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Bacteriological Profile of Infections Encountered in a Pneumology Service in a Moderate-Income Country [Pneumology Department of CHU Cocody (Côte d’Ivoire)]

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Open Journal of Respiratory Diseases 2024年第1期14卷 1-11页

作者： Brou Jean marcel Ahui Alitonde Eudoxie Djegbeton Alima Kone Marc-Olivier Koffi Kouame Clarisse Elogne Mobio Nancy Hermine Benjamin Kouraogo Erick Akouatia Constante Virginie Brou-Gode Kigninlman Horo Boko Alexandre Kouassi Ngoran Koffi Pneumology Service Teaching Hospital of Cocody Abidjan C&#244te d’Ivoire Medical School of Abidjan University Félix Houphou&#235t Boigny Abidjan C&#244te d’Ivoire Pasteur Institute of Cô te d’Ivoire Abidjan C&#244te d’Ivoire

Introduction: Infections represent a real public health problem aggravating the morbidity and mortality of hospitalized patients. Methods: This was a retrospective study with descriptive purposes over a period of 05 years, in the Pneumology Department of the University Hospital of Cocody. Results: The average age in our population was 42 years. We observed a male predo- minance of 64.5%, with a sex ratio of 1.8. Medical history was dominated by HIV infection (23.5%), followed by tuberculosis (15.6%). Concerning lifestyle, smoking was found in 38% of cases. Symptoms progressed chronically in 80% of cases. An infectious syndrome was found in 75% of cases. Microbial culture was positive in 42% of cases. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae were encountered in 26.4% of cases each, followed by Echerichia coli in 10.4% of cases. Klebsiella pneumoniae in the first three years topped the list, but gradually. Pseudomonas aeruginosa maintained its leadership over the last three years. Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates expressed a resistance rate of 9.8% to ceftazidime and 8.1% to imipenem;to aztreonam (36%), ticarcillin (33.3%) and levofloxacin. These strains were susceptible to fosfomycin (100%), mero- penem (96.6%) and amikacin (96%). For isolated strains of Entero- bacteria- ceae, resistance was observed about ticarcillin (83.3%) and amoxicillin clavula- nic acid (71.2%). Streptococcaceae showed resistance to tetracycline (69.2%) and erythromycin (50%). Over the years there has been an increase in re- sistance to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid ceftriaxone. The death rate was 14%. Conclusion: The bacterial profile of infections is dominated by germs respon- sible for nosocomial infection with significant mortality.

关键词： Bacterial Pleural Pneumonia Nosocomial Infection Sub-Saharan Africa Antibiotic Therapy

Contribution of Genomic Surveillance in the Detection and Monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 Variants during the 6 Pandemic Waves in the Central African Republic from 2020 to 2023

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Journal of Tuberculosis Research 2024年第3期12卷 151-164页

作者： Clotaire Donatien Rafaï Ernest Lango-Yaya Marie Roseline Darnicka Belizaire Ouoko Fa-Ti-Gbia Maurel Annicet Adonis marcel Mbeko Simaleko Jean-Baptiste Roungou Oscar Senzongo Karl G. Njuwa Fai Boniface Koffi National Laboratory of Clinical Biology and Public Health of Bangui Bangui Republic Central African University of Bangui Bangui Central African Republic World Health Organization Geneva Switzerland Ministry of Health and Population Bangui Central African Republic Africa CDC Addis-Abeba Ethiopia Homegrown Solutions for Health Yaounde Cameroon

Objective: The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the need to strengthen diagnosis and genomic surveillance capacities. In 2021, Central African managed five waves of COVID-19 by integrating genomic surveillance into their health monitoring system. This study sought to report surveillance data from the National Laboratory of Clinical Biology and Public Health and describe the circulation of SARS-CoV-2 variants. Materials and Methods: This retrospective, descriptive observational study spans three years, from April 2020 to November 2023. It was conducted on a population of consenting volunteers from across the Central African Republic, who were tested using RT-PCR on nasopharyngeal samples. Data with sufficient information were obtained from the National Laboratory of Clinical Biology and Public Health (LNBCSP) databases. Sequencing was largely carried out at the National Institute of Biomedical Research (INRB) in Kinshasa until May 2023, and subsequently at the LNBCSP. Results and Discussion: Out of 97,864 RT-PCR tests performed, 9,764 were positive, resulting in a prevalence of 9.98%. The average age of the patients was 39.97 years ± 13.76, and the male-to-female sex ratio was 2.12. RT-PCR test positivity was significantly associated with age (p = 0.001), sex (p = 0.013) and clinical manifestations. Ten variants circulated during the five recorded waves, with Omicron (B.1.1.529), Delta (B.1.617.2) variants being predominant. Notably, the B.1.620 and B.640 variants were prominent during the second wave. Conclusion: This retrospective study provides key insights into the COVID-19 pandemic in the CAR. It identifies risk factors and details the circulation of various SARS-CoV-2 variants. Enhancing national genomic surveillance capacities would enable the country to better respond to future pandemic challenges.

