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Use of infrared thermography to detect reactions to stressful events:does animal personality matter?

Integrative Zoology 2024年第2期19卷 224-239页

作者： maria vittoria MAZZAMUTO Marina MORANDINI William LAMPMAN Lucas Armand WAUTERS Damiano PREATONI John Lad KOPROWSKI Adriano MARTINOLI School of Natural Resources and Environment College of Agriculture and Life ScienceUniversity of ArizonaArizonaUSA Unitàdi Analisi e Gestione delle Risorse Ambientali Dipartimento di Scienze Teoriche e ApplicateGuido Tosi Research GroupUniversitàdegli Studi dell’InsubriaVareseItaly Haub School of Environment and Natural Resources University of WyomingWyomingUSA

The study of the relationship between animal stress and personality for free-ranging animals is limited and provides contrasting results.The perception of stressors by an individual may vary due to its personality,and certain personality traits may help individuals to better cope with them.Using non-invasive infrared thermography(IRT),we investigated the link between physiological and behavioral components expressed during an acute stress event by free-ranging Fremont’s squirrels(Tamiasciurus fremonti).We expected that,during the acute stress event of being approached by the researcher,individuals that showed a fast pace-of-life syndrome(bolder,more active,and less social/more aggressive)based on an arena test would exhibit stronger sympathetic-adrenal-medullary system reactivity showing a more intense stress-induced hyperthermia(high core body temperature and low peripheral temperature)than individuals with a slow pace of life(shy,less active,and more social).We successfully employed IRT technology to images of Fremont’s squirrels with identification of the individuals’body parts(eye,nose,ear,hind foot).However,we found no support for our hypothesis.Squirrels’body surface temperatures told us more about a squirrel’s external environment and less about the thermal state of the body in that environment following a stressful event.Further studies need to assess how to make IRT effective and efficient in the field and improve its performance in studying the relationships between physiology and personality in wildlife.

关键词： non-invasive method open field test physiology stress-induced hyperthermia Tamiasciurus fremonti

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Methodology and evidence from a case study in Rome to increase pedestrian safety along home-to-school routes

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Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering(English Edition) 2020年第5期7卷 715-727页

作者： maria vittoria corazza Daniela D'Alessandro Paola Di Mascio Laura Moretti Department of Civil Building and Environmental EngineeringSapienza University of RomeRome 00185Italy

Home-to-school routes are very sensitive areas: they represent, for children, a learning tool for their everyday activities, but if poorly designed, maintained and equipped they can expose them to traffic risks. Sidewalks' inappropriate level of service and poor maintenance, especially, are main factors contributing to walking unsuitability, thus to poor comfort and safety levels for young pedestrians, and more in general for all the vulnerable non-motorized road users. This paper deals with a methodology specifically developed to highlight the quality of the urban environment where the home-to-school routes are located, according to four main criteria: wellbeing, usage, appearance, and safety and security. Each criterion is associated with a checklist including the most relevant features to assess, with a focus on maintenance as a key parameter to create safe and comfortable routes to school. An application, a case study in Rome, where the lack of regular maintenance results into a network of unsafe sidewalks, is also presented, analyzing three different areas where a number of schools are located. Detours when approaching school premises were surveyed, due to the levels of distresses and linked to the poor comfort and safety levels. As the mutual influence of built environment over road safety and maintenance requirements for home-to-school paths is not largely investigated thus far, the paper's goal is to provide advanced knowledge for studies and applications further afield.

关键词： Traffic engineering Road safety Pedestrians Home-to-school routes Sidewalks

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Safety ranking definition for infrastructures with high PTW flow

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Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering(English Edition) 2018年第5期5卷 406-416页

作者： Antonella Ragnoli maria vittoria corazza Paola Di Mascio Department of Civil Building and Environmental Engineering Sapienza University of Rome

Powered two-wheelers （PTWs） provide a suitable mode for a large portion of population in many cities due to rider＇s personal convenience and the vehicle supposed easiness of manoeuvring. At the same time PTWs present serious safety issues compared to other motorized vehicles. This paper reports the main outcome of study carried out in Rome, where this mode is very popular and assesses the economic efforts to make infrastructure safer for PTWs. The methodology, extensively described in the paper, includes three steps： the accident analysis, the development of economic indicators of accidents costs, the maintenance priority. In the first step the location of the PTWs local accidents are iden- tified, then the accidents are analyzed by means of the suitable indicators and, among these the safety potential （SAPO）. Lastly, according to the results of the analyzed indicators the need of infrastructure maintenance will be defined. Usually SAPO is applied to rural areas, but here it has been adapted to describe the phenomena of the urban area in hand. As a result, the estimation of the saving potential to improve the infrastructure safety levels, thus reducing the amount of accidents, is presented, along with recommendations on how to upscale the SAPO at city level.

