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Characterization of Clinical and Environmental Isolates of <i>Cryptococcus neoformans</i>/<i>Cryptococcus gattii</i>Complex Maintained in Yeast Culture Collection in São Paulo, Brazil

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Open Journal of Epidemiology 2018年第2期8卷 76-92页

作者： Pedro Henrique Magalh&atilde es Cardoso Bosco Christiano Maciel da Silva Jairo Ivo dos Santos Rennan Luiz Oliveira dos Santos Diniz Pereira Leite Jú nior Marcos Ereno Auler Luciana da Silva Ruiz Eriques Gonç alves da Silva Dé bora Moreira Carina Domaneschi Francisco de Assis Baroni marcia de souza carvalho melhem Marilena dos Anjos Martins Claudete Rodrigues Paula Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechny-FMVZ-USP University of S&#227 o Paulo (USP) S&#227 o Paulo Brazil Faculty of Medicine/FMUSP University of S&#227 o Paulo (USP) S&#227 o Paulo Brazil Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC) Florian&oacute polis Brazil Faculty of dentistry University of S&#227 o Paulo (FOUSP) S&#227 o Paulo Brazil Faculty of Medicine Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT) Cuiab&aacute Brazil Faculty of Pharmacy University of the Western Center of Paran&aacute (UNICENTRO) Guarapuava Brazil Institute Adolfo Lutz (IAL) Bauru Brazil Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ) Serop&eacute dica Brazil Institute Adolfo Lutz (IAL) S&#227 o Paulo Brazil

Objective: As isolates of Cryptococcus are frequently kept collection stocks in institutions, sometimes without proper characterization, we sought to determine the genotype profiles, protease and phospholipase activities “in vitro” and the susceptibility testing for azoles and amphotericin B. Methodology: 84 isolates from several regions of Brazil (40 samples from clinical origin and 44 isolates from environmental origin) were maintained at the microorganism’s bank of the Biomedical Science Institute (ICB-USP) of the São Paulo University, in São Paulo, Brazil. This isolates was submitted fungal strains determination, DNA extraction and purification, determination of genotype by URA5 gene RFLP of CGB-positive isolates, protease and phospholipase activity and susceptibility to antifungals. Results: Of six CGB positive isolates tested by RFLP-PCR, only four presented a genomic profile consistent C. gattii species (VGII), while two other were C. neoformans (VNI and VNIII), indicating the existence of canavanine-resistante C. neoformans isolates in the culture collections. The clinical isolates secreted higher levels of phospholipase and environmental isolates but no differences were observed for the protease levels. Almost all isolates were sensible to azoles and amphotericin B. Conclusion: We point out in this research the existence of C. neoformans strains resistant to canavanine and intrinsic characteristic of C. gatti. These results demonstrate the importance to perform a detailed characterization of isolates kept in culture collections.

关键词： Cryptococcus Complex Genotyping Protease Phospholipase Etest Culture Collection

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Effect of rare-earth oxides on properties of silicon nitride obtained by normal sintering and sinter-HIP

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Journal of Rare Earths 2012年第11期30卷 1177-1183页

作者： Cecilia C.Guedes-Silva Flávio Machado de souza carvalho José Carlos Bressiani Nuclear and Energy Research Institute-IPEN/CNEN Geoscience Institute-IGC/USP

This paper presented the microstructure, mechanical properties and oxidation behavior of silicon nitride obtained by both conventional sintering and sintering followed by hot isostatic pressing （HIP）. Silicon nitride with additives such as 5 wt.% Al2O3 and 5 wt.% Ln203 （Ln= La, La concentrate, Gd or La＋Gd） were studied. The results revealed that Gd203 additions increased the formation of elongated grains of β-Si3N4, the fracture toughness and oxidation resistance. La2O3 additions led to higher densification and hardness values, while addition of La2O3 concentrate promoted the formation of materials with intermediate properties, compared to the other studied compositions. Hot isostatic pressing increased the hardness but decreased the fracture toughness of the material, mainly because it allowed residual pores to close and also reduced the average aspect ratio of β-Si3N4 grains.

