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Biodegradable magnesium materials regulate ROS-RNS balance in pro-inflammatory macrophage environment

Bioactive Materials 2023年第5期23卷 261-273页

作者： Maria P.Kwesiga Amani A.Gillette Fatemeh Razaviamri margaret e.plank Alexia L.Canull Zachary Alesch Weilue He Bruce P.Lee Roger J.Guillory II Department of Biomedical engineering Michigan Technological UniversityHoughtonMIUSA Morgridge Institute for Research MadisonWIUSA Department of Biomedical engineering University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWIUSA

The relationship between reactive oxygen and nitrogen species(ROS-RNS)secretion and the concomitant biocorrosion of degradable magnesium(Mg)materials is poorly *** found that Mg foils implanted short term in vivo(24 h)displayed large amounts of proinflammatory F4/80+/iNOS+macrophages at the *** sought to investigate the interplay between biodegrading Mg materials(98.6%Mg,AZ31&AZ61)and macrophages(RAW 264.7)stimulated with lipopolysaccharide(RAW 264.7^(LPS))to induce ROS-RNS *** test how these proinflammatory ROS-RNS secreting cells interact with Mg corrosion in vitro,Mg and AZ61 discs were suspended approximately 2 mm above a monolayer of RAW 264.7 cells,either with or without ^(LPS).The surfaces of both materials showed acute(24 h)changes when incubated in the proinflammatory RAW 264.7^(LPS) *** discs incubated with RAW 264.7^(LPS) macrophages showed greater corrosion pitting,while AZ61 showed morphological and elemental bulk product changes via scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(SeM-eDX).X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)analysis showed a reduction in the Ca/P ratio of the surface products for AZ61 disc incubated with RAW 264.7^(LPS),but not the Mg ***,RAW 264.7^(LPS) macrophages were found to be more viable in the acute biodegradative environment generated by Mg materials,as demonstrated by calcein-AM and cleaved(active)caspase-3 staining(CC3).^(LPS) stimulation caused an increase in ROS-RNS,and a decrease in antioxidant peroxidase *** and AZ61 were found to change this ROS-RNS balance,independently of physiological antioxidant *** findings highlight the complexity of the cellular driven acute inflammatory responses to different biodegradable Mg,and how it can potentially affect performance of these materials.

关键词： Biocorrosion Macrophage activation Nitroso-redox balance Mg

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In-vivo evaluation of molybdenum as bioabsorbable stent candidate

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Bioactive Materials 2022年第8期7卷 262-271页

作者： Malgorzata Sikora-Jasinska Lea M.Morath Maria P.Kwesiga margaret e.plank Alexia L.Nelson Alexander A.Oliver Martin L.Bocks Roger J.Guillory II Jeremy Goldman Department of Biomedical engineering Michigan Technological UniversityUSA Department of Biomedical engineering and Physiology Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical SciencesUSA Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine UH Rainbow Babies&Children’s HospitalClevelandOHUSA

Biodegradable stents have tremendous theoretical potential as an alternative to bare metal stents and drug-eluting stents for the treatment of obstructive coronary artery *** bioresorbable or biodegradable scaffold material needs to possess optimal mechanical properties and uniform degradation behavior that avoids local and systemic ***,molybdenum(Mo)has been investigated as a potential novel biodegradable material for this *** its proven moderate degradation rate and excellent mechanical properties,Mo may represent an ideal source material for clinical cardiac and vascular *** present study was performed to evaluate the mechanical performance of metallic Mo in vitro and the biodegradation properties in *** results demonstrated favorable mechanical behavior and a uniform degradation profile as desired for a new generation ultra-thin degradable endovascular stent ***,Mo implants in mouse arteries avoided the typical cellular response that contributes to *** was minimal neointimal hyperplasia over 6 months,an absence of excessive smooth muscle cell(SMC)proliferation or inflammation near the implant,and avoidance of significant harm to regenerating endothelial cells(eC).Qualitative inspection of kidney sections showed a potentially pathological remodeling of kidney Bowman’s capsule and glomeruli,indicative of impaired filtering function and development of kidney disease,although quantifications of these morphological changes were not statistically ***,the results suggest that the products of Mo corrosion may exert beneficial or inert effects on the activities of inflammatory and arterial cells,while exerting potentially toxic effects in the kidneys that warrant further investigation.