关键词： Safety Accident costsl Powered two-wheeler （PTW） Maintenance

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Managing sidewalk pavement maintenance:A case study to increase pedestrian safety

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Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering(English Edition) 2016年第3期3卷 203-214页

作者： maria vittoria corazza Paola Di Mascio Laura Moretti Department of Civil Building and Environmental EngineeringSapienza University of Rome

Comfort is a major requirement in planning pedestrian facilities. Pedestrians walk where they feel comfortable and when they do not feel at ease, they walk elsewhere. A typical example is that filthy, distressed, or too narrow sidewalks induce pedestrians to walk on carriageways. This behaviour jeopardizes road safety and highly dangerous to most users, leave them vulnerable. Unsuitable pavements can be the result of irregular maintenance operations to restore evenness after shock damage, weather phenomena, installation of equipment （e.g., posts, fences, urban furniture） with a reduction of walkable surface, or substandard repair work on pavements and patches due to emergency operations. These problems can be solved with an appropriate maintenance management system, which optimizes financial resources to make smart decisions about how to intervene with an adequate and lasting maintenance operation. This paper defines an evaluation index for sidewalk conditions as a part of an efficient set-up of a Sidewalk Management System, which is similar to the better known Road Management System. The study relies on sur- veys, as well as the classification and analysis of sidewalk distresses. The authors adapted an index already standardized by ASTM for roads and airports： the Pavement Condition Index （PCI）. PCI has been modified to consider the specific types on the sidewalks studied within this paper. To validate the method, a case study of a residential district in Rome, Italy, was carried out. The chosen area lacks regular maintenance and has therefore resulted in a network of unsafe sidewalks. Frequent detour routes were surveyed and related to the level of distresses within a general assessment of safety. This study con- centrates on sidewalks with flexible pavements because this type of pavement is the only one adopted in the survey areas and, in general, throughout Italy.

关键词： Sidewalks Maintenance Condition index Pedestrians Safety Asphalt pavements

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Transcriptome‑wide mapping of milk somatic cells upon subclinical mastitis infection in dairy cattle

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2023年第6期14卷 2630-2648页

作者： vittoria Bisutti Nuria Mach Diana Giannuzzi Alice Vanzin Emanuele Capra Riccardo Negrini maria Elena Gelain Alessio Cecchinato Paolo Ajmone‑Marsan Sara Pegolo DAFNAE University of PadovaViale Dell’Universita 16LegnaroPD 35020Italy. IHAP Universite de ToulouseINRAEENVT23 Chemin Des CapellesToulouse 31300France. IBBA National Research CouncilVia EinsteinLodi 26900Italy. DIANA Universita Cattolica del Sacro CuoreVia E.Parmense 84Piacenza 29122Italy. BCA University of PadovaViale Dell’Universita 16LegnaroPD 35020Italy.

