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Overview of current detection methods and microRNA potential in Clostridioides difficile infection screening

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2023年第22期29卷 3385-3399页

作者： Marco Bocchetti maria grazia ferraro Federica Melisi Piera Grisolia marianna Scrima Alessia maria Cossu Tung On Yau Department of Precision Medicine University of Campania“Luigi Vanvitelli”Naples 80138Italy Department of Molecular Oncology Precision Medicine Laboratory and COVID19 LaboratoryBiogem ScarlAriano Irpino 83031Italy School of Infection and Immunity College of Medical Veterinary and Life SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgow G128QQUnited Kingdom Department of Pharmacy School of Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of Naples“Federico Ⅱ”Naples 80131Italy School of Science and Technology Nottingham Trent UniversityNottingham NG118NSUnited Kingdom Department of Rural Land Use Scotland’s Rural CollegeAberdeen AB219YAScotlandUnited Kingdom Department of Health Science University of the PeoplePasadenaCA 9110112United States

Clostridioides difficile(formerly called Clostridium difficile,***)infection(CDI)is listed as an urgent threat on the 2019 antibiotic resistance threats report in the United States by the Centers for Disease Control and *** detection and appropriate disease management appear to be ***,although the majority of cases are hospital-acquired CDI,community-acquired CDI cases are also on the rise,and this vulnerability is not limited to immunocompromised *** treatments and/or gastrointestinal tract surgeries may be required for patients diagnosed with digestive *** treatments could suppress or interfere with the patient’s immune system and disrupt gut flora homeostasis,creating a suitable microecosystem for *** ***,stool-based non-invasive screening is the first-line approach to CDI diagnosis,but the accuracy is varied due to different clinical microbiology detection methods;therefore,improving reliability is clearly *** this review,we briefly summarised the life cycle and toxicity of ***,and we examined existing diagnostic approaches with an emphasis on novel biomarkers such as *** biomarkers can be easily detected through noninvasive liquid biopsy and can yield crucial information about ongoing pathological phenomena,particularly in CDI.

关键词： Clostridioides difficile microRNA Diagnostic Prognostic Biomarker

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Primary carbohydrate metabolism genes participate in heat-stress memory at the shoot apical meristem of Arabidopsis thaliana

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Molecular Plant 2024年第4期17卷 676-676页

作者： Justyna Jadwiga Olas Federico Apelt maria grazia Annunziata Sheeba John Sarah Isabel Richard Saurabh Gupta Friedrich Kragler Salma Balazadeh Bernd Mueller-Roeber 不详

(Molecular Plant 14,1508-1524,September 62021)After the original publication of the above article,attentive readers identified errors in Figure 4H that needed correction as *** 4H contained the erroneous labels“10 DAP(7 DAT),”which should have each read,“7 DAP(4 DAT).”To avoid any confusion and ensure consistency across our figures,we modified some of the Col-0 images in a corrected version of Figure 4H below to resemble the exact same Col-0 images as in Figure *** details of the changes are as follows:rotation(Col-0 Primed,all timepoints;Col-0 Triggered,3 DAP and 5 DAP;Col-0 Primed/triggered,3 DAP and 5 DAP),replacement(Col-0 Triggered,7 DAP),and different cropping(Col-0 Primed/triggered,7 DAP).

关键词： Figure metabolism Prime

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Ex vivo models of retinal neurovascular diseases

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Annals of Eye Science 2022年第2期7卷 1-7页

作者： maria grazia Rossino Department of Biology University of PisaPisaItaly

Background:The ex vivo model represented by mouse retinal explants in culture is a useful experimental model to investigate the molecular mechanism involved in neurovascular diseases such as diabetic retinopathy(DR).It ensures an experimental overview with more complete respect to isolate cells and reduce problems in terms of accessibility and management with respect to in vivo *** particular,it allows the evaluation of the relationship between retinal cells in response to the typical stressors involved in DR ***:Ex vivo retinal fragments derived from 3-to 5-week-old C57BL/6J *** particular,after dissection,the retina is cut into 4 separate fragments and transferred onto inserts placed with ganglion cells *** in culture,the explants could be treated in stress conditions typical of *** particular,this study protocol describes the procedure for the preparation and the culture of retinal explants with specific metabolic stressors such as high glucose(HG),advanced glycation end product(AGE),and oxidative stress(OS).In the end,this paper provides the protocols to perform molecular analyses in order to evaluate the response of retinal explants to stress and/or neuroprotective ***:The cultured retinal explants represent an ex vivo experimental model to investigate the molecular mechanisms involved in neurovascular diseases such as ***,they could be useful to test the effect of neuroprotective compounds in response to metabolic stressors in a fewer time respect to an in vivo *** conclusion,retinal explants in culture represent a valuable experimental model to conduct further studies to better understand the pathophysiology of DR.

