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Pilot study provides qualitative evidence for intrinsic motivation in schizophrenia spectrum disorders

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Open Journal of Psychiatry 2012年第4期2卷 321-326页

作者： marian W. Roman Lora Humphrey Beebe Renee Burk University of Tennessee Knoxville USA

Persons with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSDs) face multiple health barriers that are improved with exercise, but they seldom exercise due to a variety of barriers, of which amotivation is primary. In the current study, we investigated the subjective experiences of persons with SSDs following a formal exercise program. Twenty seven persons with SSDs who had taken part in a 16-week walking program provided feedback during exit interviews. Our purpose was to ascertain whether comments provided evidence of development of intrinsic motivation as defined by Ryan and Deci’s self determination of behavior theory. Our directed content analysis resulted in 5 thematic codes: autonomy, competence, relatedness, health benefits and personal enjoyment. Results highlight the importance of health-related group activities in supporting competence, relatedness and autonomy. Development and testing of interventions to support intrinsic motivation is critical to improving the health of this vulnerable group.

关键词： Motivation Exercise Recovery

Reading Levels of Leaflets of Common Over-the-Counter Drugs in Ghana

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2023年第5期13卷 775-792页

作者： William Kodom Gyasi Lawrence Kwadwo Owusu-Ansah marian Amponsaah Frimpong Department of Communication Studies University of Cape Coast Cape Coast Ghana Department of English University of Cape Coast Cape Coast Ghana

Health communication is critical component of effective health delivery. While there are studies on the readability Patient Information Leaflets (PILs) around the world, so far, there is only one Ghanaian study that explored the language of patient information leaflets for malaria. The present study explores the language of PILs of seven common ailments in Ghana. In all, 68 leaflets were purposely sampled for the study. Using SMOG and Flesch Kincaid grade level readability formulae, the researcher measured the readability of PILs and discovered that the readability of all the PILs was difficult to read except the dewormer leaflets that scored standard reading score. Further statistical analysis reveal that the lexical and syntactic complexity of the leaflets were not statistically different. Finally, an interview with 20 patients confirmed that the leaflets are difficult to read due to the complex words and long sentence structures. It is recommended that the PILs be revised to make the leaflets readable.

关键词： Health Communication Readability Lexical Density Syntactical Complexity Readability Formula Patient Information Leaflets

Does the platinum-loading in proton-exchange membrane fuel cell cathodes influence the durability of the membrane-electrode assembly?

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Industrial Chemistry & Materials

Industrial Chemistry & Materials 2023年第4期1卷 501-515页

作者： Ricardo Sgarbi William Ait Idir Quentin Labarde Michel Mermoux Peizhe Wu Julia Mainka Jerome Dillet Clemence Marty Fabrice Micoud Olivier Lottin marian Chatenet CNRS Grenoble INP(Institute of Engineering and Management Univ.Grenoble Alpes)LEPMIUniv.Grenoble AlpesUniv.Savoie Mont Blanc38000 GrenobleFrance LEMTA-Universitede Lorraine-CNRS NancyFrance CEA LITENUniv.Grenoble AlpesF-38054GrenobleFrance

MEAs with various cathode Pt loadings were elaborated and aged using a multiple-stressor accelerated stress test(AST)in a segmented *** thinnest(lowest Pt loading)cathodes have lower initial activity,owing to larger oxygen reduction reaction hindrance and oxygen transport *** the lowest cathode Pt loadings initially degrade faster,the overall loss of ECSA at end-of-test is nearly similar whatever the cathode Pt loading,with no local heterogeneities of aging detected along the gas *** cathode Pt/C catalyst degrades mostly by Ostwald ripening(which seems more pronounced for lower cathode Pt loading)and nanoparticles agglomeration,owing to superficial carbon functionalization and related Pt crystallite migration:no consequent carbon corrosion is witnessed in this ***,the oxidized Pt2+ions formed by Pt corrosion diffuse/migrate roughly in a similar manner through the membrane for all cathode Pt loadings,and are re-deposited by crossover H2 close to the cathode|membrane ***,the mechanisms of Pt/C degradation are not depending on the cathode Pt loading for the chosen AST.

关键词： Proton exchange membrane fuel cells(PEMFC) Cathode catalyst layer(CL) Platinum loading Durability

Examining Extracellular Matrix Metalloproteinase Inducer （EMMPRIN） in Tumor Angiogenesis, Growth, Metastasis and Drug Resistance

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Examining Extracellular Matrix Metalloproteinase Inducer （E...

