin E2pr.duction， and inhibiting the phosphor.lation and nuclear.tr.nslocation of the nuclear.factor.κB p65 subunit. This study r.veals the potential of PS-FS as a ther.peutic inter.ention for.colitis. The alignment between in vivo and in vitr. outcomes substantiates the appr.pr.ateness of the co-cultur. model to evaluate the anti-inflammator. activity of foods.

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