关键词： rare earths silicon nitride properties normal sintering sinter-HIP

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Urethane Modified Hydrophobic Compact Wood Pulp Paper for Oil Spill Cleanup: A Preliminary Study

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Journal of Renewable Materials 2020年第10期8卷 1257-1268页

作者： Gustavo de souza Ricardo K.Kramer Antonio J.F.carvalho department of Materials Engineering Sao Carlos School of Engineering(EESC)University of São Paulo(USP)São PauloBrazil

Oil spills and oil/water wastewater are among the great concerns regarding oil *** technologies face many limitations and in some cases are responsible for causing secondary pollution,therefore there is as seek for environmental friendly ***,from which celluloses are highlighted,are being employed for oil/water separation or oil absorbents ***,these membranes are obtained by freeze drying of CNF(cellulose nano-fibrils)suspensions followed by chemical modification for hydrophobization,which involves expensive process as chemical vapor deposition and expensive reactants as sylanes,turning these processes hardly ***,we produced a natural porous structure paper from eucalyptus pulp fibers modified by a dipping and heating process in a blocked diisocyanate *** the surface treatment,contact angle with water reached 144°and water absorption reduced seven times,keeping the good oil *** chemical modification process is simple to be performed and use a very low quantity of reactant estimated to be less than 0.1 wt%based on *** good mechanical properties of the material allows its use in non usual conditions which can be of great importance depending on the environmental conditions.

关键词： Cellulose oil removal hydrophobization water repellency blocked isocyanates

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Litter decomposition and nutrient release for two tropical N-fixing species in Rio de Janeiro,Brazil

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Journal of Forestry Research 2022年第2期33卷 487-496页

作者： David Pessanha Siqueira Giovanna Campos Mamede Weiss de carvalho JoséGabriel de souza Silva Marcos Vinicius Winckler Caldeira deborah Guerra Barroso Laboratório de Fitotecnia Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy RibeiroAvenida Alberto Lamego2000Campos dos GoytacazesRio de JaneiroBrazil departamento de Ciências Florestais e da Madeira Universidade Federal do Espírito SantoAvenida Governador Lindenberg316Jerônimo MonteiroEspírito SantoBrazil department of Geosciences and Natural Resources Management University of CopenhagenRolighedsvej 23Frederisksberg CDenmark

Litter production and decomposition are critical to forest productivity,nutrient cycling,and carbon seques-tration in tropical woody ***,nutrient release and leaf litter stoichiometry in tropical legume tree plantations over the long term after outplanting are poorly understood or even *** improving our under-standing of the pattern of changes in the decomposition of N-fixing leaf litters and their possible impact on carbon stor-age,we measured litter production,mass loss and nutrient release for 240 d during litter decomposition for two tropical legume tree species(Plathymenia reticulata and Hymenaea courbaril),in Rio de Janeiro,*** production for *** was 5.689 kg ha^(−1) a^(−1) and 3.231 kg ha^(−1) a^(−1) for *** patterns of mass loss rates were similar;however,nutrient release was greater for ***,while *** showed immobilization of nutrients,especially for N,which increased by almost 20%in the early phase of decomposition followed by gradual *** from the N-fixing species did differ in nutrient chemistries over time,which was not surprising given that initial nutrient concentrations varied broadly,except for C and *** of the nutrient concentrations increased as the remaining litter mass decreased in both species,except for C and *** C:N and N:P ratios differed between the species,but N:P did not correlate to mass *** species had N-rich leaves,but *** decomposition was very likely P-limited,while *** seemed to be co-limited by N and *** results showed different patterns in nutrient release and the stoichi-ometry involved in the decomposition dynamics of the two tropical N-fixing species,even though they have similar litter decay *** species,but especially ***,may help re-establish nutrient cycling in disturbed ecosystems.