Breastfeeding Knowledge, Attitude and Intention among Female Young Adults in Ibadan, Nigeria

第四届中国肿瘤学术大会暨第五届海峡两岸肿瘤学术会议

作者： William N. Hait marian Nakada Departments of Pharmacology and Medicine The Cancer Institute of New Jersey University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey/Robert Wood Johnson Medical School195 Little Albany StreetNew BrunswickNew Jersey 08903 Oncology Research Gentocor R＆D Inc.200 Great Valley ParkwayMalvernPA19355

＜正＞Extracellular Matrix Metalloproteinase Inducer （EMMPRIN, a.k.a. CD147 or HAb18G） is a cell surface glycoprotein over-expressed in a number of solid tumors. EMMPRIN functions as a critical modulator of tumor - stroma interactions. EMMPRIN stimulates tumor angiogenesis and growth through a novel mechanism in which tumor - associated EMMPRIN regulates VEGF and matrix metalloproteinase （MMP） expression. This newly discovered mechanism is regulated by the PI3K- Akt, but not MAP kinase, JUN or p- 38 kinase, signaling pathway. EMMFRIN also contributes to tumor metastasis via its stimulation of MMP production in peri - tumor fibroblasts. Furthermore, EMMPRIN overexpression promotes survival of malignant cells, and confers resistance to some chemotherapeutic drugs. EMMPRIN protects cancer cells from apoptosis by effecting accumulation of Bim, a pro - apoptotic BH3 - only protein, in a MAP kinase - dependent fashion. Being highly overexpressed on tumor cell surface, EMMPRIN also serves as an excellent marker for targeted therapy, exemplified by the recent success of lodine metuximab （licartin） in hepatocellular carcinoma. These multiple EMMPRIN - dependent mechanisms underscore the potential of EMMPRIN as a novel target for cancer therapy.

关键词： Angiogenesis, Apoptosis, Bim, Drug Resistance, EMMPRIN, extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer Licartin MAPK, mitogen- activated protein kinase MMP, matrix metalloproteinase, metuximab, PI - 3K, phosphoinositide 3 - kinase, Stroma, Tumor, VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor.

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Open Journal of Nursing 2016年第1期6卷 11-23页

作者： Oluwatosin Leshi Folake O. Samuel marian O. Ajakaye Department of Human Nutrition Faculty of Public Health University of Ibadan Ibadan Nigeria

Background: The decision to breastfeed is largely dependent on mothers’ breastfeeding knowledge and attitude which are usually formed in their adolescence and early adulthood. It is important to focus research on female young adult who are at the verge of stepping into motherhood. Methods: The breastfeeding knowledge, attitude and intention of 457 female young adults in Ibadan, Nigeria were assessed through validated breastfeeding knowledge, attitude and intention scales. Results: Majority (87.5%) of the respondents had never given birth and 74.6% had previously participated in breastfeeding discussions. About half (52.1%) knew breastfeeding should be initiated within one hour of birth while 49.9% reported that pre-lacteal feed should not be given to newborn babies. Correct definition of exclusive breastfeeding was given by two-third of the respondents and three-quarter specified that breastfeeding was beneficial to both mother and child. Overall 43.1% of the respondents had good breastfeeding knowledge. About 80% of the respondents agreed that breastfeeding should be initiated within one hour after delivery, 37.8% were of the opinion that breast milk only was not sufficient for infants in the first 6 months of life while about half of the respondents agreed that water should be introduced to babies before 6 months. In all, 53.8% had positive attitude towards breastfeeding. Only a third of the respondents had good breastfeeding intention although 90.6% claimed that they intended to breastfeed. Only 35.9% indicated to have known all it took to breastfeed and 54% intended to introduce breastmilk within 1 hour of birth while 60% had the intention of breastfeeding exclusively. There was significant association between breastfeeding knowledge and attitude as well as breastfeeding knowledge and intention. Conclusion: Female young adult demonstrated relatively fair breastfeeding knowledge and attitude but poor intention to breastfeed. Intervention to improve breastfeeding

关键词： Breastfeeding Knowledge Attitude Intention Young Adult

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棉织物常压等离子体处理退浆

印染 2005年第22期31卷 12-15页

作者：蔡再生邱夷平 marian McCord 东华大学化学化工学院东华大学纺织学院 Department of Textile Engineering Chemistry and ScienceNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNorth Carolina27695-8301USA

研究用氧气/空气/氦气和空气/氦气常压等离子体处理退除棉织物上的PVA浆料。通过测试失重率、PVA化学组成、退浆率、纤维表面形态和织物强力等指标,以考察常压等离子体处理退除PVA浆料的有效性。结果表明,氧气/空气/氦气和空气/氦气常... 详细信息

研究用氧气/空气/氦气和空气/氦气常压等离子体处理退除棉织物上的PVA浆料。通过测试失重率、PVA化学组成、退浆率、纤维表面形态和织物强力等指标,以考察常压等离子体处理退除PVA浆料的有效性。结果表明,氧气/空气/氦气和空气/氦气常压等离子体处理退浆与常用的H2O2退浆相比,具有节水、节能和不损伤纤维的优点。

