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Advances in Entomology 2014年第4期2卷 194-201页

作者： marcelo lopes-da-silva Luiz Gonzaga Esteves Vieira Plant Quarantine Laboratory Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology Brazilian Agriculture Research Corporation (Embrapa) Brasília DF Brazil University of Western São Paulo (Unoeste) Presidente Prudente Brazil

The aim of this study was to investigate the level of evolutionary divergence among five isofemale lineages of Metopolophium dirhodum Walker (Hemiptera: Aphididae) using sequences of the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) of ribosomal DNA (rDNA). These isofemalelineages were derived from parthenogenetic females, previously genetically characterized by having strong association of RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA) molecular markers and host plant preference. Out of 25 sequences, only 17 containing ITS2 (the second spacer) were used for analysis due to their quality. Within 250 nucleotide sites originated by multiple alignments, 10.4% were variable, with the predominance of indels over substitutions. The average of nucleotide diversity (π) within isofemale lineages was similar to the diversity found among all isofemale lineages. The topology inferred by the Neighbor-Joining method showed that no evolutionary divergence inferred by ITS2 sequences among isofemale lineages typified by RAPD could be associated with host preference. The ITS2 sequence differences found within lineages and their causes are discussed.

关键词： Aphid Clones Molecular Evolution DNA

The Role of Natural and Human-Mediated Pathways for Invasive Agricultural Pests:A Historical Analysis of Cases from Brazil

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Agricultural Sciences 2014年第7期5卷 634-646页

作者： marcelo lopes-da-silva Marcio Martinello Sanches Andrea Ramos Stancioli Giliardi Alves Regina Sugayama Plant Quarantine Laboratory Embrapa Genetic Resources and BiotechnologyBrazilian Agricultural Research Corporation(Embrapa)BrasiliaBrazil Agropec Pesquisa Extensao e ConsultoriaBelo HorizonteBrazil

Information about the geographic distribution of agricultural pests is the basis for all pest-related agricultural and environmental protection policies. However, often the pest’s records are incomplete and uncertain. Even with limitations, the pest records are needed for any country to organize a system for agriculture protection and to mobilize surveillance efforts. The first point is to identify the imminence of biological invasions, which can be accomplished through the collection of data on pest distribution. The basic information to evaluate the predictability of an invasion is geographic distribution and the identification of pathway types associated with the potential invader. Thus, the level of the risk of introduction is assessed more objectively. In this article, cases of introduction of pests were analyzed from published reports in Brazil in terms of their geographic distribution at the time of their introduction. Taking into consideration the country’s extensive terrestrial borders, this study attempts to elucidate the role played by different pathways in each bioinvasion. This analysis recognized the limitations of the historical method and underlying uncertainties of each invasion event. Human-mediated pathways were the main source of agricultural pest invasions in Brazil and the country was more a disperser than a receptor of exotic agricultural pests and diseases in South America. A new geographical hotspot (Northern South America and Caribbean Region) for possible invasions was identified.

关键词： Bioinvasions Biosecurity Surveillance Borders Dispersion Invasion Biology Risk Analysis

A review on the synergism between corrosion and fatigue of magnesium alloys:Mechanisms and processes on the micro-scale

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第8期12卷 3062-3093页

作者： Mara Cristina lopes de Oliveira Rejane Maria Pereira da silva Ricardo M.Souto Renato Altobelli Antunes Federal University of the ABC Center for EngineeringModeling and Applied Social SciencesAv.Dos Estados500109280-560 Santo AndréSPBrazil Department of Chemistry-PPGQ State University of PiauíUESPICampus Poeta Torquato NetoPirajáTeresina 64002-150 PIBrazil Institute of Material Science and Nanotechnology University of La LagunaP.O.Box 45638200 La LagunaTenerifeSpain

Understanding the interaction between cyclic stresses and corrosion of magnesium(Mg)and its alloys is increasingly in demand due to the continuous expansion of structural applications of these *** review is dedicated to exploring the corrosion-fatigue mechanisms of these materials,with an emphasis on microscale processes,and the possibility of expanding current knowledge on this topic using scanning electrochemical *** interaction between fatigue and corrosion of Mg alloys is analyzed by considering the microstructural aspects(grain size,precipitates,deformation twins),as well as the formation of ***,in the case of coated alloys,the role of coating defects in these phenomena is also *** this context,the feasibility of using scanning electrochemical microscopy(SECM),scanning vibrating electrode technique(SVET),scanning ion-selective electrode technique(SIET),localized electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(LEIS)and scanning Kelvin probe(SKP)methods to study the corrosion-fatigue interaction of Mg alloys is examined.A comprehensive review of the current literature in this field is presented,and the opportunities and limitations of consolidating the use of these techniques to study the microscale processes involved in Mg corrosion-fatigue are discussed.

