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The olfactory system of Pieris brassicae caterpllars:from receptors to glomeruli

Insect Science 2024年第2期31卷 469-488页

作者： Qi Wang Hans m.Smid marcel Dicke Alexander Haverkamp Laboratory of Entomology Wageningen University and ResearchWageningenthe Netherlands

Tolfactory system of adult lepidopterans is among the best described neuronal ***,comparatively little is known about the organization of the olfactory system in the larval stage of these ***,we explore the expression of olfactory receptors and the organization of olfactory sensory neurons in caterpillars of Pieris brassicae,a significant pest species in Europe and a well-studied species for its chemical *** describe the larval olfactory system in this species,we first analyzed the head transcriptome of third-instar larvae(L3)and identified 16 odorant receptors(ORs)including the OR coreceptor(Orco),13 ionotropic receptors(IRs),and 8 gustatory receptors(GRs).We then quantified the expression of these 16 ORs in different life stages,using qPCR,and found that the majority of ORs had significantly higher expression in the L4 stage than in the L3 and L5 stages,indicating that the larval olfactory system is not static throughout caterpillar *** an Orco-specific antibody,we identified all olfactory receptor neurons(ORNs)expressing the Orco protein in L3,L4,and L5 caterpillars and found a total of 34 Orco-positive ORNs,distributed among three sensilla on the *** number of Orco-positive ORNs did not differ among the three larval ***,we used retrograde axon tracing of the antennal nerve and identified a mean of 15 glomeruli in the larval antennal center(LAC),suggesting that the caterpillar olfactory system follows a similar design as the adult olfactory system,although with a lower numerical *** together,our results provide a detailed analysis of the larval olfactory neurons in P brassicae,highlighting both the differences as well as the commonalities with the adult olfactory *** findings contribute to a better understanding of the development of the olfactory system in insects and its life-stage-specific adaptations.

关键词： glomeruli larvae Lepidoptera odorant receptor olfactory receptor neurons sensilla

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The big data challenge-and how polypharmacology supports the translation from pre-clinical research into clinical use against neurodegenerative diseases and beyond

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第8期19卷 1647-1648页

作者： Sven marcel Stefan muhammad Rafehi Drug Development and Chemical Biology Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology(LIED)University of Lübeck and University Medical Center Schleswig-HolsteinLübeckGermany Department of Pathology Section of NeuropathologyTranslational Neurodegeneration Research and Neuropathology LabUniversity of Oslo and Oslo University HospitalOsloNorway School of medical Sciences Faculty of Medicine and HealthUniversity of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia Institute of Clinical Pharmacology University Medical Center GöttingenGöttingenGermany Department of medical Education Augsburg University MedicineAugsburgGermany

Introductory comments:The identification and validation of disease-modifying proteins are fundamental aspects in drug ***,the m ultifactority of n eurodegen era tive diseases poses a real challenge for targeted ***,the behavior of individually(over-)expressed to rget proteins in vitro is likely to differ from their actual functional behavior when embedded in cascades and pathways in vivo.

关键词： translation beyond likely

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On breakthroughs and limits: Resolving structural fine-tuning of photosynthetic supercomplexes

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molecular Plant 2024年第2期17卷 224-226页

作者： Eunchul Kim marcel Dann Division of Environmental Photobiology National Institute for Basic BiologySOKENDAlOkazaki 444-8585Japan Department of Basic Biology The Graduate University for Advanced StudiesSOKENDAlOkazaki 444-8585Japan Bio-Inspired Energy Conversion Technical University of DarmstadtSchnittspahnstraBe 1064287 DarmstadtGermany

Dynamic regulation of photosynthetic supercomplexes is a key strategy allowing plants to adjust their light-harvesting system in response to varying environmental light conditions(Bassi and Dall'Osto,2021).State transition(i.e.,acclimative re-distribution of peripheral antennae between photosystems[PSs]I and II)is one such regulation mechanism that maintains excitation balance between PSl and PSll.

