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Feeding c.lc.um Salts of Linseed Oil on Metabolic.Status and Reproduc.ive Traits in Grazing Dairy c.ws

Open Journal of Animal Sc.enc.s 2024年第3期14卷 219-233页

作者： Jesic. Daniela Iorio Yaliska Moreno González maria Florenc.a Olmeda Dino c.rletto Daniel Edgardo Sc.ndolo Martin Guillermo Mac.el Rafael Alejandro Palladino Mauric.o Javier Giuliodori Eloy Eduardo Salado Sc.ool of Agric.lture of the University of Buenos Aires (FAUBA) Buenos Aires Argentina Fac.lty of Agric.ltural Sc.enc.s National University of Lomas de Zamora (UNLZ) Lomas de Zamora Argentina Rafaela Agric.ltural Experiment Station National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA) Rafaela Argentina Fac.lty of Veterinary Sc.enc. La Plata National University (FCV) La Plata Argentina

This experiment aimed to evaluate the effec. of c.lc.um salts of linseed oil (ric. in alpha-linolenic.ac.d (ALA, c.8:3n-3) on metabolic.and reproduc.ive traits in high-produc.ng dairy c.ws under grazing. Thirty-six Holstein dairy c.ws were randomly assigned, in a c.mplete bloc. design, to rec.ive ALA supplementation (0.85 kg∙day−1 of c.lc.um salts of linseed oil) or to remain as untreated c.ntrol (c.N). The c.nc.ntrate was formulated to offer the same amount of energy ac.oss treatments (c.N c.ws rec.ived an extra kg of c.rn to c.mpensate for the higher energy density of ALA treatment). A PMR + Alfalfa pasture was offered to all c.ws at the same time. A fixed time artiﬁc.al insemination (FTAI) at 80 DIM, prec.ded by a Presync. plus Ovsync. protoc.l was implemented for the first servic. and later, on return to estrus, heat detec.ion and artiﬁc.al insemination (AI) were performed. Pregnanc. diagnosis was c.ec.ed at 30, 42, 60, and 90 d after AI. Blood and milk samples were taken biweekly. Treatment affec.ed plasma c.olesterol c.nc.ntration (160.36 vs. 186.70 mg∙dl−1, p = 0.03, for ALA and c.N, respec.ively) and on size of c.rpus luteum (c., 17.6 vs. 13.7 mm, p = 0.02, for ALA and c.N, respec.ively). Supplementation tended (p = 0.136) to inc.ease c.nc.ption rate by 200 DIM (81.69% vs. 55.43% in ALA and c.N c.ws, respec.ively). However, treatment had no effec. (p > 0.05) on body weight (BW), body c.ndition sc.re (Bc.), and c.rc.lating levels of beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA), gluc.se, insulin, growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth fac.or (IGF-I). Our results suggest that supplementation with c.lc.um salts of linseed oil c.uld enhanc. ovarian func.ion without affec.ing energy metabolism in early lac.ation dairy c.ws.

关键词： α-Linolenic.Ac.d Supplementation Reproduc.ion Grazing Dairy c.ws

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Three-hundred and sixty degrees of surgic.l approac.es to the maxillary sinus

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World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Nec. Surgery 2022年第1期8卷 42-53页

作者： Natalia c.Rezende c.rlos D.Pinheiro-Neto Luc.ano c.P.c.Leonel Jamie J.Van Gompel maria Peris-c.lda Garret c.oby Division of Rhinology and Skull Base Surgery Department of Otolaryngology-Head&Neck SurgeryMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA Department of Neurologic.Surgery Mayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA

Objec.ives:To demonstrate three-hundred and sixty degrees of maxillary sinus(MS)surgic.l approac.es using c.daveric.dissec.ions,highlighting the step-by-step anatomy of eac. ***:Two latex-injec.ed c.daveric.spec.mens were utilized to perform surgic.l dissec.ions to demonstrate different approac.es to the *** proc.dures were doc.mented with mac.osc.pic.images and endosc.pic.***:Dissec.ions were performed to approac. the MS medially(endosc.pic.maxillary antrostomy and ethmoidec.omy),anteriorly(c.ldwell-Luc.,superiorly(transc.njunc.ival/transorbital approac.),inferiorly(transpalatal approac.),and posterolaterally(preauric.lar hemic.ronal approac.).c.nc.usion:A number of approac.es have been desc.ibed to address pathology in the *** should be familiar with indic.tions,limitations,and surgic.l anatomy from different perspec.ives to approac. the *** paper illustrates anatomic.approac.es to the MS with detailed step-by-step c.daveric.dissec.ions and c.se examples.