关键词：退浆等离子体常压棉织物

Effects of exercise on leukocytosis and blood hemostasis in 800 healthy young females and males

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World Journal of Experimental Medicine 2013年第1期3卷 11-20页

作者： Kristin L Sand Torun Flatebo marian Berge Andersen Azzam A Maghazachi Department of Physiology Institute of Basic Medical SciencesFaculty of MedicineUniversity of Oslo

AIM: To investigate the effects of exercise on healthy individuals of both genders. METHODS: This study lasted 6 years and involved about 800 healthy people. Individuals were divided into females and males and further sub-divided into two groups; in the first group individuals run(or skied in the winter time) and then rested for 3 h, whereas individuals in the second group intensely cycled for 5 min. The status of health was determined by measuring the sedimentation rate and the intensity of exercises by measuring the heart rate. Blood samples were collected before and after exercise. RESULTS: We observed that in the first group a significant increase of the total white blood cells, segmented neutrophils, band neutrophils, eosinophils and to a lesser extent lymphocytes but not monocytes in the blood circulation. However, all cell types were increased in the circulation after 5 min intense exercise. No differences in the pattern of cell increase were observed among the genders. Activated partial thromboplastin time(APTT) and D-dimer were also measured in the blood of individuals who cycled intensely for 5 min to determine the coagulation and fibrinolytic activities in the blood. APTT is reduced and D-dimer values significantly increased after intense exercise. However, APTT was statistically lower in males than females, whereas no differences in the D-dimer values were observed among the genders. CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that exercise whether leisure or strenuous affects leukocytosis and hemostasis in both genders. A major advantage of this study is the high numbers of individuals involved and the inclusion of both females and males values.

关键词： Exercise Leukocytosis Activated partial thromboplastin time D-dimer

A Novel Approach to Ethanol Fuel Production using Rotary Collection of Forest Debris

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Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering(B) 2013年第10期2卷 614-620页

作者： marian Nicte Zappala Rajab Abujnah Cesar Luna Russell Robert Chianelli Environmental Science and Engineering Program University of Texas at El Paso El Paso 79968 USA Department of Chemistry University of Texas at El Paso El Paso 79968 USA

In this article, the authors propose the production of ethanol from cellulose as an alternative to oil. Cellulosic-ethanol will reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and provide a means to prevent forest fires. This liquid dense fuel was selected because it：（1） easily transported and dispensed as a fuel; （2） can be handled by the existing fuel distribution infrastructure; and （3） unlike its commercial competitor, Me-OH （Methanol）, Et-OH （Ethanol）, is edible, thus being biodegradable and nontoxic. Forest residue ethanol is cheaper to produce and more environmentally friendly than other forms of ethanol fuel. Furthermore, forests would have less available ground fuel for fires. The potential decline of forest fires would then reduce the carbon footprint attributed directly to forest fires. In combination with ethanol fuel combustion, carbon emissions can be reduced by more than 70% compared to gasoline combustion. We used GREET （Greenhouse gases, Regulated Emissions, and Energy use in Transportation） software to assess the life cycles of different fuel pathways. In conclusion, cellulosic ethanol fuel is clearly an answer to decrease dependency on current oil imports and prevent forest fires.

关键词： Cellulosic ethanol fuel forest residue forest fires GREET software.

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弗兰克氏菌的G+C含量和DNA杂交

微生物学报 1992年第2期32卷 133-136页

作者：石彦林阮继生 Jolanta Zakrzewska-Czerwinska marian Mordarski 中国科学院微生物研究所北京100080 波兰科学院免疫和化疗研究所

对一些弗兰克氏菌的遗传和生理特性进行了研究。结果表明,7株菌可以分为3个基因群。从木麻黄(casuarina equisetifolia)分离的菌株可以划为一个基因群(与菌株 S-103的DNA 同源性在74%以上),这是国外尚未报道的新基因群。其他两株弗兰克... 详细信息

对一些弗兰克氏菌的遗传和生理特性进行了研究。结果表明,7株菌可以分为3个基因群。从木麻黄(casuarina equisetifolia)分离的菌株可以划为一个基因群(与菌株 S-103的DNA 同源性在74%以上),这是国外尚未报道的新基因群。其他两株弗兰克氏菌菌株 Arl4(从赤杨根瘤分离)和 PtI1(从 Purshia 根瘤分离)分别形成另外两个基因群,这与 An 的报道一致。7株弗兰克氏菌 DNA 的 G+c mol%在69—73。S-103基因群菌株不利用糖类,仅利用简单的有机酸盐。而菌株 Arl4和 PtI1则利用一些糖和有机酸盐作为碳源。

关键词：弗兰克氏菌 DNA同源性