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Palatability and profitability of co-occurring seeds alter indirect interactions among rodent-dispersed trees

Integrative Zoology 2022年第2期17卷 206-216页

作者： Zhishu XIAO marcel HOLYOAK Charles J.KREBS Xiaoqun HUANG State Key Laboratory of Integrated management of Pest Insects and Rodents in Agriculture Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesChina University of Chinese Academy of Sciences BeijingChina Department of Environmental Science and Policy University of CaliforniaDavisUSA Department of Zoology University of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada

Beyond direct species interactions,seed dispersal is potentially affected by indirect seed–seed interactions among co-occurring nut-bearing trees which are mediated by scatter-hoarding animals as shared seed dispersers.A relevant question in such systems is to what extent different functional traits related to food palatability and profitability affect the kinds of indirect interactions that occur among co-occurring seeds,and the consequences for seed *** used field experiments to track seed dispersal with individually tagged seeds in both monospecific and mixed seed *** measured indirect effects based on 3 seed–seed species pairs from the family Fagaceae with contrasting seed size,tannin level,and dormancy in a subtropical forest in Southwest *** all else was equal,the presence of adjacently placed seeds with contrasting seed traits created different indirect effects measured through a variety of dispersal-related *** mutualism was reciprocal due to increasing seed dispersal in mixed seed patches with mixed differences in seed tannins and ***,differences in either seed size or dormancy in co-occurring adjacently placed seeds caused apparent competition with reduced seed removal or seed dispersal(distance)in at least one *** study supports the hypothesis that different functional traits related to food palatability and profitability in co-occurring seeds modify foraging decisions of scatter-hoarding animals,and subsequently cause indirect effects on seed dispersal among rodent-dispersed *** conclude that such indirect effects mediated by shared seed dispersers may act as an important determinant of seed dispersal for co-fruiting animal-dispersed trees in many natural forests.

关键词： dispersal distance functional trait scatter-hoarding rodents seed dispersal trait-mediated indirect interactions

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Transcriptional responses of Brassica nigra to feeding by specialist insects of different feeding guilds

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Insect Science 2011年第3期18卷 259-272页

作者： Colette Broekgaarden Roeland E. Voorrips marcel Dicke Ben Vosman Wageningen UR Plant Breeding Plant Research International B.V. Wageningen Laboratory of Entomology Wageningen University Wageningen the Netherlands

Plants show phenotypic changes when challenged with herbivorous insects. The mechanisms underlying these changes include the activation of transcriptional responses, which are dependent on the attacking insect. most transcriptomic studies on crucifer-insect interactions have focused on the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, a species that faces low herbivore pressure in nature. Here, we study the transcriptional responses of plants from a wild black mustard （Brassica nigra） population to herbivores of different feeding guilds using an A. thaliana-based whole-genome microarray that has previously been shown to be suitable for transcriptomic analyses in Brassica. Transcriptional responses of B. nigra after infestation with either Pieris rapae caterpillars or Brevicoryne brassicae aphids are analyzed and compared. Additionally, the insect-induced expression changes of some individual genes are analyzed through quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The results show that feeding by both insect species results in the accumulation of transcripts encoding proteins involved in the detoxification of reactive oxygen species, defensive proteins and glucosinolates and this is correlated with experimental evidence in the literature on such biochemical effects. Although genes encoding proteins involved in similar processes are regulated by both insects, there was little overlap in the induction or repression of individual genes. Furthermore, P. rapae and B. brassicae seem to affect different phytohormone signaling pathways. In conclusion, our results indicate that B. nigra activates several defense-related genes in response to P rapae or B. brassicae feeding, but that the response is dependent on the attacking insect species.

关键词： Brassica nigra Brevicoryne brassicae direct defense microarray Pieris rapae

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Anal plugs and retrograde colonic irrigation are helpful in fecal incontinence or constipation

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2007年第22期13卷 3101-3105页

作者： marcel Cazemier Richelle JF Felt-Bersma Chris JJ mulder Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology VU University Medical Center Postbus 7057 1007 MB Amsterdam The Netherlands