Background Subclinical intramammary infection(IMI)represents a significant problem in maintaining dairy cows’health.Disease severity and extent depend on the interaction between the causative agent,environment,and host.To investigate the molecular mechanisms behind the host immune response,we used RNA-Seq for the milk somatic cells(SC)transcriptome profiling in healthy cows(n=9),and cows naturally affected by subclinical IMI from Proto-theca spp.(n=11)and Streptococcus agalactiae(S.agalactiae;n=11).Data Integration Analysis for Biomarker discov-ery using Latent Components(DIABLO)was used to integrate transcriptomic data and host phenotypic traits related to milk composition,SC composition,and udder health to identify hub variables for subclinical IMI detection.Results A total of 1,682 and 2,427 differentially expressed genes(DEGs)were identified when comparing Prototheca spp.and S.agalactiae to healthy animals,respectively.Pathogen-specific pathway analyses evidenced that Proto-theca’s infection upregulated antigen processing and lymphocyte proliferation pathways while S.agalactiae induced a reduction of energy-related pathways like the tricarboxylic acid cycle,and carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.The integrative analysis of commonly shared DEGs between the two pathogens(n=681)referred to the core-mastitis response genes,and phenotypic data evidenced a strong covariation between those genes and the flow cytometry immune cells(r2=0.72),followed by the udder health(r2=0.64)and milk quality parameters(r2=0.64).Variables with r≥0.90 were used to build a network in which the top 20 hub variables were identified with the Cytoscape cyto-hubba plug-in.The genes in common between DIABLO and cytohubba(n=10)were submitted to a ROC analysis which showed they had excellent predictive performances in terms of discriminating healthy and mastitis-affected animals(sensitivity>0.89,specificity>0.81,accuracy>0.87,and precision>0.69).Among these genes,CIITA could play a key role in regulating the animals’response to subclinical IMI

关键词： Data integration Immune response Milk somatic cells RNA-sequencing Subclinical mastitis

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Deterministic approaches for head lice infestations and treatments

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Infectious Disease Modelling 2020年第1期5卷 386-404页

作者： Noemi Castelletti maria vittoria Barbarossa Institute of Radiation Medicine Helmholtz Zentrum MünchenIngolst€adter Landstraße 1D-85764NeuherbergGermany Institute of Applied Mathematics Heidelberg UniversityIm Neuenheimer Feld 205D-69120 HeidelbergGermany Frankfurt Institute of Advanced Studies Ruth-Moufang-Straße 1D-60438FrankfurtGermany.

Pediculus humanus capitis are human ectoparasites which cause infestations,mostly in children,worldwide.Understanding the life cycle of head lice is an important step in knowing how to treat lice infestations,as the parasite behavior depends considerably on its age and gender.In this work we propose a mathematical model for head lice population dynamics in hosts who could be or not quarantined and treated.Considering a lice population structured by age and gender we formulate the model as a system of hyperbolic PDEs,which can be reduced to compartmental systems of delay or ordinary differential equations.Besides studying fundamental properties of the model,such as existence,uniqueness and nonnegativity of solutions,we show the existence of(in certain cases multiple)equilibria at which the infestation persists on the host’s head.Aiming to assess the performance of treatments against head lice infestations,by mean of computer experiments and numerical simulations we investigate four possible treatment strategies.Our main results can be summarized as follows:(i)early detection is crucial for quick and efficient eradication of lice infestations;(ii)dimeticone-based products applied every 4 days effectively remove lice in at most three applications even in case of severe infestations and(iii)minimization of the reinfection risk,e.***.by mean of synchronized treatments in families/classrooms is recommended.

关键词： Head lice Population dynamics Differential equations Structured populations Stability analysis Delay equations

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Compliance with NPIs and possible deleterious effects on mitigation of an epidemic outbreak

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Infectious Disease Modelling 2021年第1期6卷 859-874页

作者： maria vittoria Barbarossa Jan Fuhrmann Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies FrankfurtGermany Jülich Supercomputing Centre Forschungszentrum JülichJülichGermany

The first attempt to control and mitigate an epidemic outbreak caused by a previously unknown virus occurs primarily via non-pharmaceutical interventions(NPIs).In case of the SARS-CoV-2 virus,which since the early days of 2020 caused the COVID-19 pandemic,NPIs aimed at reducing transmission-enabling contacts between individuals.The effectiveness of contact reduction measures directly correlates with the number of individuals adhering to such measures.Here,we illustrate by means of a very simple compartmental model how partial noncompliance with NPIs can prevent these from stopping the spread of an epidemic.

