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The intriguing giant deer from the Bate cave (Crete): could paleohistological evidence question its taxonomy and nomenclature?

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Integrative Zoology 2022年第1期17卷 54-77页

作者： maria rita palombo Marco ZEDDA CNR-IGAG c/o Department of Earth Sciences Sapienza UniversityRomaItaly Department of Veterinary Medicine University of SassariItaly

The research describes for the first time a possible case of pituitary gigantism in fossil mammals,precisely in *** pathology was detected in 2 long bones(tibia and metatarsus)belonging to an individual of an unusual large size found at the Bate cave(Rethymnon,Northern Crete).It formed the basis of Candiacervus major,the largest among the endemic deer species recorded in the Pleistocene-Early Holocene of *** and histomorphological examinations highlighted a reduction in cortical bone thickness and the presence of wide lacunae inside of the bone *** pathological conditions suggest a pituitary gigantism diagnosis also supported by some morphological evidence,such as the extremely elongated distal part of the metatarsal diaphysis,the proportionally small proximal epiphysis,and some bone *** diagnosis of a case of pituitary gigantism as presumed responsible for the extraordinary elongation of the tibia and the metatarsal bone is intriguing as they are,respectively,the paratype and the holotype of the *** species represents a case of a deviation from the“island rule”in Pleistocene large *** new evidence recommends a taxonomic and nomenclatural revision of this *** main outcomes of this research are as follows:(i)a case of pituitary gigantism is described for the first time in an extinct mammal;(ii)it is underlined that paleohistology may provide interesting clues for disentangling taxonomic and nomenclatural issues;(iii)one of the very few cases of gigantism in insular mammals is being questioned.

关键词： Candiacervus major Cretan deer island rule paleohistology pituitary gigantism

Lights and shadows in the evolutionary patterns of insular bovids

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Integrative Zoology 2014年第2期9卷 213-228页

作者： Roberto ROZZI maria rita palombo Department of Earth Sciences SapienzaUniversity of RomeRomeItaly Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche-Istituto di Geologia Ambientale e Geoingegneria(DNR-IGAG) RomeItaly

Endemic bovids are intriguing elements of insular *** living species include the Japanese serow(Cap-ricornis crispus)and the Formosan serow(***),the tamaraw from Mindoro,Philippines,(Bubalus min-dorensis)and the anoas(*** and ***),2 species of dwarf buffalos endemic to Sulawesi,*** endemic bovids are only recorded in some Asian,North American and Western Mediterranean *** we present a comprehensive overview of the changes in body size and evolutionary patterns ex-hibited by both extant and extinct insular *** appraisal indicates that each insular representative of Bo-vidae shows its own peculiar evolutionary model,albeit some parallel trends exist(*** in body size,allometric changes in limb bones,alteration of the life history traits).Some changes in morphology(*** simplification of horn cores,the increase in hypsodonty,the acquisition of a‘low-gear’locomotion),for in-stance,appear as common,albeit not general,patterns triggered by a combination of selective *** size patterns support the‘generality of the island rule’and suggest that biotic interaction had/have a major role in in-fluencing body size evolution in these species,although in different ways on different *** things consid-ered,available evidence suggest that a major role in the evolution of insular bovids is played by the structure of the insular community,the nature of available niches and by the dynamics of ecological interactions.

关键词： evolutionary island shadow

Do methods for predicting paleohabitats apply for mountain and insular fossil bovids?