关键词： Retinal explants diabetic retinopathy(DR) neurovascular diseases

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Emerging actionable targets to treat therapyresistant colorectal cancers

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Cancer Drug Resistance 2022年第1期5卷 36-63页

作者： Emanuela Grassilli maria grazia Cerrito Department of Medicine and Surgery University of Milano-BicoccaMonza 20900Italy

In the last two decades major improvements have been reached in the early diagnosis of colorectal cancer(CRC)and,besides chemotherapy,an ampler choice of therapeutic approaches is now available,including targeted and *** that,CRC remains a“big killer”mainly due to the development of resistance to therapies,especially when the disease is diagnosed after it is already *** the same time,our knowledge of the mechanisms underlying resistance has been rapidly expanding which allows the development of novel therapeutic options in order to overcome *** far as resistance to chemotherapy is concerned,several contributors have been identified such as:intake/efflux systems upregulation;alterations in the DNA damage response,due to defect in the DNA checkpoint and repair systems;dysregulation of the expression of apoptotic/anti-apoptotic members of the BCL2 family;overexpression of oncogenic kinases;the presence of cancer stem cells;and the composition of the tumoral microenvironment and that of the gut ***,several mechanisms are also involved in the resistance to targeted and/or *** example,overexpression and/or hyperactivation and/or amplification of oncogenic kinases can sustain resistance to targeted therapy whereas the composition of the gut microbiota,as well as that of the tumoral niche,and defects in DNA repair systems are crucial for determining the response to *** this review we will make an overview of the main resistance mechanisms identified so far and of the new therapeutic approaches to overcome it.

关键词： Colorectal cancer resistance chemotherapy target therapy EGFR ERBB2 MET BRAF kinase inhibitors immune checkpoint inhibitors gut microbiota

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Loss of HER2 in breast cancer: biological mechanisms and technical pitfalls

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Cancer Drug Resistance 2022年第4期5卷 971-980页

作者： Stefania Morganti Mariia Ivanova Emanuela ferraro Liliana Ascione grazia Vivanet Giuseppina Bonizzi Giuseppe Curigliano Nicola Fusco Carmen Criscitiello Division of Early Drug Development for Innovative Therapies IEOEuropean Institute of Oncology IRCCSMilan 20144Italy Department of Oncology and Haemato-Oncology University of MilanoMilan 20122Italy Breast Oncology Center Dana-Farber Cancer InstituteBostonMA 02215USAHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA 02215USA Biobank for Translational and Digital Medicine Unit IEOEuropean Institute of Oncology IRCCSMilan 20144Italy Division of Pathology IEOEuropean Institute of Oncology IRCCSMilan 20144Italy Breast Medicine Service Department of MedicineMemorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkNY 10065USA.

Loss of HER2 in previously HER2-positive breast tumors is not rare, occurring in up to 50% of breast cancers;however, clinical research and practice underestimate this issue. Many studies have reported the loss of HER2 afterneoadjuvant therapy and at metastatic relapse and identified clinicopathological variables more frequentlyassociated with this event. Nevertheless, the biological mechanisms underlying HER2 loss are still poorlyunderstood. HER2 downregulation, intratumoral heterogeneity, clonal selection, and true subtype switch have beensuggested as potential causes of HER2 loss, but translational studies specifically investigating the biology behindHER2 loss are virtually absent. On the other side, technical pitfalls may justify HER2 loss in some of these *** best treatment strategy for patients with HER2 loss is currently unknown. Considering the prevalence of thisphenomenon and its apparent correlation with worse outcomes, we believe that correlative studies specificallyaddressing HER2 loss are warranted.