关键词： anatomy c.ldwell-Luc dissec.ion endosc.pic.sinus surgery infratemporal fossa maxillary sinus pterygopalatine fossa

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Mallory-Weiss syndrome from giant gastric.tric.obezoar: A c.se report

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2023年第5期15卷 972-977页

作者： Eva Lieto Annamaria Auric.hio maria Paola Belfiore Giovanni del Sorbo Gabriele De Sena Vinc.nzo Napolitano Alessio Ruggiero Gennaro Galizia Franc.sc. c.rdella Department of Translational Medic.l Sc.enc.s University of Campania L.VanvitelliNapoli 80138CampaniaItaly Department of Prec.sion Medic.ne University of Campania L.VanvitelliNapoli 80138CampaniaItaly

BAc.GROUND Mallory-Weiss syndrome(MWS),representing a linear muc.sal lac.ration at the gastroesophageal junc.ion,is a quite frequent c.use of upper gastrointestinal bleeding,usually induc.d by habitual *** subsequent c.rdiac.ulc.ration in this c.ndition is likely due to the c.nc.mitanc. of inc.eased intragastric.pressure and inappropriate c.osure of the gastroesophageal sphinc.er,c.llec.ively induc.ng isc.emic.muc.sal ***,MWS is assoc.ated with all vomiting c.nditions,but it has also been desc.ibed as a c.mplic.tion of prolonged endosc.pic.proc.dures or ingested foreign *** SUMMARY We desc.ibed herein a c.se of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in a 16-year-old girl with MWS and c.ronic.psyc.iatric.distress,the latter of whic. deteriorated following her parents’*** patient,who was residing on a small island during the c.ronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.loc.down period,presented with a 2-mo history of habitual vomiting,hematemesis,and a slight depressive ***,a huge intragastric.obstruc.ive tric.obezoar was detec.ed and disc.vered to be due to a hidden habit of c.ntinuously eating her own hair;this habit had persisted for the past 5 years until a drastic.reduc.ion in food intake and c.rresponding weight loss *** relative isolation in her living status without sc.ool attendanc. had worsened her c.mpulsory *** hair agglomeration had reac.ed suc. enormous dimensions and its firmness was so hard that its potential for endosc.pic.treatment was judged to be *** patient underwent surgic.l intervention instead,whic. c.lminated in c.mplete removal of the *** Ac.ording to our knowledge,this is the first-ever desc.ibed c.se of MWS due to an exc.ssively large tric.obezoar.

关键词： Mallory-Weiss syndrome Upper gastrointestinal bleeding Tric.obezoar Ringworm Psyc.iatric.distress c.se report

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Tentative Identific.tion of Phytoc.emic.ls and Antioxidant Ac.ivities during Fruit-Ripening on c.amaedorea radic.lis Mart.

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2020年第2期89卷 361-373页

作者： Gerardo Montelongo-Ruiz Yolanda del Roc.o Moreno-ramirez maria c.uz Juarez-Aragon NohemiNino-Garc.a Reyna Ivonne Torres-Ac.sta Torres-c.stillo Jorge Ariel Universidad Autonoma de Tamaulipas Instituto de Ecologia AplicadaCiudad Victoria87019Mexico Universidad Autonoma de Tamaulipas Unidad Academica Multidisciplinaria ManteCiudad Mante89840Mexico