关键词： complexes breakthrough maintain

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Thirteen years to get from b to a:one of the neglected isoforms of IL-37 enters the stage

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Cellular & molecular Immunology 2024年第2期21卷 201-202页

作者： Steven X.Cho Ina Rudloff Andrew m.Ellisdon Claudia A.Nold-Petry marcel F.Nold Ritchie Centre Hudson Institute of Medical ResearchMelbourneVICAustralia Department of Pediatrics Monash UniversityMelbourneVICAustralia Cancer Program Biomedicine Discovery InstituteMonash UniversityMelbourneVICAustralia monash Newborn Monash Children’s HospitalMelbourneVICAustralia

Interleukin(IL)-37 is one of the few anti-inflammatory members of the predominantly pro-inflammatory IL-1 cytokine ***-37 possesses alarmin-like properties[1]and exerts its activities via intracellular[2]as well as cell surface receptor-dependent mechanisms,and the latter involves IL-1R8 and IL-18Rα[3].Because of its powerful and broad-spectrum“peacemaking”[4]functions,considerable efforts have been invested in developing IL-37-based anti-inflammatory therapeutics[5,6].

关键词： Interleukin neglected cytokine

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mycorrhizal fungi mitigate nitrogen losses of an experimental grassland by facilitating plant uptake and soil microbial immobilization

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Pedosphere 2024年第2期34卷 399-410页

作者： Yangyang JIA marcel G.A.VAN DER HEIJDEN Alain Y.VALZANO-HELD markus JOCHER Florian WALDER Postdoctoral mobile Station of Ecology College of Ecology and EnvironmentXinjiang UniversityÜrümqi 830046China Research Group Plant-Soil Interactions AgroscopeZürich 8046Switzerland Research Group Climate and Agriculture AgroscopeZürich 8046Switzerland Department of Plant and microbial Biology University of ZürichZürich 8008Switzerland Research Group Soil Quality and Soil Use AgroscopeZürich 8046Switzerland

Nitrogen(N)is one of the most limited nutrients of terrestrial ecosystems,whose losses are prevented in tightly coupled cycles in finely tuned *** change-induced N enrichment through atmospheric deposition and application of vast amounts of fertilizer are now challenging the terrestrial N *** mycorrhizal fungi(AmF)are known drivers of plant-soil nutrient fluxes,but a comprehensive assessment of AmF involvement in N cycling under global change is still ***,we simulated N enrichment by fertilization(low/high)in experimental grassland microcosms under greenhouse conditions in the presence or absence of AmF and continuously monitored different N pathways over nine *** found that high N enrichment by fertilization decreased the relative abundance of legumes and the plant species dominating the plant community changed from grasses to forbs in the presence of AmF,based on aboveground *** presence of AmF always maintained plant N:phosphorus(P)ratios between 14 and 16,no matter how the soil N availability *** in plant N:P ratios due to the increased plant N and P uptake might thus be a primary pathway of AmF altering plant community ***,we constructed a comprehensive picture of AmF’s role in N cycling,highlighting that AmF reduced N losses primarily by mitigating N leaching,while N_(2)O emissions played a marginal *** mycorrhizal fungi reduced N_(2)O emissions directly through the promotion of N_(2)O-consuming *** underlying mechanism for reducing N leaching is mainly the AmF-mediated improved nutrient uptake and AmF-associated microbial *** results indicate that synergies between AmF and other soil microorganisms cannot be ignored in N cycling and that the integral role of AmF in N cycling terrestrial ecosystems can buffer the upcoming global changes.