关键词： SARS-CoV-2 Variants Central African Republic RT-PCR

New perspectives for investigating respiratory failure induced by cervical spinal cord injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2014年第22期9卷 1949-1951页

作者： marcel Bonay Stéphane Vinit Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines Unité End:icapUFR des Sciences de la Santé–Simone Veil78180 Montigny-le-BretonneuxFrance Service de Physiologie-Explorations Fonctionnelles H?pital Ambroise Paré Assistance Publique-H?pitaux de Paris(AP-HP)Groupe Hospitalier Paris Ile-de-France Ouest92104 BoulogneBillancourtFrance

Traumatic cervical spinal cord injury （SCI）, with an annual incidence of 12,000 new cases in USA （NSCISC 2013）, causes devastating locomotor and respiratory paralysis and unfortunately compromises the human patient＇s lifespan. The severity of the injury depends on the degree and the extent of the initial trauma. In fact, respiratory failure is the leading cause of mortality following upper cervical SCI. However, 80% of the injuries are incomplete, allowing some modest spontaneous recovery. To date, no effective treatment is available in order to restore the loss of function.

关键词： SCI New perspectives for investigating respiratory failure induced by cervical spinal cord injury CPP

POLIII-derived non-coding RNAs acting as scaffolds and decoys

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Journal of Molecular Cell Biology 2019年第10期11卷 880-885页

作者： HendrikTauber Stefan Huttelmaier marcel Kohn Institute of Molecular Medicine Section for Molecular Cell BiologyFaculty of MedicineMartin Luther University Halle-WittenbergCharles Tan ford Protein CentreKurt-Mothes-Str.3a06120 HalleGermany Julius Bernstein Institute of Physiology Faculty of MedicineMartin Luther University Halle-WittenbergCharles Tan ford Protein CentreKurt-Mothes-Str.3a06120 HalleGermany

A large variety of eukaryotic small structured POLIII-derived non-coding RNAs(ncRNAs)have been described in the ***,for only few,e.g.7SL and H1/MRP families,cellular functions are well *** the vast majority of these transcripts,cellular functions remain *** findings on the role ofY RNAs and other POLIII-derived ncRNAs suggest an evolutionarily conserved function of these ncRNAs in the assembly and function of ribonucleoprotein complexes(RNPs).These RNPs provide cellular‘machineries’,which are essential for guiding the fate and function of a variety of *** this review,we summarize current knowledge on the role of POLIII-derived ncRNAs in the assembly and function of *** propose that these ncRNAs serve as scaffolding factors that‘chaperone’RNA-binding proteins(RBPs)to form functional *** addition or associated with this role,some small ncRNAs act as molecular decoys impairing the RBP-guided control of RNA fate by competing with other RNA *** suggests that POLIII-derived ncRNAs serve essential and conserved roles in the assembly of larger RNPs and thus the control of gene expression by indirectly guiding the fate of mRNAs and IncRNAs.

关键词： ncRNA POLIII RBP scaffold RBP decoy

Fused in sarcoma-amyotrophic lateral sclerosis as a novel member of DNA single strand break diseases with pure neurological phenotypes

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Neural Regeneration Research 2021年第1期16卷 110-112页

作者： marcel Naumann Julian Laubenthal Andreas Hermann Translational Neurodegeneration Section“Albrecht-Kossel” Department of NeurologyUniversity Medical Center RostockUniversity of RostockRostockGermany German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases(DZNE)Rostock/Greifswald Center for Transdisciplinary Neurosciences Rostock(CTNR)University Medical Center RostockUniversity of RostockRostockGermany

Accumulation of DNA damage and genomic instability are believed to have crucial effects in neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer’s disease,Parkinson’s disease,Huntington’s disease,premature aging diseases as well as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS)and frontotemporal dementia(FTD).Until recently these studies were largely correlative in nature,though raising the possibility that defects in the DNA damage response(DDR)underlie neurodegenerative diseases.