关键词： Magnesium alloys Localized corrosion and protection Fatigue Scanning electrochemical microscopy Scanning vibrating electrode technique Scanning ion-selective electrode technique Scanning Kelvin probe Chemical imaging

Investigating local corrosion processes of magnesium alloys with scanning probe electrochemical techniques: A review

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2022年第11期10卷 2997-3030页

作者： Mara Cristina lopes de Oliveira Rejane Maria Pereira da silva Ricardo M.Souto Renato Altobelli Antunes Federal University of ABC Center for EngineeringModeling and Applied Social SciencesAv.Dos Estados500109210-580Santo AndréSP Brazil Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares IPEN/CNENAv.Prof.Lineu Prestes2242São PauloBrazil Institute of Material Science and Nanotechnology University of La LagunaP.O.Box 456La LagunaTenerife 38200Spain

The study of corrosion of magnesium and its alloys has emerged a hot topic in the applications of lightweight structural materials. The inherently high electrochemical activity of bare magnesium surfaces still lacks a convincing mechanism to describe the observed experimental characteristics, and it has prompted the development of various types of protective coatings with the aim of slowing metal dissolution. In recent years, new instruments and techniques have been developed to study with spatial resolution the local corrosion processes that occur in metallic materials in general, and for magnesium and its alloys in particular, both for bare surfaces and coated. Scanning microelectrochemical techniques, such as local electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(LEIS), scanning electrochemical microscopy(SECM), scanning vibrating electrode technique(SVET), scanning ion-selective electrode technique(SIET) and scanning Kelvin probe(SKP) can provide information about the local electrochemical activity of metallic surfaces. In the present work, the applications of these techniques in corrosion studies of magnesium and its alloys are reviewed. Assessment of corrosion mechanisms, barrier properties of conventional coatings and active corrosion behavior of self-healing coatings are examined. Limitations and future developments in this area are discussed.

关键词： Magnesium alloys LEIS SECM SVET SIET SKP

Factors determining the occupancy of nest-boxes by Great Tits(Parus major)in eucalypt plantations

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Avian Research 2023年第2期14卷 200-205页

作者： Ricardo S.Ceia Pedro B.lopes Luís Pda silva Centre for Functional Ecology–Science for People&the Planet Department of Life SciencesUniversity of Coimbra3000-456CoimbraPortugal CIBIO Centro de Investigaçao em Biodiversidade e Recursos GeneticosInBIO Laboratorio AssociadoCampus de Vair aoUniversidade do Porto4485-661VairaoPortugal BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics Biodiversity and Land PlanningCIBIOCampus de Vai~ao4485-661VairaoPortugal

Providing nest-boxes as surrogate tree cavities can be of great importance to increase the breeding populations of cavity-nesting birds in managed ***,the exact placement of nest-boxes should be taken into consideration to enhance their occupancy according to species-specific *** this study,we investigated which factors can better predict nest-box occupancy by the Great Tit(Parus major)in eucalypt *** used generalised linear mixed-effects models to analyse the influence of topography,nest-box positioning,vegetation cover and landscape variables on three-year occupancy records from 80 newly provided ***-random patterns of nest-box occupancy were found with respect to all categories except *** suggest that Great Tits prefer to occupy high-placed nest-boxes,close to areas that can provide them with supplementary resources either within or in the vicinity of the stand(i.e.,trees other than eucalypts,riparian vegetation,and large patches of adjacent habitats).Overall,this study provides important recommendations for nest-box placement and spatial distribution in managed forests and enhances the potential of nest-box interventions as a biodiversity offset and management tool.