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Integrative Zoology 2013年第3期8卷 244-259页

作者： Roberto ROZZI maria rita palombo Department of Earth Sciences SapienzaDepartment of Earth SciencesUniversity of Rome Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche–Istituto di Geologia Ambientale e Geoingegneria(CNR-IGAG) RomeItaly

A variety of methods have been developed to use bovid postcranial elements in the functional morphology approach to paleohabitat *** study represents a first attempt at testing morphometric methods based on astragalus and phalanges on extant mountain-dwelling bovids and insular fossil bovids from Sardinia assigned to the so-called‘Nesogoral group’,already regarded as close to the Caprini *** intended to answer the questions whether a classic four-habitats model could be successfully applied to extant mountain-dwelling bovids,and whether results obtained could support the hypothesis of a radiative evolution for the Sardinian *** obtained,on the one hand,highlighted some inadequacies of the method if not applied to African bovids;on the other hand,they stressed the difficulties of discriminating habitat preferences of Sardinian taxa only based on biometry of astragalus and ***,statistical habitat predictions suggest the contemporaneous presence in Sardinia of bovids having about the same size,but inhabiting different environments,giving support to the hypothesis that Sardinian representatives of the genus Nesogoral originated from a still unknown ancestor by an adaptive radiation evolutionary process.

关键词： Bovidae ecological morphology paleoecology Pleistocene Sardinia

Paleontology and evolution-part I

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Integrative Zoology 2014年第2期9卷 107-110页

作者： maria rita palombo Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra Sapienza Universitàdi Roma Rome Italy

Evolution is one of the central unifying concepts of natural history and modern *** it is well documented by many lines of evidence from a number of scientific disciplines(***,molecular biolo-gy,comparative anatomy,biogeography),its major sup-port indeed comes from the fossil record,where the his-tory of life can be seen unravelling through geological deep *** have modified their characteris-tics over time,and new taxa have incessantly *** mechanisms and causal factors have been shap-ing this multifaceted evolutionary history?

关键词： anatomy evolution record

Paleontology and evolution-part II

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Integrative Zoology 2014年第4期9卷 379-382页

作者： maria rita palombo Department of Earth Sciences Sapienza University of Rome Rome Italy

Explaining the history of life through geological deep time is undoubtedly a fascinating and challenging task that intrigued scientists even before the inception of Darwin’s *** fossil record,bearing witness to the changing of life and the continuous origination of new organisms in the course of time,on one hand represents the primary evidence for evolution,and on the other provides hints for deciphering dynamic processes and factors shaping the long,multifaceted evolutionary history of the *** at the past,therefore,is of crucial importance in the never-ending cognitive process of deciphering the way we came to be here.

关键词： doubt plain Biosphere

A first comparison of bone histomorphometry in extant domestic horses(Equus caballus)and a Pleistocene Indian wild horse(Equus namadicus)

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Integrative Zoology 2020年第6期15卷 448-460页

作者： Marco ZEDDA Vijay SATHE Prateek CHAKRABORTY maria rita palombo Vittorio FARINA Department of Veterinary Medicine University of SassariItaly Department of AIHC&Archaeology Deccan College Postgraduate and Research InstitutePuneIndia CNR-IGAG c/o Department of Earth SciencesSapienza UniversityRomaItaly

The microstructural features of the tissue of long bones subjected to different biomechanical stresses could be a helpful tool for a better understanding of locomotor behavior in extant and extinct mammals,including ***,few researches have attempted to describe the bone tissue of extinct *** our study,we analyze and compare the histomorphometric features of the bone tissue in extant modern horses,Equus caballus,and Equus namadicus,a Pleistocene Indian extinct wild *** number,position,and size of the osteons and Haversian canals of the bone tissue,classifiable as dense Haversian tissue,were considered for the *** results obtained highlight some differences between the analyzed species,*** having fewer and bigger osteons than *** microstructural differences may depend on the different lifestyles and environmental conditions characterizing the two *** results obtained suggest that comparing the biomechanical properties of extinct and modern horse species may provide indirect information on their paleoenvironment.

关键词： bone tissue Equus caballus Equus namadicus histomorphometry horse

Leukocyte telomere length and plasma interleukin-1β and interleukin-18 levels in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease: new biomarkers for diagnosis and disease progression?