关键词： diseases Huntington amyotrophic

The integration of climate change,spatial dynamics,and habitat fragmentation:A conceptual overview

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Integrative Zoology 2016年第1期11卷 40-59页

作者： marcel HOLYOAK Sacha K.HEATH Department of Environmental Science and Policy University of California1 Shields AvenueDavis CA 95616USA Graduate Group in Ecology University of California1 Shields AvenueDavis CA 95616USA

A growing number of studies have looked at how climate change alters the effects of habitat fragmentation and degradation on both single and multiple species;some raise concern that biodiversity loss and its effects will be *** published literature on spatial dynamics(such as dispersal and metapopulation dynamics),habitat fragmentation and climate change requires synthesis and a conceptual framework to simplify *** propose a framework that integrates how climate change affects spatial population dynamics and the effects of habitat fragmentation in terms of:(i)habitat quality,quantity and distribution;(ii)habitat connectivity;and(iii)the dynamics of habitat *** use the framework to categorize existing autecological studies and investigate how each is affected by anthropogenic climate *** is clear that a changing climate produces changes in the geographic distribution of climatic conditions,and the amount and quality of *** most thorough published studies show how such changes impact metapopulation persistence,source-sink dynamics,changes in species’geographic range and community ***-related changes in movement behavior and quantity,quality and distribution of habitat have also produced empirical changes in habitat connectivity for some *** underexplored area is how habitat dynamics that are driven by climatic processes will affect species that live in dynamic *** end our discussion by suggesting ways to improve current attempts to integrate climate change,spatial population dynamics and habitat fragmentation effects,and suggest distinct areas of study that might provide opportunities for more fully integrative work.

关键词： global change global climate change habitat fragmentation metapopulation spatial dynamics.

Aggregated morphodynamic modelling of tidal inlets and estuaries

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Water Science and Engineering 2020年第1期13卷 1-13页

作者： Zheng Bing Wang Ian Townend marcel Stive Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences Delft University of TechnologyDelft 2600 GAthe Netherlands College of Harbor Coastal and Offshore EngineeringHohai UniversityNanjing 210098China Unit of Marine and Coastal Systems DeltaresDelft 2600 MHthe Netherlands School of Ocean and Earth Sciences University of SouthamptonSouthampton SO143ZHUK

Aggregation is used to represent the real world in a model at an appropriate level of *** used the convection-diffusion equation to examine the implications of aggregation progressing from a three-dimensional(3D)spatial description to a model representing a system as a single box that exchanges sediment with the adjacent *** highlight how all models depend on some forms of parametric closure,which need to be chosen to suit the scale of aggregation adopted in the *** such models are therefore aggregated and make use of some empirical relationships to deal with sub-scale *** such appropriately aggregated model,the model for the aggregated scale morphological interaction between tidal basin and adjacent coast(ASMITA),is examined in more detail and used to illustrate the insight that this level of aggregation can bring to a problem by considering how tidal inlets and estuaries are impacted by sea level rise.

关键词： Tidal inlet and estuary Morphodynamic modelling Aggregation Temporal and spatial scales Sea level rise Sediment transport

Saussurean Sign Theory in the Human Sciences Today

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Language and Semiotic Studies 2022年第1期8卷 55-72页

作者： marcel Danesi University of Toronto Canada

As is well known,modern semiotic theory is based on two models of the sign—the Saussurean and the *** the latter has been shown to be much more tenable as a theory of semiosis,the Saussurean model cannot be totally ignored,not only because it was an initial attempt to define signs in a social-conventional way,but was also a basis upon which signification has been extended today in the human *** paper looks at the latter aspect of Saussurean theory.

关键词： sign theory human sciences structure binarism opposition theory

Forensic Semiotics: A Note on Applying Semiotics to the Study of Crime

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Language and Semiotic Studies 2019年第1期5卷 1-20页

作者： marcel Danesi University of Toronto

The scientific study of crime comes under the general categories of forensic science and criminology, which include a large set of related branches, from forensic psychology to computer forensics. The emergence of forensic semiotics as part of this interdisciplinary amalgam is relatively unknown among both criminologists and semioticians. This paper provides an overview of the main objectives of forensic semiotics and its importance to the study of crime. One of the premises of forensic semiotics is that there is a thematic and interpretive continuity between actual crimes and their fictional representations. Actually, contemporary semiotics itself can be seen to start with Peirce's interest in detective fiction, from which he developed several of his key ideas, including the theory of abduction. This paper also discusses some case studies that have been carried out under the rubric of forensic semiotics, which indicate the relevance of semiotic analysis to the study of crime.

关键词： forensic science detective story abduction crime MaΡa semiotics