AIm： To evaluate the feasibility, clinical effect and predicting factors for favorable outcome of treatment with anal plugs in fecal incontinence and retrograde colonic irrigation （RCI） in patients with fecal incontinence or constipation.mETHODS： Patients who received treatment with an anal plug or RCI between 1980 and 2005 were investigated with a questionnaire.RESULTS： Of the 201 patients （93 adults, 108 children）, 101 （50%） responded. Adults： anal plugs （8）, five stopped immediately, one stopped after 20 mo and two used it for 12-15 too. RCl （40, 28 fecal incontinence, 12 constipation）, 63% are still using it （mean 8.5 years）, 88% was satisfied. Younger adults （〈 40 years） were more satisfied with RCI （94 % vs 65%, P = 0.05）. Children： anal plugs （7）, 5 used it on demand for an average of 2.5 years with satisfactory results, one stopped immediately and one after 5 years. RCI （26 fecal incontinence, 22 constipation）, 90% are still using it （mean time 6.8 years） and felt satisfied. Children tend to be more satisfied （P = 0.001）. Besides age, no predictive factors for success were found. There was no difference in the outcome between patients with fecal incontinence or constipation.CONCLUSION： RCI is more often applied than anal plugs and is helpful in patients with fecal incontinence or constipation, especially for younger patients. Anal plugs can be used incidentally for fecal incontinence, especially in children.

关键词： Fecal incontinence Constipation Retrograde colonic irrigation Anal plug

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Evaluation of 1031 primary titanium nitride coated mobile bearing total knee arthroplasties in an orthopedic clinic

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2017年第12期8卷 922-928页

作者： Stefan J m Breugem Jeroen Linnartz Inger Sierevelt Jon D Bruijn marcel J m Driessen Orthopedium Orthopedic Clinic Slotervaart Hospital

AIm To evaluate the influence of the titanium nitride(TiN) coating on the results of a total knee arthroplasty(TKA). mETHODS A total of 910 patients(338 men; 572 woman), with a mean age of 65(range 36-94) undergoing 1031 primary TKAs were assessed. Clinical evaluation and patientreported outcomes were gathered one year after surgery. The questionnaires included the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score(KOOS)-Dutch version, Visual Analogue Scale(VAS) pain scores in rest and during active knee movement, VAS-satisfaction scores, and EQ-5 D-3 L health scores. This was aimed to assess the overall knee function and patient satisfaction, and to enable us to make a gross comparison to other *** At a mean follow-up of 46 mo(range 1-92) the overall implant survival was 97.7% and 95.1% for any operative reason related to the implant. Twenty-three knees(2.2%) required revision surgery. Arthrofibrosis was the most common indication for a re-operation. The clinical evaluation and patient-reported outcomes revealed good to excellent patient satisfaction and function of the arthroplasty. The median postoperative VAS-pain scores on a scale of 0-100, at one year after surgery were 1 in rest and 2 during *** The Ti N coated, mobile bearing TKA results are excellent and similar to those of other widely used TKA designs. Residual pain of the knee remains a concern and the Ti N coating in combination with the mobile bearing does not seem to be the simple solution to this problem. Future research will have to show that the coating gives a better survival than the cobalt chrome version.

关键词： Total knee arthroplasty Titanium nitride coating mobile bearing Pain Satisfaction and survival

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Investigation of Combustion of Emulated Biogas in a Gas Turbine Test Rig

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Journal of Thermal Science 2018年第4期27卷 331-340页

作者： Agustin VALERA-mEDINA Anthony GILES Daniel PUGH Steve mORRIS marcel POHL Andreas ORTWEIN Cardiff University Queen's Building Cardiff CF24 3AA United Kingdom DBFZ Deutsches Biomasseforschungszentrum gemeinnutzige GmbH Leipzig 04347 Germany Hochschule merseburg Department Engineering and Natural Sciences Merseburg 06217 Germany

Combustion of biogas in gas turbines is an interesting option for provision of renewable combined heat and power from biomass. Due to an increasing share of fluctuating renewable energies in the power grid(especially from wind and solar power), flexible power generation is of increasing importance. Additionally, with an increasing share of agricultural and municipal waste in biogas production, biogas composition is expected to be within a broader range. In this paper, the combustion of synthetic biogas(carbon dioxide and methane) in a combustion test rig with a swirl burner and a high pressure optical chamber is researched at different conditions. Results are compared to a CHEmKIN-PRO simulation using a detailed reaction mechanism. The results show that within the researched experimental matrix, stable biogas combustion for gas turbines can be achieved even with significantly changing gas composition and nominal power. Carbon dioxide concentration is varied from 0 to 60%. CO concentrations(normalized to 15% O_2) in the flue gas do not change significantly with increasing carbon dioxide in the fuel gas and, for the researched conditions, stayed below 10 ppm. NO_x concentration is below 10 ppm(normalized to 15% O_2) for pure methane, and is further decreasing with increasing carbon dioxide share in the fuel gas, which is mainly due to changing reaction paths as reaction analysis showed. Thermal load of the combustor is varied from 100% to 20% for the reference gas composition. With decreasing thermal load, normalized carbon monoxide flue gas concentration is further reduced, while NOx concentrations are remaining at a similar level around 5 ppm(normalized to 15% O_2).

关键词： gas turbine biogas combustion test chemiluminescence

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