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Neural Regeneration Research 2021年第7期16卷 1397-1398页

作者： Rosa maria Corbo rita Businaro Daniela Scarabino Department of Biology and Biotechnology Sapienza UniversityRomeItaly Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies Sapienza University of RomeLatinaItaly CNR Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology Rome Italy

Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment biomarkers: Alzheimer's disease(AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease of advancing *** affects around 47 million people in the world and the number is estimated to increase to 152 million by *** develops dementia every three seconds and the current annual cost of dementia is estimated at US $1 trillion, a figure set to double by 2030(Alzheimer's Disease International, 2019).

关键词： Alzheimer impairment diagnosis

Radiotherapy and the cellular DNA damage response: current and future perspectives on head and neck cancer treatment

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Cancer Drug Resistance 2020年第4期3卷 775-790页

作者： maria rita Fabbrizi Jason L.Parsons Cancer Research Centre Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer MedicineUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpool L39TAUnited Kingdom Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust Clatterbridge RoadBebington CH634JYUnited Kingdom

Incidences of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma(HNSCC)have been on the rise in the last few decades,with a significant risk factor being human papillomavirus(HPV)type-16/18 infection,particularly in the development of oropharyngeal ***(RT)is an important treatment modality for HNSCC,where it promotes extensive cellular DNA damage leading to the therapeutic *** has been well-established that HPV-positive HNSCC display better response rates and improved survival following RT compared to HPV-negative *** differential radiosensitivity has been largely associated with altered cellular DNA damage response mechanisms in HPV-positive HNSCC,and particularly with the signaling and repair of DNA double strand ***,other factors,particularly hypoxia present within the solid cancer,have a major impact on relative ***,recent approaches aimed at enhancing the radiosensitivity of HNSCC have largely centered on targeting key proteins involved in DNA repair,DNA damage checkpoint activation,and hypoxia *** studies have utilised in vitro and in vivo models of HPV-positive and HPV-negative HNSCC and examined the impact of specific inhibitors against the targets in combination with radiation in suppressing HNSCC cell growth and ***,accumulating evidence has shown that targeting enzymes including poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase,ataxia telangiectasia and Rad-3 related,DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit,and checkpoint kinase 1 can radiosensitise HNSCC cells which should be taken forward in further preclinical studies,with the goal of optimizing the future effective RT treatment of HNSCC.

关键词： DNA damage DNA repair head and neck cancer ionising radiation proton beam therapy radiobiology radiotherapy

ISWI ATP-dependent remodeling of nucleoplasmic u-speckles in the brain of Drosophila melanogaster

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2017年第2期44卷 85-94页

作者： Luca Lo Piccolo Andrea Attardi Rosa Bonaccorso Lorenzo Li Greci Giorgio Giurato Antonia maria rita Ingrassia maria Cristina Onorati STEBICEF Department University of Palermo Kyoto Institute of Technology Neuroimmunology Unit of San Raffaele Hospital Turku Center for Biotechnology University of Turku Genomix4Life Srl University of Salerno Baronissi Campus

Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins（hn RNPs） belong to the RNA-binding proteins family. They are involved in processing heterogeneous nuclear RNAs（hn RNAs） into mature m RNAs. These proteins participate in every step of m RNA cycle, such as m RNA export, localization, translation, stability and alternative splicing. At least 14 major hn RNPs, which have structural and functional homologues in mammals, are expressed in Drosophila melanogaster. Until now, six of these hn RNPs are known to be nucleus-localized and associated with the long non-coding RNA（lnc RNA） heat shock responsive u（hsru）in the omega speckle compartments（u-speckles）. The chromatin remodeler ISWI is the catalytic subunit of several ATP-dependent chromatin-remodeling complexes, and it is an essential factor for organization of u-speckles. Indeed, in ISWI null mutant, severe defects in u-speckles structure are detectable. Here, we clarify the role of ISWI in the hn RNPs-hsru interaction. Moreover, we describe how ISWI by its remodeling activity, controls hsru and hn RNPs engagement in u-speckles. Finally, we demonstrate that the sequestration of hn RNPs in u-speckles nuclear compartment is a fundamental event in gene expression control and represents a key step in the regulation of several pathways.

关键词： Omega speckles hnRNPs lncRNA Nuclear body Chromatin remodelers