关键词： HER2 loss breast cancer subtype switch tumor heterogeneity clonal selection HER2 downregulation technical pitfalls

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Percutaneous insertion of a novel dedicated metal stent to treat malignant hilar biliary obstruction

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2022年第9期14卷 1833-1843页

作者： Francesco Cortese Fabrizio Acquafredda Andrea Mardighian maria Teresa Zurlo Valentina ferraro Riccardo Memeo Stavros Spiliopoulos Riccardo Inchingolo Interventional Radiology Unit Miulli HospitalAcquaviva Delle Fonti 70124Italy Unit of Hepatobiliary Surgery Miulli hospitalAcquaviva Delle Fonti 70124Italy 2nd Radiology Department National and Kapodistrian University of AthensChaidari Athens 12461Greece

BACKGROUND Percutaneous bilateral biliary stenting is an established method for the management of unresectable malignant hilar biliary *** To evaluate the efficacy and safety of a novel uncovered biliary stent, specifically designed for hilar *** This, single-center, retrospective study included 18 patients(mean age 71 ± 11 years;61.1% male) undergoing percutaneous transhepatic Moving cell stent(MCS) placement for hilar reconstruction using the stent-in-stent technique for malignant biliary strictures, between November 2020 and July 2021. The Patients were diagnosed with cholangiocarcinoma(12/18;66.6%), gallbladder cancer(5/18;27.7%), and colorectal liver metastasis(1/18;5.5%). Primary endpoints were technical(appropriate stent placement) and clinical(relief from jaundice) success. Secondary endpoints included stent patency, overall survival, complication rates and stent-related *** The technical and clinical success rates were 100%(18/18 cases). According to Kaplan-Meier analysis, the estimated overall patient survival was 80.5% and 60.4% at 6 and 12 mo respectively, while stent patency was 90.9% and 68.2% at 6 mo and 12 mo respectively. The mean stent patency was 172.53 ± 56.20 d and median stent patency was 165 d(range 83-315). Laboratory tests for cholestasis significantly improved after procedure: mean total bilirubin decreased from 15.2 ± 6.0 mg/d L to 1.3 ± 0.4 mg/d L(P < 0.001);mean γGT decreased from 1389 ± 832 U/L to 114.6 ± 53.5 U/L(P < 0.001). One periprocedural complication was reported. Stent-related complications were observed in 5 patients(27.7%), including 1 occlusion(5.5%) and 1 stent migration(5.5 %).CONCLUSION Percutaneous hilar bifurcation biliary stenting with the MCS resulted in excellent clinical and technical success rates, with acceptable complication rates. Further studies are needed to confirm these initial positive results.

关键词： Malignant hilar biliary obstructions Hilar cholangiocarcinoma Self-expandable metallic stent Stent-in-stent technique Percutaneous approach Bilateral Y-stenting

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Specific contribution of mannose-binding lectin murine isoforms to brain ischemia/reperfusion injury

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2020年第3期17卷 218-226页

作者： Laura Neglia Marco Oggioni Domenico Mercurio maria-grazia De Simoni Stefano Fumagalli1 Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS Department of NeuroscienceMilanItaly

Mannose-binding lectin(MBL),an initiator of the lectin pathway(LP)of complement activation,is detrimental in ischemic stroke,as shown in clinical studies and rodent *** humans have one functional MBL protein,rodents have two isoforms,MBL-A and MBL-C,whose functions relative to that of human MBL are *** permit the clinical translation of preclinical data,we aimed to define the specific contributions of MBL-A and MBL-C to brain *** subjected mice with double(MBL^(−/−))or single(MBL-A^(−/−)or MBL-C^(−/−))MBL isoform depletion to transient middle cerebral artery occlusion(tMCAo).MBL^(−/−) mice had fewer neurological deficits and smaller ischemic lesions than WT ***-A^(−/−) mice had smaller lesions than WT mice and exhibited no significant behavioral defects,whereas MBL-C^(−/−) mice did not differ from WT *** induction of Mbl1 and Mbl2(the MBL-A and MBL-C genes)expression 48 h after tMCAo was similar across *** time course of Mbl1 and Mbl2 expression in WT ischemic mice showed that Mbl1 activation occurred earlier(24 h)than Mbl2 activation(48 h).The plasma levels of MBL-A and MBL-C in MBL-C^(−/−) and MBL-A^(−/−) mice,respectively,were similar to those in WT mice both at baseline and at 48 h after *** 48 h,MBL-A^(−/−)ischemic mice showed higher MBL-C levels in the brain than WT *** and MBL-C^(−/−) ischemic mice had higher LP activity in plasma and,accordingly,higher levels of C3 deposition in the brain than MBL-A^(−/−) and MBL^(−/−) *** conclusion,mice with depletion of both MBL isoforms exhibited strong protection from ischemia/reperfusion ***-A was the main contributor to injury,likely owing to its earlier activation after ischemia and more efficient activation of the complement system than MBL-C.