关键词： N cycling N enrichment N uptake N:P ratio plant community structure symbiotic soil fungi

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Risk Factors for mortality in Acute Kidney Injury in Intensive Care Units in Togo

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Open Journal of Nephrology 2024年第1期14卷 37-47页

作者： Eyram makafui Yoan Yawo Amekoudi Kossi Akomola Sabi marcel David Keoula Badomta Dolaama Sarakawabalo Assenouwe Tabana mouzou Department of Nephrology Kara University Hospital University of Kara Kara Togo Department of Nephrology and Haemodialysis Sylvanus Olympio University Hospital University of Lome Lomé Togo Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care University Hospital of Kara University of Kara Kara Togo

Context: Acute kidney injury (AKI) in intensive care unit (ICU) is common and associated with very high mortality. In Togo, a tropical country with limited resources and only one nephrology department in the north, acute kidney injury seems to be a real tragedy with high mortality. Aims: to determine risk factors for mortality in acute kidney injury in the intensive care units. methods and material: We made a multicentric cross sectional study during 6 months in the four referral centers in northern Togo. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with mortality. Data were analyzed using RStudio 2023.04.1. Results: A total of 12.6% of patients admitted to intensive care had presented with AKI. The mean age was 49.6 ± 17.9. The sex ratio (m/F) was 2.1. Community-acquired AKI was in the majority (67.7%). Oligo anuria was the most frequent functional sign (38.4%). In our series, 81.6% of patients were in KDIGO stages 2 to 3. AKI was organic in 56.2% of cases. mortality was 44.3%. In multivariate analysis, the main factors predictive of death were: respiratory distress (OR = 2.36;p Conclusions: Acute kidney injury in intensive care is common in northern Togo, and mortality is high. Identification of associated factors should help anticipate prognosis.

关键词： AKI Intensive Care Unit Dialysis Epidemiology Togo

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Broad Hormonal Responses Induced by Aluminum in Roots of Dwarf Transgenics of Solanum lycopersicum L. cv “micro-Tom”

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2024年第5期15卷 349-358页

作者： Arthur B. Rates Daniela Boanares Daniele S. G. Pianetti Felipe Della-Torre Joni E. Lima marcel G. C. França Department of Botany and Plant Physiology Laboratory Federal University of Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte Brazil

The spatial pattern distribution of plant hormones in response to aluminum (Al) toxicity in roots remains to be shown. This study was performed to assess the root hormonal accumulation and gene expression in response to Al toxicity in five transgenic miniature dwarf tomatoes cv. micro-Tom (mT). mT and mT transgenics to acid indole acetic, cytokinin, gibberellin, abscisic acid and ethylene were cultivated in nutrient solutions containing different Al concentrations. Root growth elongation was measured and cellular damage was visualized by staining Evans’s blue. The GUS reporter gene staining technique was used to visualize hormonal changes in mT apex root tissues. Data indicated that the mT is sensitive to Al that induced significant growth inhibition and cellular damage. Al concentration of 27 μm was significantly toxic, inducing root apex darkening and inhibition of root development. The qualitative evaluation of GUS reporter gene expression showed intense crosstalk among all hormones studied, underscoring the complexity of signaling induced by Al in apex roots. Results point out to a major understanding of the hormonal signaling in response to Al toxicity, which may induce a change of root growth and architecture with growth inhibition and cell constraints modulated by all different hormones evaluated.

关键词： Gene Reporter metal Plant Hormones Root Staining

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狐狸界的“妲己” 赤狐近亲相残究竟为什么？

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环球人文地理 2024年第5期 74-81页

作者：鲨鲨张扬的小强滕洪亮 m.Leonard Photo marcel Rudolph-Gajda Kcapaldo mihiro＿wildlife Zyabich vladk213

因美丽而招致杀身之祸，为生存而近亲相残。狐狸界的妲己——赤狐，到底是祥瑞，还是祸水？从古至今，民间流传的神话传说、志怪传记都少不了狐狸们的身影。早在远古时期，华夏领袖大禹的妻子涂山九尾狐还是正面形象，可随后一个全然相...