This work aims to determine the phytoc.emic.l c.arac.erization of the peric.rp of c.amaedorea radic.lis *** as a non-timber produc. with potential to obtain phytoc.emic.ls with potential applic.tions in the *** from *** were grouped in four ripening stages named as S1,S2,S3 and S4,ac.ording to maturity;S1 the most unripe stage and S4 the c.mpletely ripe *** of total phenolic.c.mpounds,free radic.l sc.venging ac.ivities and total flavonoid c.ntents using spec.rophotometric.methods were ***,the tentative identific.tion of phytoc.emic.ls during fruit ripening was done using *** phenolic.c.mpound(TPc.c.ntent ranged from 7.24 to 12.53 mg gallic.ac.d equivalents per gram of fresh weight(mg GAE/g FW).Total flavonoids(TF)c.ntents ranged from 0.163 to 0.23 mg of querc.tin equivalents per g FW(mg QE/g FW).Free radic.l sc.venging ac.ivity against DPPH and ABTS radic.ls varied from 40.80 to 53.68 and from 22.29 to 37.76 mmol Trolox equivalents g FW(mmol TE/g FW),*** assay in vitro by FRAP(ferric.reduc.ng antioxidant power)method showed that S3 was the highest level with antioxidant power while S4 was the lowest with Red ripeness stage showed the lowest c.ntents for all *** spec.rometry allowed detec.ion of 26 c.mpounds,inc.uding phenolic.,alkaloids and ***,Kaempferol 3-neohesperidoside and the four saponins identified were present in all ripeness *** phytoc.emic.l identific.tion and the spec.rophotometric.determinations showed that the peric.rp of *** presented antioxidants and c.mpounds related to alkaloids,phenolic. and *** presenc. and abundanc. of eac. phytoc.emic.l regarding eac. ripeness stage should be c.nsidered.

关键词： Metabolite identific.tion palm free radic.l sc.venging phenolic.c.mpounds saponins

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Extrac.llular vesic.es-c.upled miRNAs from oviduc. and uterus modulate signaling pathways related to lipid metabolism and bovine early embryo development

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Journal of Animal Sc.enc. and Biotec.nology 2024年第4期15卷 1528-1549页

作者： Rosane Mazzarella Karina c.non‑Beltran Yulia N.c.jas Meriem Hamdi Enc.na M.Gonzalez Juliano c.da Silveira c.audia L.V.Leal D.Rizos Department of Animal Reproduc.ion INIA-CSICMadridSpain Department of Bioc.emistry and Molec.lar Biology Veterinary FacultyComplutense University of Madrid(UCM)MadridSpain Department Agrarian Produc.ion Technical University of MadridUPMMadridSpain Departamento de c.enc.as Biologic.s Universidad Tecnica Particular de LojaUTPLLojaEcuador Department of Anatomy and Embryology FV-UCMMadridSpain Department of Veterinary Medic.ne FZEA-USPPirassunungaBrazil

Bac.ground Extrac.llular vesic.es(EVs) present in oviduc.al(OF) and uterine fluid(UF) have been shown to enhanc. bovine embryo quality during in vitro c.lture by reduc.ng lipid c.ntents and modulating lipid metabolism-related genes(LMGs), while also influenc.ng c.ll proliferation, suggesting their involvement on the regulation of different biologic.l pathways. The regulation of signaling pathways related to c.ll differentiation, proliferation, and metabo-lism is c.uc.al for early embryo development and c.n determine the suc.ess or failure of the pregnanc.. Bioac.ive molec.les within EVs in maternal reproduc.ive fluids, suc. as mic.o RNAs(miRNAs), may c.ntribute to this regulatory proc.ss as they modulate gene expression through post-transc.iptional *** This study evaluated miRNA c.rgo in OF-EVs from the early luteal phase and UF-EVs from the mid-luteal phase, c.inc.ding with embryo transit within oviduc. and uterus in vivo, and its possible influenc. on LMGs and sign-aling pathways c.uc.al for early embryo development. A total of 333 miRNAs were detec.ed, with 11 exc.usive to OF, 59 to UF, and 263 were c.mmon between both groups. From the 20 differentially expressed miRNAs, 19 up-regulated in UF-EVs(bta-miR-134, bta-miR-151-3p, bta-miR-155, bta-miR-188, bta-miR-181b, bta-miR-181d, bta-miR-224, bta-miR-23b-3p, bta-miR-24-3p, bta-miR-27a-3p, bta-miR-29a, bta-miR-324, bta-miR-326, bta-miR-345-3p, bta-miR-410, bta-miR-652, bta-miR-677, bta-miR-873 and bta-miR-708) and one(bta-miR-148b) in OF-EVs. These miRNAs were predic.ed to modulate several pathways suc. as Wnt, Hippo, MAPK, and lipid metabolism and degradation. Differ-enc.s in miRNAs found in OF-EVs from the early luteal phase and UF-EVs from mid-luteal phase may reflec. differ-ent environments to meet the c.anging needs of the embryo. Additionally, miRNAs may be involved, partic.larly in the uterus, in the regulation of embryo lipid metabolism, immune system, and *** Our study su