关键词： injury depletion likely

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Nanofibrous polypeptide hydrogels with collagen-like structure as biomimetic extracellular matrix

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Collagen and Leather 2023年第2期5卷 81-93页

作者： Chengkun Zhao Xing Li Shaoquan Bian Weinan Zeng Alfredo Ronca Ugo D'Amora maria grazia Raucci Jie Liang Yong Sun Qing Jiang Yujiang Fan Luigi Ambrosio Xingdong Zhang National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials Sichuan University29#Wangjiang RoadChengdu 610064People's Republic of China College of Biomedical Engineering Sichuan University29#Wangjiang RoadChengdu 610064People's Republic of China Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of SciencesShenzhen 518055People's Republic of China Orthopedic Research Institution Department of OrthopedicsWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu 610041People's Republic of China Institute of Polymers Composites and BiomaterialsNational Research Council80125 NaplesItaly

Supramolecular peptides exhibit obvious similarities with collagen fibers in terms of self-assembly characteristics,nanofibrous structure,and responsiveness to external ***,a series of supramolecular peptides were developed by altering the amino acid sequence,enabling the self-assembly of three types of 4-biphenylacetic acid(BPAA)-tripeptides into fibrous hydrogel through hydrogen bonding and n-n stacking under the influence of ion *** electron and scanning electron microscopies revealed that the diameter of the fiber within nanofibrous hydrogels was~10 and~40 nm,respectively,which was similar with the self-assembled collagen *** this reason,these hydrogels could be considered as a biomimetic extracellular ***,the gelation concentration induced by ions was even lower than 0.66 wt%,with an elastic modulus of~0.27 kPa,corresponding to a water content of 99.34 wt%.In addition,the three supramolecular hydrogels were found to be good substrates for L929 cell adhesion and MC-3T3 cell *** overall results implied that BPAA-based hydrogels have a lucrative application potential as cell carriers.

关键词： Collagen-like Supramolecular peptides Nanofibrous hydrogel Ion-induction Biomimetic extracellular matrix

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Thermal Radiation Modelling in Tunnel Fires

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Advances in Applied Mathematics and Mechanics 2011年第3期3卷 327-353页

作者： Paolo Ciambelli maria grazia Meo Paola Russo Salvatore Vaccaro Department of Industrial Engineering University of Salernovia Ponte don Melillo 84084 Fisciano(SA)Italy

Modelling based on Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD)is by now effectively used in fire research and hazard *** on the scenario,radiative heat transfer can play a very important role in enclosure combustion events such as tunnel *** this work,the importance of radiation and the effect of the use of different approaches to account for it were ***,small-scale tunnel fire simulations were performed and the results compared with experimental data,then realistic full-scale scenarios were *** results show up the capability of CFD modelling to reproduce with good approximation tunnel *** proved to be noteworthy mainly when the scale of the fire is relatively *** the various approaches employed to simulate radiation,the use of the Discrete Transfer model gave the most accurate results,mainly when the absorption-emission characteristics of the combustion products were taken into ***,the suitability of the use of CFD in quantitative Fire Hazard Analysis is discussed.

关键词： CFD radiation modelling fire hazard analysis tunnel fires

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pFTAA: a high affinity oligothiophene probe that detects filamentous tau in vivo and in cultured neurons

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Neural Regeneration Research 2015年第11期10卷 1746-1747页

作者： Jack Brelstaff maria grazia Spillantini Aviva M.Tolkovsky Department of Clinical Neurosciences The Clifford Allbutt Building University of Cambridge

Tauopathies describe a group of neurodegenerative diseases in which the protein tau,encoded by the gene MAPT,is aberrantly misfolded,leading to tau aggregation,neural dysfunction,and cell death（Spillantini and Goedert,2013）.In Alzheimer＇s disease（AD）,tau forms the characteristic intracellular neurofibrillary tangles（NFTs）,which are thought to be the major cause of neurodegeneration（Bloom,2014）.In other tauopathies,including frontotemporal dementia with Parkinsonism linked to chromo- some 17 （FTDP-17T）, corticobasal degeneration and progressive supranuclear palsy, there are specific forms of tau aggregates and filaments without any amyloid pathology, demonstrating tau＇s po- tent disease-causing potential （Spillantini and Goedert, 2013）. Tau is a microtubule （MT） binding protein, which becomes abnormally hyperphosphorylated on several residues prior/during the process of aggregation, thereby causing loss of its MT binding activity （Mandelkow and Mandelkow, 2012）.

关键词： pFTAA a high affinity oligothiophene probe that detects filamentous tau in vivo and in cultured neurons high

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