关键词： Non-pharmaceutical intervention Epidemic model Compliance Reproduction number COVID-19

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Occult Cytomegalovirus Cholangitis and Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma: A Case Report

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Infectious Diseases & Immunity 2023年第3期3卷 140-141页

作者： Antonio Mastroianni Sonia Greco Valeria Vangeli maria vittoria Mauro Francesca Greco Roberto Manfredi Infectious&Tropical Diseases Unit "Annunziata"Hub HospitalAzienda Ospedaliera di CosenzaCosenzaItaly Microbiology&Virology Unit "Annunziata"Hub HospitalAzienda Ospedaliera di CosenzaCosenzaItaly University of Bologna BolognaItaly

A rare case of occult cytomegalovirus(CMV)cholangitis along with an updated literature review is presented.The patient had not undergone solid organ-bone marrow transplantation and had no chronic autoimmune biliary tract disorder or obvious immunodeficiency.The patient had underwent a pyloric-sparing duodenocephalopancreasectomy,and the postoperative histopathologic examination revealed multiple ulcerative lesions and an occult CMV infection.The copy number of CMV DNA was high(38,000 copies/μg DNA)in common bile duct surgical specimens measured by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction.CMV was not detected in blood and urine samples from the patient after full doses of intravenous ganciclovir and full doses of oral valganciclovir antiviral therapy.This report recapitulates the role of CMV in causing severe cholangiopathy in the absence of obvious immunosuppression or autoimmune disorder of the biliary tract.

关键词： Cholangitis Bile cytomegalovirus-DNA detection Biliary complications Cytomegalovirus

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How toxic are gold nanoparticles？ The state-of-the-art

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Nano Research 2015年第6期8卷 1771-1799页

作者： Ilaria Fratoddi Iole Venditti Cesare cametti maria vittoria Russo Dipartimento di Chimica Universita' di Roma 'La Sapienza' Piazzale A. Moro 5 1-00185 Rome Italy Dipartimento di Fisica and INFM CNR-SOFT Universita' di Roma 'La Sapienza' Piazzale A. Moro 51-00185 Rome Italy

与对在生物工学和他们的生理的效果的金 nanoparticles 的应用的成长兴趣，金 nanoparticles 的可能的毒性正在成为一个日益重要的问题。很多研究在许多试验性的条件下面在过去几年执行了，后面的不同协议生产了冲突结果，导致关于在人... 详细信息

与对在生物工学和他们的生理的效果的金 nanoparticles 的应用的成长兴趣，金 nanoparticles 的可能的毒性正在成为一个日益重要的问题。很多研究在许多试验性的条件下面在过去几年执行了，后面的不同协议生产了冲突结果，导致关于在人的应用的金 nanoparticles 的实际安全的分叉的看法。

关键词：纳米金生物医学应用金纳米粒子金纳米颗粒有毒物理化学参数实验条件相互作用

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Long term results of no- alcohol laser epithelial keratomileusis and photorefractive keratectomy for myopia

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2015年第3期8卷 574-579页

作者： Leopoldo Spadea Francesca Verboschi vittoria De Rosa Mariella Salomone Enzo maria Vingolo Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies Sapienza University of Rome

AIM: To evaluate the long term clinical results of mechanical no-alcohol-assisted laser epithelial keratomileusis(LASEK) versus standard photorefractive keratectomy(PRK) for low-moderate myopia.METHODS: Twenty-five eyes treated with LASEK and twenty-five eyes treated with PRK were evaluated with a mean follow-up duration of 60 mo. Mechanical separation of the epithelium was performed with blunt spatula and without application of alcohol. Laser ablation was performed with the MEL-70 excimer laser. All patients were examined daily until epithelial closure; at 1, 3, 6,and 12 mo, and every year subsequently. Main outcome measures were uncorrected distance visual acuity(UDVA), corrected distance visual acuity(CDVA),manifest refraction, haze, efficacy and safety indexes.RESULTS: Twenty-one eyes and 22 eyes completed follow-up of 60 mo in LASEK and PRK group respectively. Manifest refraction at 60 mo follow-up was-0.01 and 0.26 in LASEK and PRK group respectively. In the LASEK group mean UDVA and mean CDVA after60 mo were 20/22 and 20/20 respectively(P >0.01). In the PRK group mean UDVA and mean CDVA at 60 mo follow-up were 20/20 and 20/20 after 60mo(P >0.01). The efficacy indexes were 0.87 and 0.95, and the safety indexes were1.25 and 1.4 respectively for LASEK group and PRK group.CONCLUSION: Both standard PRK and no-alcohol LASEK offer safe and effective correction of low-moderate myopia in the long term without any statistically significant difference between the two groups.

关键词： alcohol laser epithelial keratomileusis myopia photorefractive keratectomy

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