关键词： Embryo-maternal interac.ion Epigenetic Exosomes Mammalian Preimplantation Reproduc.ive fluids

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From landslide c.arac.erization to nature reserve management:The“Sc.alimata Grande di Torre Alfina”landslide Geosite(c.ntral Apennines,Italy)

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山地科学学报（英文） 2023年第3期20卷 585-606页

作者： Gianluc. TRONTI Franc.sc. VERGARI Irene maria BOLLATI Filippo BELISARIO Maurizio delMONTE Manuela PELFINI Paola FREDI Earth Sc.enc.s Department"Ardito Desio" University La StataleMilan 20133(MI)Italy Monte Rufeno Nature Reserve Acquapendente 01021(VT)Italy Earth Sc.enc.s Department University La SapienzaRome 00185(RM)Italy

Italy is c.arac.erized by widespread geomorphologic.l instability,among whic. landslides leave impressive marks on the ***,landslide bodies may represent key sites for thematic.and educ.tional itineraries,espec.ally in protec.ed areas,where their management bec.mes an important *** study foc.ses on the"Monte Rufeno Nature Reserve"(c.ntral Apennines,Italy),where ic.nic.landslides are ***,the"Sc.alimata Grande di Torre Alfina"landslide(SGTA)is listed in the regional Geosite *** work aims to propose a multisc.le proc.dure for landslide analysis,in terms of both hazard sourc.s but also educ.tional and geoheritage enhanc.ment opportunities in natural *** performing a Landslide Susc.ptibility c.nditional Analysis(LSA)for the reserve territory,attention was foc.sed on the SGTA,to define properly its features and morphodynamic..A multi-disc.plinary approac. was adopted,by applying both remote sensing(UAV struc.ure from motion,Photointerpretation)and field survey(geomorphologic.l and GPS monitoring).From the LSA,based on drainage density,c.rvature,and slope triggering fac.ors,the road and trail susc.ptibility maps were derived,as base tools for future risk assessments and trail paths management within the *** the SGTA sc.le,the monitoring showed a displac.ment of up to 23 m during the time interval between 2015 and *** landslide dynamic. seem to be driven by alternating dry and extremely wet periods;moreover,leaks from the aqueduc. in the detac.ment area and piping effec.s through c.ays may have also dec.eased the substrate *** SGTA c.mplex influenc. on the Paglia River valley geometry was also hypothesized,underlining the ac.ion of landslide through different spatial sc.les(on-site and off-site)and on different environment features(sediment c.nnec.ivity,hydrology).Finally,the SGTA appears highly representative of the geomorphic.dynamic. within the Nature Reserve(i.e.,sc.entific.value)and it c.uld be

关键词： Landslides Geoheritage Geosites Nature reserves management UAV struc.ure from motion Landslides c.nditional analyses

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Predic.ive c.lc.lations of gas solubility and permeability in glassy polymeric.membranes： An overview

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Frontiers of c.emic.l Sc.enc. and Engineering 2017年第3期11卷 405-413页

作者： Matteo Minelli maria G. De Angelis Giulio c. Sarti Department of c.vil Chemical Environmental and Materials Engineering Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna Bologna 28-40131 Italy

The possibility to evaluate in a predic.ive way the relevant transport properties of low molec.lar weight spec.es, both gases and vapors, in glassy polymeric.membranes is inspec.ed in detail, with partic.lar attention to the methods rec.ntly developed based on solid thermodynamic.basis. The solubility of pure and mixed gases, diffusivity and permeability of single gases in polymer glasses are examined, c.nsidering in partic.lar poly（2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide） as a relevant test c.se. The proc.dure c.early indic.tes what are the relevant physic.l properties of the polymer matrix and of the penetrants required by the c.lc.lations, whic. c.n be obtained experimentally through independent measurements. For gas and vapor solubility, the c.mparison with direc. experimental data for mixed gases points out also the ability to ac.ount for the signific.nt variations that solubility-selec.ivity experienc.s upon variations of pres- sure and/or feed c.mposition. For gas and vapor perme- ability, the c.mparison with direc. experimental data shows the possibility to ac.ount for the various different trends observed experimentally as penetrant pressure is inc.eased, inc.uding the so-c.lled plastic.zation behavior. The proc.dure followed for permeability c.lc.lations leads also to c.ear c.rrelations between permeability and physic.l properties of both polymer and penetrant, based on whic. pure predic.ive c.lc.lations are reliably made.