因美丽而招致杀身之祸，为生存而近亲相残。狐狸界的妲己——赤狐，到底是祥瑞，还是祸水？从古至今，民间流传的神话传说、志怪传记都少不了狐狸们的身影。早在远古时期，华夏领袖大禹的妻子涂山九尾狐还是正面形象，可随后一个全然相反的狐狸形象诞生——妲己，她的知名度远远超过涂山氏，并在一定程度上定义了狐狸的妖媚概念。

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Hydroelectrolytic and Energetic Replenisher in Horses Undergoing marcha Training

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Open Journal of Veterinary medicine 2024年第8期14卷 203-216页

作者： José D. Ribeiro Filho Bruna m. Ribeiro micheline O. Silva Samuel R. Alves Anaïs C. Benitez Waleska m. F. Dantas marcel F. B. Avanza Raffaella B. C. Teixeira Pedro Ancelmo N. Ermita Laice A. Silva Rinaldo B. Viana Hélio C. manso Filho Department of Veterinary Federal University of Viosa Viosa Brazil Institute of Studies of the Wet Tropic Federal University of Southern and Southeastern Par Xinguara Brazil Department of Veterinary Clinic and Surgery Federal University of Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte Brazil Institute of Animal Health and Production Federal Rural University of Amazonia Belm Brazil Zootecnics Department Federal Rural University of Pernambuco Recife Brazil

The study aimed to assess the clinical, laboratory, and blood gas analysis of horses undergoing marcha training and the effects of voluntary ingestion of hydroelectrolytic and energy replenishers after exercise. Eight horses of both genders aged between 5 and 10 years, were included in the study. The exercise consisted of a 10-min warm-up followed by 45 min uninterrupted marcha on a flat dirt track in the morning. After exercise, the horses received one of the following treatments: Drinking water (control group);Hydroelectrolytic and energy replenisher containing sodium chloride, potassium chloride, calcium acetate, magnesium chloride, sodium citrate, dextrose, maltodextrin, and sucrose in three different concentrations (Replenishers A, B, and C). The horses were distributed across the four treatments in a 4 × 4 Latin Squares design using a Split-plot system with 48-hr intervals. Clinical and laboratory evaluations were conducted at four time points: T0 - 5 min before exercise;T1 - up to 5 min after exercise;T2 - 2 hr after starting treatment;and T4 - 4 hr after beginning treatment. Concentrations of urea, creatinine, lactate, phosphorus, and ionized calcium significantly changed after exercise. An increase in blood pH and a decrease in chloride concentrations were observed when replenishers B and C were offered after exercise. The replacements were ingested spontaneously by the animals in a volume greater than that of the control group (water). Replacement B was the most ingested by the animals, demonstrating its greatest potential.

关键词： Dehydration Electrolyte Replacement Exercise Rehydration Voluntary Intake

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Honey Dressing of Cutaneous Wounds on Limbs in the Traumatology Orthopaedics Department of Bouaké University Hospital

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Open Journal of Orthopedics 2024年第9期14卷 411-420页

作者： Achié Jean-Régis Akobe Aya Adélaide Natacha Kouassi Ibrahim Soumahoro Zolopégué marcel Soro Sedy Louess De Randolphe Akpro Bakary Traoré Almamy Kamate Axel Fabrice Essehin Yao Aboh Ganyn Robert Arnaud Assere Lanciné Kaba Kouamé Innocent m’bra Loukou Blaise Yao Bada Justin Léopold Niaoré Sery Koffi Léopold Krah michel Kodo Orthopaedics-Traumatology Department of the University Hospital of Bouak Bouak Ivory Coast Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Department of the University Hospital of Bouak Bouak Ivory Coast

The study evaluated the effectiveness of honey dressings in healing recent skin wounds with soft tissue loss on limbs. Conducted over a year with 60 patients, results showed a significant reduction in wound size and early healing, with complete recovery on average within 29 days. The study supports honey as a viable wound treatment.

关键词： Healing Honey Limbs Loss of Substances

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