关键词： Biodegradable stent Molybdenum Biocompatibility Degradation

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The autophagy protein Atg9 functions in glia and contributes to parkinsonian symptoms in a Drosophila model of Parkinson’s disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第5期19卷 1150-1155页

作者： Shuanglong Yi Linfang Wang margaret S.Ho Shiping Zhang School of Life Science and Technology ShanghaiTech UniversityShanghaiChina College of Life Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina

Parkinson’s disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by motor deficits,dopaminergic neuron loss,and brain accumulation ofα-synuclein aggregates called Lewy *** in protein degradation pathways,such as autophagy,has been demonstrated in neurons as a critical mechanism for eliminating protein aggregates in Parkinson’s ***,it is less well understood how protein aggregates are eliminated in glia,the other cell type in the *** the present study,we show that autophagy-related gene 9(Atg9),the only transmembrane protein in the autophagy machinery,is highly expressed in Drosophila glia from adult *** from immunostaining and live cell imaging analysis reveal that a portion of Atg9 localizes to the trans-Golgi network,autophagosomes,and lysosomes in ***9 is persistently in contact with these *** glial atg9 reduces the number of omegasomes and autophagosomes,and impairs autophagic substrate *** suggests that glial Atg9 participates in the early steps of autophagy,and hence the control of autophagic ***,loss of glial atg9 induces parkinsonian symptoms in Drosophila including progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons,locomotion deficits,and glial *** findings identify a functional role of Atg9 in glial autophagy and establish a potential link between glial autophagy and Parkinson’s *** results may provide new insights on the underlying mechanism of Parkinson’s disease.

关键词： Atg9 autophagy glia Parkinson’s disease

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Hypothesis and Thought experiment: Comparing Cognitive Competition of Neandertals and early Humans, to Our Coming Contest with AIs

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Journal of Social Computing 2024年第2期5卷 122-131页

作者： margaret Boone Rappaport Christopher J.Corbally The Human Sentience Project LLC TucsonAZ 85704USA the Department of Astronomy Steward ObservatoryUniversity of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85719USA

The history of how Homo sapiens out-survived the Neanderthals is recalled here with the goal of conceiving an edge in our coming competition with a faster, stronger artificial intelligence (AI) who has far greater capacity for information storage. The social and cognitive differences between the two hominid species, Homo sapiens and Homo neanderthalensis, are described. Based on findings from genomics, neuroscience, archaeology, and paleobiology, it appears possible that the capacities of Homo sapiens could outreach those of AIs in some ways. especially important are human visuospatial, cultural, and, oddly enough, theological capacities, and the interaction of these capacities in group problem-solving. While communication between AIs is fast and can be widespread, the authors ask whether this is the right kind of communication for solving problems of survival. An important question is explored throughout: Is it ethical to withhold from AIs human-like capacities that may become possible to install? Finally, a worrisome question is broached: Is it the best course to create AIs in our own image to safeguard our existence in unknown future interactions with extraterrestrial species, both organic and inorganic?

关键词： cognitive evolution neuroscience genomics visuospatial capacity family structure navigation ethics extraterrestrials

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A Natural Catalytic Converter^® for Continuously Inactivating Air and Surface Pathogens with More effect than Ventilation and Filtration

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2024年第5期14卷 1353-1363页

作者： margaret Scarlett Brett Duffy CAPT. (Ret.) US Public Health Service Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta GA United States of America ASHRAe (62.1 Standard Committee) Atlanta GA United States of America

Study Objective: The purpose of the study is to present independent laboratory testing for a novel technology in air and on surfaces. Since 2020, public health goals have focused on improving indoor air quality. This includes protection from airborne pathogens, such as tuberculosis, RSV, SARS-CoV-2, common cold or influenza viruses, measles, and others. engineering controls are highly effective at reducing hazardous pathogens found in indoor air and from recontamination of surfaces. This occurs from a continuous cycle of settling of small, sustained airborne pathogens, which may become dehumidified, becoming airborne again, carried by room air currents around indoor spaces, then repeating the cycle. Methods: The novel technology utilizes a catalytic process to produce safe levels of hydrogen peroxide gas that are effective in reducing pathogens in the air and on surfaces. Air testing was performed with the MS2 bacteriophage, the test organism for ASHRAe standard 241, and methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Surface testing was performed with SARS-COV-2 (Coronavirus COVID-19) and H1N1 (Influenza). Typical ventilation and filtration does not effectively remove disbursed pathogens from the entire facility, due to inconsistent air circulation and surface deposits of pathogens. Results: MS2 was reduced by 99.9%;MRSA was reduced by 99.9%;SARS-CoV-2 was reduced by 99.9%;H1N1 was reduced by 99.9%. Conclusion: This novel catalytic converter reduces a variety of pathogens in the air (99%) and on surfaces (99%), by actively disinfecting with the introduction of gaseous hydrogen peroxide. This active disinfection provides a strong solution for protecting the entire facility and its occupants.