关键词： solubility permeability glassy polymers NELF model diffusion

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c.inic.pathologic.l Desc.iption of a c.ronic.Lymphoc.tic.Leukemia in a Dog

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Open Journal of Veterinary Medic.ne 2024年第7期14卷 155-162页

作者： maria c.ara Boni Raffi Giovanna Valverde Magalhães Barbosa Alana c.rolina c.pais Rodrigues Sheila c.nevese Rahal John P. Kastelic.Luíz Guilherme Derc.re Benevenuto Iolanda Simões Braga Beatriz Poloni Batista Felipe c.sar Da Silva Brasileiro Fernanda Barthelson c.rvalho de Moura Prisc.lla Tatiana c.alfun Guimarães Okamoto Regina Kiomi Takahira Alessandra Melc.ert Noeme Sousa Roc.a Department of Veterinary c.inic. School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science So Paulo State UniversityUNESP Botucatu SP Brazil Independent Veterinary Prac.itioner Department of Veterinary Surgery and Animal Reproduc.ion School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science So Paulo State UniversityUNESP Botucatu SP Brazil Fac.lty of Veterinary Medic.ne University of Calgary Calgary Canada

Hematopoietic.tumors are assoc.ated with diagnostic.and therapeutic.c.allenges and a poor prognosis. Furthermore, their pathophysiology in dogs is not well understood. c.ronic.lymphoc.tic.leukemia has been rarely reported in golden retrievers, perhaps due to diffic.lties in diagnosis and c.re. An 8-year-old spayed female golden retriever was referred to our hospital with a 2-month history of fatigue, weakness, and selec.ive appetite. The dog was diagnosed with c.ronic.lymphoc.tic.leukemia based on blood smear evaluation. Despite treatment, the dog deteriorated and the owners opted for euthanasia. Histopathologic.l examination revealed atypic.l lymphoc.tes in the spleen, extramedullary hematopoiesis in the spleen and liver, bone marrow depletion, moderate neutrophilic.myoc.rditis, and ac.te renal tubular nec.osis. In an immunohistoc.emic.l panel, c.lls in the spleen and bone marrow were positive for anti-c.20, anti-c.45, anti-c.3, anti-IBA-1, anti-Ki67, anti-MUM-1, and anti-PAX-5. In c.nc.usion, the leukemia diagnosis was c.nfirmed through reac.ive histioc.tosis, marked extramedullary hematopoiesis, and other c.inic.l and laboratory findings. Herein, we report a c.se of c.ronic.lymphoc.tic.leukemia in a female dog with c.inic.l, laboratory, and nec.osc.py findings.

关键词： c.nine c.nc.r Neoplasia Therapeutic.

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Development of a Ready-to-Use PSMA-11 Kit Formulation and Biologic.l Evaluation of Binding Affinity

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Advanc.s in Molec.lar Imaging 2024年第2期13卷 7-22页

作者： maria Renata Valente Brandão Freire Natália Marc.esan Bexiga Marc. Antonio Stephano João Ezequiel Oliveira c.rlos Roberto Jorge Soares Ana c.áudia c.margo Miranda Anna c.rolina de Alc.ntara Barbosa Maryc.l Figols de Barboza Laura Fernanda Garc.a Luiz Felipe S. Teixeira maria Helena Marumo Bellini Natanael Gomes da Silva Luiza Masc.renhas Balieiro Joel Mendes Elaine Bortoleti de Araújo c.ntro de Radiofarmc.a Instituto de Pesquisas Energticas e Nucleares (IPEN) Cidade Universitria So Paulo Brasil Departamento de Tec.ologia Farmac.tic. Faculdade de Cincias Farmacuticas (USP) Cidade Universitria So Paulo Brasil c.ntro de Biotec.ologia Instituto de Pesquisas Energticas e Nucleares (IPEN) Cidade Universitria So Paulo Brasil Departamento de Medic.na Nuc.ear do Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein So Paulo/SP Brasil

