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NMR studies of stock process water and reaction pathways in hydrothermal carbonization of furfural residue

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green Energy & Environment 2018年第2期3卷 163-171页

作者： Fen Yue Christian marcus Pedersen Xiuyin Yan Yequn Liu Danlei Xiang Caifang Ning Yingxiong wang Yan Qiao Institute of Coal Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Process Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Department of Chemistry University of Copenhagen Taiyuan Supervision and Testing Station for Quality of grain Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology The Hong Kong Polytechnic University

Hydrothermal carbonization(HTC) is a valuable approach to convert furfural residue(FR) into carbon material. The prepared biochars are usually characterized comprehensively, while the stock process water still remains to be studied in detail. Herein, a NMR study of the main components in stock process water generated at different HTC reaction conditions was reported. Various qualitative and quantitative NMR techniques(~1H and ^(13)C NMR,~1H-~1H COSY and ~1H-^(13)C HSQC etc.) especially 1D selective gradient total correlation spectroscopy(TOCSY NMR) were strategically applied in the analysis of HTC stock process water. without separation and purification, it was demonstrated that the main detectable compounds are 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, formic acid, methanol, acetic acid, levulinic acid, glycerol, hydroxyacetone and acetaldehyde in this complicate mixture. Furthermore, the relationship between the concentration of major products and the reaction conditions(180-240 ℃ at 8 h, and 1-24 h at 240 ℃) was established. Finally, reasonable reaction pathways for hydrothermal conversion of FR were proposed based on this result and our previously obtained characteristics of biochars. The routine and challenging NMR methods utilized here would be an alternative other than HPLC or gC for biomass conversion research and can be extended to more studies.

关键词： NMR Hydrothermal carbonization Furfural residue Stock process water

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A New Lander on Mars

Engineering 2019年第3期5卷 355-356页

作者： marcus woo Senior Technology writer

On 26 November 2018, Mars welcomed a new visitor: the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)’s InSight lander. After barreling through the Martian atmosphere at 5.5 km·s^-1 and withstanding temperatures of 1500℃, the capsule containing the lander deployed its parachute. At a distance of 9.2 km from the surface, it released its heat shield, exposing the lander’s legs. A couple of minutes later, the capsule dropped the lander into a free fall. with the aid of pulsed retrorockets, InSight settled onto Elysium Planitia, a flat, moderately barren patch of land 4.5°north of the Martian equator. Over the next few weeks, the spacecraft surveyed its new surroundings, checked its systems, took a selfie (Fig. 1), and got to work.

关键词： Mars the National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Origami-inspired perovskite X-ray detector by printing and folding

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npj Flexible Electronics 2023年第1期7卷 471-478页

作者： Henning Mescher Fabian Schackmar Robert Huber Helge Eggers marcus Zuber Elias Hamann georg gramlich julian Dangelmaier Qiaoshuang Zhang Andres georg Rösch Thomas Zwick gerardo Hernandez-Sosa Ulrich w.Paetzold Uli Lemmer Light Technology Institute(LTI) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology(KIT)Karlsruhe 76131Germany Institute of Microstructure Technology(IMT) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology(KIT)Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344Germany InnovationLab(IL) Heidelberg 69115Germany Institute for Photon Science and Synchrotron Radiation(IPS) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology(KIT)Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344Germany Laboratory for Applications of Synchrotron Radiation(LAS) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology(KIT)Karlsruhe 76131Germany Institute of Radio Frequency Engineering and Electronics(IHE) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology(KIT)Karlsruhe 76131Germany

X-ray detectors are of pivotal importance for the scientific and technological progress in a wide range of medical,industrial,and scientific ***,we take advantage of the printability of perovskite-based semiconductors and achieve a high X-ray sensitivity combined with the potential of an exceptional high spatial resolution by our origami-inspired folded perovskite X-ray *** high performance of our device is reached solely by the folded detector architecture and does not require any *** design and fabrication of a foldable perovskite sensor array is presented and the detector is characterized as a planar and as a folded *** to 50 kVp−150 kVp X-ray radiation,the planar detector reaches X-ray sensitivities of 25−35μC/(gyaircm^(2)),whereas the folded detector achieves remarkably increased X-ray sensitivities of several hundredμC/(gyaircm^(2))and a record value of 1409μC/(gyaircm^(2))at 150 kVp without photoconductive ***,the potential of an exceptional high spatial resolution of the folded detector of more than 20 lp/mm under 150 kVp X-ray radiation is demonstrated.