关键词： Nutrient dynamics Legume species Litter chemistry Ecological stoichiometry Tropical forest

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Old climatically-buffered infertile landscapes(OCBILs):more than harsh habitats,Atlantic Forest inselbergs can be drivers of evolutionary diversity

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Journal of Mountain Science 2022年第9期19卷 2528-2543页

作者： Felipe de carvalho ARAÚJO Natália de AGUIAR-CAMPOS Cleber Rodrigo de souza Eduardo de Paiva PAULA Rubens Manoel dos SANTOS Laboratory of Phytogeography and Evolutionary Ecology Department of Forest SciencesFederal University of LavrasLavrasMinas GeraisBrazil

Granite-gneiss rock outcrop inselbergs are ancient stable ecosystems with old,climaticallybuffered infertile landscapes(OCBILs).Although inselbergs provide key ecosystem services,little is done for their conservation and,so far,a lot of their unknown evolutionary history has already been lost by human *** a fine-scale approach,here we tested if habitat and environmental filtering(the inselberg’s harshness)affect the evolutionary diversity of an Atlantic Forest inselberg in *** recorded all trees with a diameter at breast height≥5cm in 20 plots in four habitat types(total sampled area of 0.8 hectares),from highest to lowest:island,hillside,foothill,and semideciduous forest(matrix).We also collected soil samples for chemical,textural and physical soil *** fitted linear models to test the effects of soil and habitat on plotlevel metrics of phylogenetic diversity and structure,lineage diversity,phylogeneticβ-diversity,and evolutionary *** found that the upper inselberg habitats contain a distinct set of ancient,closely related,harsh-tolerant lineages,as well as a subset of lineages that persist under harsh conditions with a certain degree of water *** inferior inselberg habitats harbor higher lineage diversity than expected by *** strongly predicted evolutionary *** concluded that soil depth,slope,nutrients and texture(environmental filtering)and habitat types and topography(habitat filtering)shape the evolutionary history contained in fine-scale inselberg habitats,which should encourage the conservation of these ancient ecosystems.

关键词： Phylogenetic diversity Atlantic Forest Niche conservatism Environmental filters Soil fertility Terrestrial Island

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Effects of climate changes on distribution of Eremanthus erythropappus and ***(Asteraceae)in Brazil

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Journal of Forestry Research 2020年第2期31卷 353-364页

作者： Lucas Fernandes Rocha Isaias Emilio Paulino do Carmo Joema souza Rodrigues Povoa Dulcineia de carvalho departamento de Ciencias Florestais Universidade Federal de LavrasLavrasMG CEP 37200-000Brazil Institute of Biosystems Engineering Poznan University of Life SciencesWojska Polskiego 5060-637 PoznanPoland

Phylogeographic patterns of endemic species are critical keys to understand its adaptation to future climate ***,based on chloroplast DNA,we analyzed the genetic diversity of two endemic and endangered tree species from the Brazilian savanna and Atlantic forest(Eremanthus erythropappus and Eremanthus incanus).We also applied the climate-based ecological niche modeling(ENM)to evaluate the impact of the Quaternary climate(last glacial maximum*21 kyr BP(thousand years before present)and Mid-Holocene*6 kyr BP)on the current haplotype ***,we modeled the potential effect of future climate change on the species distribution in 2070 for the most optimistic and pessimistic *** primer/enzyme combination(SFM/HinfI)revealed polymorphism with very low haplotype diversity,showing only three different *** haplotype 1 has very low frequency and it was classified as the oldest,diverging from six mutations from the haplotypes 2 and *** *** populations are structured and differ genetically according to the areas of *** general,the populations located in the north region are genetically different from those located in the *** genetic structuring was observed for *** ENM revealed a large distribution during the past and a severe decrease in geographic distribution of *** and *** from the LGM until present and predicts a drastic decline in suitable areas in the *** reduction may homogenize the genetic diversity and compromise a relevant role of these species on infiltration of groundwater.