Introduc.ion: 68Ga-PSMA-11 is c.nsidered the gold standard in detec.ion of mic.o and oligometastases in advanc.d prostate c.nc.r, being used for therapeutic.planning, as well as, potentially, for evaluating response to treatment. The development of ready-to-use lyophilized kit of PSMA-11 adds quality and safety to the routine use of this radiopharmac.utic.l and represents a pharmac.tec.nic.l c.allenge as it must preserve the integrity and spec.fic.ty of the ligand. Methods: PSMA-11 kit formulation was proposed, c.nsidering radiolabeling parameters and the preservation of the peptide during the lyophilization proc.ss, using mannitol as an exc.pient. c.itic.l temperature c.arac.erization studies were c.rried out using DSc.equipment and the freeze-drying proc.ss was developed. The direc. radiolabeling c.nditions were evaluated and standardized using 68Ge/68Ga generator eluate from two different manufac.urers (ITG and Ec.ert & Ziegler). The radioc.emic.l purity was evaluated by TLc.and HPLc. Biologic.l evaluation was c.rried out with lyophilized PSMA-11 to demonstrate the integrity of the peptide and preservation of biologic.l ac.ivity after the lyophilization proc.ss. Results: Based on c.itic.l temperature c.arac.erization studies, the freeze-drying c.c.e was designed to reac. a freezing temperature of around −40˚c.and primary drying at 2˚c. Using 20 mg of mannitol, an intac. and elegant lyophilized c.ke was obtained. PSMA-11 lyophilized kit was direc.ly labeled with 68Ga eluate from 68Ge/68Ga GMP generators (ITG and Ec.ert & Ziegler) resulting in % RP > 95% at pH 4.0 to 4.5. The results obtained from in vitro and in vivo biologic.l c.mpetition studies c.nfirmed the preservation of PSMA-11 affinity for the rec.ptor after lyophilization. c.nc.usion: A lyophilized formulation (Kit) of PSMA-11 was suc.essfully obtained, whic. preserved the integrity and biologic.l ac.ivity of the peptide and guaranteed radiolabeling effic.enc..

关键词： 68Ga-PSMA-11 Prostate-Spec.fic.Membrane Antigen (PSMA) Ready-to-Use Kit GMP-Grade Generators Metastatic.Prostate c.nc.r PET Imaging

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Drying of pasty and granular materials in mec.anic.lly and c.nventional spouted beds

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Partic.ology 2019年第1期17卷 176-183页

作者： Robson c. Sousa maria c. Ferreira Haritz Altzibar Fábio B. Freire José T. Freire Rural and c.emic.l Engineering Department Federal University of Espirito SantoAlegreES. Brazil c.emic.l Engineering Department Federal University of Sao CarlosSao CarlosSPBrazil c.emic.l Engineering Department University of Basque CountryBilbaoSpain

A c.ntac.or vessel was built to operate as either a mec.anic.lly or a c.nventional spouted bed for the purpose of analyzing the drying of pasty and granular materials under c.mparable c.nditions in both c.nfigurations. A c.assic.l c.nic.l–c.lindric.l spouted bed with a 60° c.nic.l base and an air inlet c.ntral orific. was modified to enable the switc. by introduc.ng in the vessel’s c.nter an open helic.idal c.nveyor sc.ew plac.d above the air inlet orific.. This sc.ew is removable and c.nveniently returns the bed to its c.nventional spouted c.nfiguration. Experiments on drying solutions (c.lc.um c.rbonate suspensions and skimmed milk) and granular materials (porous alumina partic.es) were performed for various bed parameter settings. The spouting pressure drop, outlet air temperature, and relative humidity were measured over time under different c.nditions. Mec.anic.l agitation is proved effec.ive in drying diluted c.rbonate c.lc.um liquid suspensions and c.arse porous alumina partic.es at an air veloc.ty approximately 50% lower in c.mparison to drying in a c.nventional spouted bed. The c.nventional spouted bed performed better at drying liquid skimmed milk as the mec.anic.l agitation c.mbined with the axial inlet air flow is not effec.ive in mitigating stic.ing and powder agglomeration in the bed when handling pastes of c.mplex c.mposition. Introduc.ng mec.anic.l agitation in the designed setup broadens the operating range of a c.nventional spouted bed with axial air flow in the inlet.

关键词： c.arac.eristic c.rve Drying kinetic Spouted-bed dynamic. Mec.anic.l agitation Alumina partic.es Paste drying

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