关键词： Eucalyptus globulus Managed forest Nest-site attributes Secondary cavity-nester Species-specific preferences Tit

Maternal milk ILCs and adaptive immune cells populate neonatal organs

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2020年第6期17卷 665-667页

作者： Jack C.Yu Hesam Khodadadi Évila da silva lopes Salles Fairouz Chibane Jatinder Bhatia Babak Baban Children’s Hospital of Georgia and Medical College of Georgia Augusta UniversityAugustaGAUSA Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences Dental College of GeorgiaAugusta UniversityAugustaGAUSA Department of Surgery Medical College of GeorgiaAugusta UniversityAugustaGAUSA Division of Neonatology Department of PediatricMedical College of GeorgiaAugusta UniversityAugustaGAUSA

How does the neonatal immune system decide which of the millions and millions of microbes it encounters during and soon after birth are commensal and which are pathological?This is not a trivial *** vigorous responses to commensal bacteria cause unnecessary collateral tissue damage and loss of the potentially beneficial microbial flora needed for host *** the other hand,insufficient immune defense against invading,harmful,microbes is also very problematic,if not lethal.1 While the mechanisms for self-tolerance have been the subject of extensive investigations since the mid-1950s,such is not the case for selective unresponsiveness to commensal microbial flora residing on the skin or the mucosa of the gastrointestinal track.

关键词： neonatal organs immune

Formation of DNA Strand Breaks in Peripheral Lymphocytes of Rats After Exposure to Natural Sunlight

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2012年第2期25卷 245-249页

作者： Dorival Mendes RODRIGUES-JUNIOR Ana Amélia de CARVALHO MELO Benedito Borges da silva Pedro Vitor lopes-COSTA Department of Biology Federal University of Piaui-TeresinaPiauiBrazil Department of Gynecology Federal University of Piaui-TeresinaPiauiBrazil

Objective This paper aims to evaluate the genotoxicity in peripheral blood lymphocytes of rats after exposure to sunlight at different time points of day in a tropical region of Brazil（5oS,42oW）.Materials and Methods Thirty Wistar-Hannover rats,three months old,were randomly divided into three groups of 10 animals each：Group I [control,without exposure to ultraviolet（UV） radiation],Group II（exposed to sunlight during 08：00 *** 10：00 a.m.）,and Group III（exposed to sunlight during 10：00 *** 12：00 a.m.）.After a week of exposure,peripheral blood samples were taken from the tail of these animals to prepare smears on two slides per *** 24 h after exposure to sunlight in Group III,a new collection was obtained to observe the repair *** alkaline comet assay was used in this study to evaluate the genotoxic activity of sunlight（P0.05）.Results There was no statistical difference between Group I and II（P=0.672）.On the other hand,the exposure to sunlight in Group III showed genotoxic action in comparison to the other groups（P0.0001）.Also,there was no significant repair in Group III R（P=0.407）.Conclusion This study has shown a genotoxic potential of sunlight（UVA-B） in lymphocytes of mammals from 10：00 *** 12：00 a.m.,due to a higher intensity of UV in this tropical region.

关键词： Comet assay DNA damage Rats Sunlight Ultraviolet radiation

Entropy model to assess sediment resuspension probability and trap efficiency of small dams

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2022年第5期37卷 675-686页

作者： Francisco Jairo Soares Pereira Antonio Viana da silva Filho José Wellington Batista lopes José Carlos de Araújo Department of Agricultural Engineering Federal University of Ceará Campus Do Pici Rural Federal University of Pernambuco Federal University of Piauí

In the Brazilian drylands, there are tens of thousands of small dams. Despite their paramount importance to the rural population, they are rarely monitored. Water demand increases with time while, simultaneously, siltation reduces reservoir water capacity and availability. Reservoir siltation models are, therefore, mandatory to manage the numerous ungauged small dams in these *** objective of the current study is to improve sediment trap efficiency(TE) modeling by including resuspension as a key probabilistic process. The Shannon entropy was used to estimate the sediment resuspension probability, which was merged with the Camp model and generated the RETSED entropy model. To validate the RETSED model, an experimental check dam(ECD, 300 m3), located in the Gilbu es desertification site, Brazil, was monitored hourly during one hydrological year(July 2018-July 2019). Measurements show that the annual volumetric decline of the check dam was 12%; and that the average trap efficiency equaled 86%. Only 9.5% of the hourly sediment concentration outflow exceeded the average plus one standard deviation, showing that the reservoir is well mixed; a fact which highlights the relevance of the resuspension process. Three empirical models failed to mimic the experimental results: Churchill(TE = 99%), Brune(TE = 75%), and Maryland(TE = 94%). According to the RETSED entropy model, the resuspension probability during the experiment was 10%and TE = 81%, a value only 6% below the measured one. The Camp model simulated TE = 89%, only 3%higher than the measured value, but confirmed the Camp model’s tendency to overestimate TE due to a disregard of resuspension. The deterministic model showed low sensitivity concerning the hydrodynamic effects, whereas the entropy formulation proved to be more consistent with physical behavior: the resuspension probability clearly increased and trap efficiency decreased with rising reservoir discharge.