关键词： Ecological niche modeling Genetic diversity Climate change Chloroplast DNA

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Vegetative propagation of Apuleia leiocarpa(Vogel)***

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Journal of Forestry Research 2022年第2期33卷 455-462页

作者： JoséGabriel de souza Silva Diêgo Faustolo Alves Bispo David Pessanha Siqueira Giovanna Campos Mamede Weiss de carvalho deborah Guerra Barroso Laboratório de Fitotecnia Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy RibeiroAvenida Alberto LamegoCampos dos GoytacazesRJ 2000Brazil

Apuleia leiocarpa is an environmentally and economically significant Atlantic Forest species threat-ened by ongoing *** vegetative propagation of the species could be a step forward to enable implanta-tion of clonal seed orchards and multiplication of selected trees but remains unknown to *** study assessed the mini-cutting technique for propagation of *** and determined the time required for rooting and viable mini-cutting type and *** results show that it is possible to propagate *** with mini-cuttings derived from mini-stumps produced with seeds;the mini-stumps pre-sented regrowth capacity and remained constantly produc-tive for 1 year;10-cm *** mini-cuttings should remain under misting conditions for at least 40 days,and the vegetative propagation of *** with intermediate 7-to 10-cm mini-cuttings resulted in more vigorous clonal seedlings than smaller mini-cuttings.

关键词： Mini-cutting Tropical woody species Adventitious rooting Fabaceae

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Influence of Sugarcane Bagasse Fiber Size on Biodegradable Composites of Thermoplastic Starch

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Journal of Renewable Materials 2018年第2期6卷 176-182页

作者： Bruno Henrique dos Santos Karen de souza do Prado Asaph Armando Jacinto marcia Aparecida da Silva Spinace Federal University of ABC Center of Natural and Human SciencesAv.dos Estados5001Santa Terezinha09.210-170 Santo AndréSão PauloBrazil

Although thermoplastic starch(TPS)is biodegradable,its low mechanical resistance limits its wide *** bagasse(SB)fibers can be used as reinforcement in TPS matrix composites,but the influence of fiber size on the properties of the composite is still *** this study,TPS composites reinforced with SB short fibers of four sizes were processed and characterized in order to analyze the influence of fiber size on the mechanical properties of the TPS/SB *** was observed that the interaction between fiber and matrix was good and optimized when the fibers are sifted in sieves between 30 and 50 mesh,obtaining fibers with average length of 1569±640μm and average diameter of 646±166μ*** these composites,increases of more than 660%in the modulus and more than 100%in the maximum tension were verified when compared to the pure TPS.

关键词： Sugarcane bagasse thermoplastic starch composite fiber size

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Relationship between Physical and Chemical Soil Attributes and Plant Species Diversity in Tropical Mountain Ecosystems from Brazil

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Journal of Mountain Science 2014年第4期11卷 875-883页

作者： Ferna de carvalho Edward Luis GODOY Francy J. G. LISBOA Fatima Maria de souza MOREIRA Francisco Adriano de souza Ricardo Luis Louro BERBARA G Wilson FERNES Laboratory of Evolutionary Ecology and Biodiversity Department of Geral Biology Institute of Biology Sciences Federal University of Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte MG 30161-901 P.O. Box 486 Brazil department of Biology Microbiology and Biological Processes Department of Soil Science Federal University of LavrasLavras Minas Gerais 37200-000 P.O.Box 3037 Brazil department of Biological Sciences Ferderal University of S?o Jo?o Del Rei S?o Jo?o del-Rei Minas Gerais 36307-352Brazil Laboratory of Soil Biology Department of Soil Science Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro Seropédica Rio de Janeiro 23890-000 Brazil Embrapa Maize and Sorghum Center for Applied Biology Rod. MG 424 KM 45 Caixa Postal Sete Lagoas Minas Gerais 35701-970 P.O. Box 285 Brazil