关键词： perovskite exceptional planar

视网膜耳蜗脑微血管病并突发周边视野缺损及听力损失:Susac综合征1例(英文)

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国际眼科杂志 2010年第2期10卷 222-224页

作者： marcus Kernt Aljoscha S Neubauer Stephan Thurau Mi-chael w Ulbig 路德维希马克西米利安大学眼科

目的:报告1例25岁女性患Susac综合征(SS),突发周边视野缺损及听力丧失。方法:报告1例25岁女性患者突发周边视野缺损及听力丧失,并记录视网膜超广角血管造影检查结果之间的相互关系以及所展现的视野缺损。结果:患者显现出SS特有的临床三... 详细信息

目的:报告1例25岁女性患Susac综合征(SS),突发周边视野缺损及听力丧失。方法:报告1例25岁女性患者突发周边视野缺损及听力丧失,并记录视网膜超广角血管造影检查结果之间的相互关系以及所展现的视野缺损。结果:患者显现出SS特有的临床三联征。我们可以看出视网膜超广角血管造影检查结果和视野缺损之间的一些相互关系。结论:经证明超广角血管造影术是一个在临床治疗中检测和追踪SS周围病变的有价值的工具。

关键词： Susac综合征广角血管造影术欧宝全景照相系统眼底成像视网膜微血管病

Determination of surface color of‘all yellow’mango cultivars using computer vision

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International journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2016年第1期9卷 42-50页

作者： marcus Nagle Kiatkamjon Intani giuseppe Romano Busarakorn Mahayothee Vicha Sardsud joachim Müller Institute of Agricultural Engineering Tropics and Subtropics GroupUniversität HohenheimGarbenstrasse 9Stuttgart70599Germany Department of Food Technology Faculty of Engineering and Industrial TechnologySilpakorn UniversityNakhon Pathom73000Thailand School of Agro-Industry Mae Fah Luang UniversityChiang Rai57100 Thailand

Image processing techniques are increasingly applied in sorting applications of agricultural *** work has assessed the use of image processing for inspecting surface color of two Thai mango cultivars.A computer vision system(CVS)was developed and experiments were conducted to monitor peel color change during the ripening *** of RgB to CIE-LAB values was done via image processing and prediction models were developed to estimate color parameters from CVS *** evaluations showed insufficient prediction for L values(R2=0.42-0.58),but better results for A and B values(R2=0.90-0.95 and 0.80-0.82,respectively).Compared to the calculated color values hue angle and chroma,a yellowness index computed from intermediate XYZ values was found to be much more adept at accurately predicting peel color from CVS *** were strong for both cultivars(R2=0.93 for‘Nam Dokmai’and R2=0.95 for‘Maha Chanok’).Results from classification analysis indicated satisfactory results for classifying fruits according to ripeness based on *** rates of true positives in the categories unripe,ripe and overripe ranged 72%-92%for‘Nam Dokmai’and 98%-100%for‘Maha Chanok’.Therefore,it was shown that the CVS was capable of producing accurate color values for the two mango cultivars *** findings of this study can be incorporated for development of a robust system for quality prediction and establishment of a CVS for automatic grading and sorting of mangos.

关键词： mango peel color computer vision image processing fruit quality Thailand

Role of wide-field autofluorescence imaging and scanning laser ophthalmoscopy in differentiation of choroidal pigmented lesions

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International journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2014年第4期7卷 697-703页

作者： Lukas Reznicek Carmen Stumpf Florian Seidensticker Anselm Kampik Aljoscha S Neubauer marcus Kernt Department of Ophthalmology Ludwig Maximilians University Muenchen

·AIM:Toevaluatethe diagnostic properties of wide-field fundus autofluorescence(FAF) scanning laser ophthalmoscope(SLO) imaging for differentiating choroidal pigmented lesions.·METHODS: A consecutive series of 139 patients were included, 101 had established choroidal melanoma with13 untreated lesions and 98 treated with ***-eight had choroidal nevi. All patients underwent a full ophthalmological examination, undilated wide-field imaging, FAF and standardized US examination. FAF images and imaging characteristics from SLO were correlated with the structural findings in the two patient groups.·RESULTS: Mean FAF intensity of melanomas was significantly lower than the FAF of choroidal nevi. Only 1out of 38 included eyes with nevi touched the optic disc compared to 31 out of 101 eyes with melanomas. In 18 out of 101 melanomas subretinal fluid was seen at the pigmented lesion compared to none seen in eyes with confirmed choroidal nevi. In 'green laser separation', a trend towards more mixed FAF appearance of melanomas compared to nevi was observed. The mean maximal and minimal transverse and longitudinal diameters of melanomas were significantly higher than those of nevi.·CONCLUSION: wide-field SLO and FAF imaging may be an appropriate non-invasive diagnostic screening tool to differentiate benign from malign pigmented choroidal lesions.