关键词： Pathogen Bacteria Virus Reduction Gaseous Hydrogen Peroxide Disinfection Indoor Air Quality Surface

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Assessment of Occupational Radiation exposure for Radiotherapy Healthcare Workers at Kenyatta National Hospital Using Thermoluminescence Dosimeter LiF:Mg,Ti

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Journal of Geoscience and environment Protection 2024年第7期12卷 14-24页

作者： Collins Omondi margaret Chege Samson Omondi Department of Physics Kenyatta University Nairobi Kenya College of Health Physics Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology Nairobi Kenya

Kenyatta National Hospital (KNH) is the largest public referral hospital with a comprehensive cancer treatment facility in east and Central Africa. Occupational radiation monitoring is a significant technique for demonstrating compliance of radiation regulatory limits. The objective of the study was to carry out assessment of occupational radiation exposure among radiotherapy personnel at KNH using thermoluminescence dosimeter, TLD. KNH staff were monitored using dosimeter type TLD-100 made of LiF:Mg,Ti, on monthly basis. The reader system used for analysis was Harshaw 8800. The measurement established the average monthly accumulated occupational personnel dose for KNH to be 0.21 mSv and 0.29 mSv for Hp (10) and Hp (0.07) respectively. The accumulated dose results were within the maximum acceptable dose of 1.67 mSv/month and 41.6 mSv/month for Hp (10) and Hp (0.07) respectively. The investigation results were higher than the acceptable public limit of 0.08 mSv/month. Moreover, incidences were noted where the fetus dose limit 0.42 was also exceeded. evaluation of statistical dose exposure among doctors, nurses and radiographers’ measurement results were within ±0.02 mSv. The study established the average KNH occupational radiation exposure levels for both Hp (10) and Hp (0.07) were within the ICRU recommendation, validating radiation protection safe practice. Data analysis of healthcare workers did not indicate exposure trend biased to any healthcare profession. Hence radiation risk cut across all professional categories. It is recommended that Radiation Monitoring program be reviewed to include non-clinical staff who access the facility. Radiation reporting should not be limited to one facility, but reflect cases where workers are involved in multiple multiple jobs.

关键词： Occupational Monitoring exposure Thermoluminescence Dosimeter and Radiotherapy

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evaluation of Dosimetric Impact of Uncertainty of Measurement in estimating external Radiotherapy Dose

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2024年第8期14卷 1985-1995页

作者： Collins Omondi margaret Chege Samson Omondi Physics Department Kenyatta University Nairobi Kenya College of Health Physics Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology Juja Kenya

Cancer is a major societal public health and economic problem, responsible for one in every six deaths. Radiotherapy is the main technique of treatment for more than half of cancer patients. To achieve a successful outcome, the radiation dose must be delivered accurately and precisely to the tumor, within ± 5% accuracy. Smaller uncertainties are required for better treatment outcome. The objective of the study is to investigate the uncertainty of measurement of external radiotherapy beam using a standard ionization chamber under reference conditions. Clinical farmers type ionization chamber measurement was compared against the National Reference standard, by exposing it in a beam 60Co gamma source. The measurement set up was carried out according to IAeA TRS 498 protocol and uncertainty of measurement evaluated according to GUM TeDDOC-1585. evaluation and analysis were done for the identified subjects of uncertainty contributors. The expanded uncertainty associated with 56 mGy/nC ND,W was found to be 0.9% corresponding to a confidence level of approximately 95% with a coverage factor of k = 2. The study established the impact of dosimetry uncertainty of measurement in estimating external radiotherapy dose. The investigation established that the largest contributor of uncertainty is the stability of the ionization chamber at 36%, followed by temperature at 22% and positioning of the chamber in the beam at 8%. The effect of pressure, electrometer, resolution, and reproducibility were found to be minimal to the overall uncertainty. The study indicate that there is no flawless measurement, as there are many prospective sources of variation. Measurement results have component of unreliability and should be regarded as best estimates of the true value. .