关键词： Erosion Check dam Sedimentation Ungauged basins Camp model

Traits associated with winter wheat grain yield in Central and West Asia

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2014年第7期56卷 673-683页

作者： Marta silva lopes Didem Saglam Mutlu Ozdogan Matthew Reynolds CIMMYT University of Ahi Evran Faculty of Agriculture Department of Plant Protection Center for Sustainability and the Global Environment University of Wisconsin‐Madison

Improved adaptation of winter wheat （Triticum aestivum L.） to drought and heat may be influenced by days to heading, plant height, biomass, canopy temperature （CT） at grain fil ing, and rate of senescence. This study shows that, under supplemental irrigation or rainfed conditions, days to heading and plant height together explain up to 68%of grain yield （GY） variation, and these associations were further confirmed in several locations across West and Central Asia. days to heading can be slightly reduced below that of check line Karahan to further improve GY while avoiding the effect of late frosts. Plant height has been decreased in recent germplasm, but further reductions below that of check line Karahan could stil improve GY in a wide range of environ-ments. However, in Iranian sites, tal er genotypes showed better adaptation with higher biomass and increased reserves＆amp;nbsp;for grain fil ing. Canopy temperature and rate senescence were not associated with GY. A normalized difference vegetation index, used to estimate biomass （Feekes stages 4-5）, had intermediate heritability across environments and correlated positively with GY under low plant density and should be explored further as a tool for early selection.

关键词： Biomass GxE earliness phenology plant height NDVI rain-fed yield

Movement behaviors and their association with depressive symptoms in Brazilian adolescents:A cross-sectional study

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2022年第2期11卷 252-259页

作者： Bruno Goncalves Galdino da Costa Jean-Philippe Chaput Marcus Vinicius Veber lopes Luis Eduardo Argenta Malheiros Kelly Samara silva Research Centre in Physical Activity and Health Federal University of Santa CatarinaFlorianopolis88040-900Brazil Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research InstituteOttawaON K1H 8L1Canada

Background:Physical activity,sleep,and sedentary behaviors compose 24-h movement behaviors and have been independently associated with depressive ***,it is not clear whether it is the movement behavior itself or other contextual factors that are related to depressive *** objective of the present study was to examine the associations between self-reported and accelerometer-measured movement behaviors and depressive symptoms in ***:Cross-sectional data from 610 adolescents(14-18 years old)were *** answered questions from the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression scale and reported time spent watching videos,playing videogames,using social media,time spent in various physical activities,and daytime ***-worn accelerometers were used to measure sleep duration,sleep efficiency,sedentary time,and physical ***-effects logistic regressions were ***:Almost half of the adolescents(48%)were classified as being at high risk for depression(score≥20).No significant associations were found between depressive symptoms and accelerometer-measured movement behaviors,self-reported non-sport physical activity,watching videos,and playing ***,higher levels of self-reported total physical activity(odd ratio(OR)=0.92,95%confidence interval(95%CI):0.86-0.98)and volume of sports(OR=0.88,95%CI:0.79-0.97),in minutes,were associated with a lower risk of depression,while using social media for either 2.0-3.9 h/day(OR=1.77,95%CI:1.58-2.70)or>3.9 h/day(OR=1.67,95%CI:1.10-2.54),as well as higher levels of daytime sleepiness(OR=1.17,95%CI:1.12-1.22),were associated with a higher risk of ***:What adolescents do when they are active or sedentary may be more important than the time spent in the movement behaviors because it relates to depressive *** daytime sleepiness,promoting sports,and limiting social media use may benefit adolescents.

关键词： Accelerometry Depression Physical activity Sedentary behavior Sleep