关键词： imaging autofluorescence scanning laser ophthalmoscopy choroidal lesion melanoma

Nitrite oxide is not involved in modulation of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase in microglia activated with LPS plus IFNγ

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Nitrite oxide is not involved in modulation of indoleamine 2...

The association between human cytomegalovirus and glioblastomas: a review

中国生理学会第23届全国会员代表大会暨生理学学术大会

作者： marcus A.Lawson Robert Dantzer Keith w.Kelley College of ACES University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign USA

Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase(IDO) is an intracellular heme enzyme metabolizing tryptophan along the kynurenine *** is evidence that IDO and nitric oxide synthase(NOS) pathways are *** several kinds of cells including murine macrophages,nitric oxide(NO) is a potent inhibitor of IDO,but murine microglial cell lines are *** we tested this hypothesis in primary cultures of microglia from neonatal C57BL/6j *** were activated with IFNγ(1 ng/mL) and LPS(10 ng/mL).This activation was marked by abundant expression of iNOS mRNA and NO production secreted into cells culture *** an identical time-point as iNOS,IDO mRNA and its activity were also significantly *** iNOS inhibitor,L-NIL hydrochloride (30μmol/L) did not affect expressions of iNOS mRNA,IDO mRNA and IDO activity,whereas it fully blocked the ability of IFNγand LPS to induce *** the contrary to the up-regulation of IDO activity,IFNγand LPS induced a reduction in extracellular kynurenine,the first metabolism of IDO catalyzing tryptophan along the kynurenine ***,this reduction of kynurenine in the culture medium was completely blocked by *** explore the mechanism for the reduction in kynurenine,we did cell-free experiments with exogenous kynurenine and *** results were that the level of exogenous kynurenine decreased in the presence not absence of exogenous sodium nitrite(NaNO) after deproteinization with sulfosalicylic acid solution(SSA).These data extend and establish the concept that NO does not affect the expression of IDO mRNA and its activity in primary murine microglia activated by LPS and IFNγ.Furthermore,samples are frequently deproteinized with trichloroacetic acid (TCA) or SSA before kynurenine measurement by *** nitrite degrades kynurenine under SSA condition, we need carefully think about kynurenine’s real concentration measured by HPLC,and draw a reasonable conclusion about the action of NO on IDO when nitri

关键词： nitric oxide kynurenine indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase lipopolysaccharide interferon-gamma primary microglia

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Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation 2017年第6期4卷 96-108页

作者： Christian BHochhaIter Christopher Carr Brannan EO’NeiII marcus Lware MichaeI jStrong Department of Neurological Surgery Tulane University School of MedicineNew OrleansLA70112USA Department of Neurological Surgery Ochsner Clinic FoundationNew OrleansLA70112USA.

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) was reported in glioblastoma multiforme (gBM) over a decade ago and this finding has the potential to increase our understanding of the disease and it offers an alternative tumor-specific therapeutic target. Due of this promise, there is a fair amount of time, energy and money being directed towards understanding and utilizing this connection for eventual therapeutic purposes. Nevertheless, the association between gBM and HCMV remains controversial. Several studies have reported conflicting results, further undermining the potential clinical value of this association. In this review, the authors will discuss the latest developments on this evolving issue. Specifically, the results of the latest studies, both positive and negative, will be discussed. Furthermore, potential theories to explain discrepancies reported in the literature will be proposed. Clinical implications including potential targets for anti-HCMV therapy and the latest developments in anti-HCMV therapy will be presented. Finally, solutions to remedy this controversial issue in neuro-oncology will be offered.

关键词： Human cytomegalovirus cytomegalovirus gliomas glioblastoma multiforme immunotherapy brain tumors next generation sequencing

A jNK signaling pathway is involved in LPS-induced indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase expression in an interferon-γ-independent manner in primary murine microglia

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A JNK signaling pathway is involved in LPS-induced indoleami...