Although the high diversity of plant species in the rupestrian fields has been primarily attributed to the existence of a set of distinct habitats, few studies support this assertion. The present study aimed to further investigate the relationship between physical and chemical attributes of soils with the diversity of plant species in this unique ecosystem. The rupestrian field is a unique vegetation formation that covers some of the southeastern Brazilian mountains in the transition of the Atlantic rain forest and the Cerrado(savanna). Different habitats occur according to soil characteristics(e.g., presence of rocks, sand, fertility, hydrology, etc.). These attributes ultimately influence the vegetation that is highly adapted to the harsh edaphic and climatic mountain conditions. Five distinct habitats were studied by us: rocky outcrops, peat bogs, sandy bogs, quartz gravel fields, and "cerrado"(savanna). A floristic survey indicated that four families are found at greater frequency: Poaceae, Asteraceae, Cyperaceae, and Leguminosae. The greatest diversity of plant species was found in the rocky outcrops habitat, followed by cerrado, peat bog, quartz gravel grassland, and sandy bogs, respectively. The main difference in the floristic composition among these habitats was related to the dominant species. Trachypogon spicatus(Poaceae) was the most dominant species in the rocky outcrops, Axonopus siccus(Poaceae) in the peat bogs, Lagenocarpus rigidus(Cyperaceae) in the sandy bogs, Schizachyrium tenerum(Poaceae) in the cerrado, while Vellozia sp. 8(Velloziaceae) dominated the vegetation in the quartz gravel grassland. This study demonstrated that physical and chemical soil properties strongly related the diversity of plant species occurring in the different habitats of rupestrian fields.

关键词： Floristic diversity Plant-soilrelationships Espinhaqo Range Biodiversity Mountain ecology Plant habitat

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Microencapsulation of Kluyveromyces marxianus and Plantago ovata in cheese whey particles: Protection of sensitive cells to simulated gastrointestinal conditions

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Food Bioscience 2023年第2期52卷 1183-1192页

作者： Monica Cerutti Martellet Fernanda Majolo Larissa Cima marcia Ines Goettert Claucia Fernanda Volken de souza Graduate Program in Biotechnology University of Vale do Taquari-UnivatesLajeadoRio Grande do SulBrazil Graduate Program in Medical Sciences University of Vale do Taquari-UnivatesLajeadoRio Grande do SulBrazil Institute of Pharmacy Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry and Tübingen Center for Academic Drug DiscoveryEberhard Karls University TübingenTübingenGermany

Cheese whey proteins are natural vehicles for biological agents that are used as an inexpensive and effective coating material in the encapsulation of *** this work,the yeast Kluyveromyces marxianus,of probiotic potential,was associated with the prebiotic Plantago ovata(Psyllium)in particles coated with cheese *** efficiency of encapsulation,gastrointestinal tract(GIT)viability,particle morphology,and adhesion to enteral cells were *** was encapsulated in different formulations with alginate(alg),psyllium(psy),and cheese whey(cw)through an extrusion process associated with vibrational *** encapsulated in different wall materials[alginate-psyllium-cheese whey(alg-psy-cw),alginate(alg),alginate-psyllium(alg-psy),and alginate-cheese whey(alg-cw)]were adequately protected,resulting in high cell viability(11.32,9.77,9.13,10.95 log CFU.g􀀀1,respectively).Regarding the bioavailability assay after three months of storage under refrigeration(±4℃),cells encapsulated in wall material alg-psy-cw demonstrated the best viability(>6 log CFU.g^(-1)).Encapsulated yeasts showed greater resistance to acidic conditions when exposed to simulations of the gastrointestinal tract,demonstrating a lower diffusion rate in the formulation made with wall material alg-psy-cw(10.03 log CFU.g^(-1)).The adhesion rate to Caco-2 cells was high(±3,166 yeasts/100 Caco-2 cells).Finally,the developed product in this study was found to be suitable for incorporation in functional foods,as well as in pharmaceutical products,demonstrating its biotechnological potential.

关键词： Coencapsulation Cheese whey Prebiotic Probiotic Biotechnology Yeast

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