关键词： Absorbed Dose to Water Radiotherapy Uncertainty of Measurement Secondary Standards Dosimetry Laboratory Ionizing Chamber

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evaluation of Air-Kerma and Absorbed Dose to Water for external Radiotherapy Beam Using Ionization Chamber

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Open Journal of Radiology 2024年第3期14卷 113-124页

作者： Collins Omondi margaret Chege Samson Omondi Kenyatta University Nairobi Kenya Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology Nairobi Kenya

Radiotherapy is the most widely applied oncologic treatment modality utilizing ionizing radiation. A high degree of accuracy, reliability and reproducibility is required for a successful treatment outcome. Measurement using ionization chamber is a prerequisite for absorbed dose determination for external beam radiotherapy. Calibration coefficient is expressed in terms of air kerma and absorbed dose to water traceable to Secondary Standards Dosimetry Laboratory. The objective of this work was to evaluate the level of accuracy of ionization chamber used for clinical radiotherapy beam determination. Measurement and accuracy determination were carried out according to IAeA TRS 398 protocol. Clinical farmers type ionization chamber measurement and National Reference standard from Secondary Standards Dosimetry Laboratory were both exposed to cobalt-60 beam and measurement results compared under the same environmental conditions. The accuracy level between National Reference Standard and clinical radiotherapy standard was found to be −1.92% and −2.02% for air kerma and absorbed dose to water respectively. To minimize the effect of error and maximize therapeutic dose during treatment in order to achieve required clinical outcome, calibration factor was determined for air kerma (Nk) as 49.7 mGy/nC and absorbed dose to water ND, as 52.9 mGy/nC. The study established that radiotherapy beam measurement chain is prone to errors. Hence there is a need to independently verify the accuracy of radiation dose to ensure precision of dose delivery. The errors must be accounted for during clinical planning by factoring in calibration factor to minimize the systematic errors during treatment, and thereby providing enough room to achieve ±5% dose delivery to tumor target as recommended by ICRU.

关键词： Absorbed Dose to Water Air Kerma Co-60 Source Calibration SSDL Radiotherapy Beam Metrology Accuracy and Accuracy

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Defining soft skills in nursing:a concept analysis

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Frontiers of Nursing 2024年第3期11卷 243-252页

作者： Luke Laari Oboshie Anim-Boamah margaret Nyame Department of Public Health Nursing School of Nursing and MidwiferyCollege of Health SciencesUniversity of GhanaLegonAccraGhana Department of Research Education and AdministrationSchool of Nursing and MidwiferyCollege of Health SciencesUniversity of GhanaLegonAccraGhana emergency Unit Holy Family HospitalNkawkawEastern RegionGhana

Objective:To define soft skills in ***:This is a concept analysis using the Walker and Avant *** electronic databases in the english language including CINAHL,Science Direct,MeDLINe on eBSCOhost,and Scopus were ***:Soft skills in nursing include the intrapersonal attributes,interpersonal skills,and creativity of the nurse,which,when combined with professionalism,teamwork,and effective communication skills,improve the quality of nursing care and client ***:Although hard and soft skills are compatible and synergetic,soft skills are to be prioritized for the success of nursing care in the healthcare *** concept analysis adds to the body of knowledge by identifying the attributes of soft skills in nursing and revealing that a good nurse needs more than just good grades to be successful.

关键词： communication hard skills individual creativity interpersonal skills intrapersonal traits nursing care soft skills

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Simplified seismic scenario analysis of existing masonry buildings accounting for local site effects

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Frontiers of Structural and Civil engineering 2024年第2期18卷 309-318页

作者： Ayşe e.ÖZSOYÖZBAY Işıl SANRI KARAPINAR Zehra N.KUTLU İsmail e.KILIÇ Department of Civil engineering Maltepe UniversityIstanbul 34857Turkey School of engineering and Construction Oryx Universal CollegeDoha 12253Qatar

This study discusses the effects of local sites and hazard amplification on the seismic vulnerability assessment of existing masonry *** this context,a rapid seismic evaluation procedure was implemented on an old masonry building stock in the historical center Galata,located inİstanbul,to determine the seismic risk priority of the built *** scenarios were generated for all soil classes,different moment magnitudes,and source-to-site distances to obtain more accurate results for the seismic vulnerability assessment of the studied building ***,damage distributions estimated under nine different scenarios with/without site effects were compared and illustrated in maps to discuss changes in vulnerability owing to amplification *** this study,by re-examining the rapid seismic evaluation procedure by including geo-hazard-based assessment,the importance of site effects on the vulnerability and risk assessment of built heritage was *** proposed framework integrating field data and local site effects is believed to advance the current applications for vulnerability assessment of masonry buildings and provide an improvement in the application of rapid seismic assessment procedures with more reliable results.

关键词： masonry buildings seismic vulnerability assessment cultural heritage local site effect

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