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Impact. of PI3K/prot.in kinase B pat.way act.vat.on in react.ve ast.ocyt.s: from det.iment.l effect. t. prot.ct.ve funct.ons

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neural Regenerat.on Research 2025年第4期20卷 1031-1041页

作者： Ramón Pérez-núñez mar.a Fernanda González Ana mar.a Avalos Liset.e Leyt.n Cellular Communicat.on Laborat.ry Programa de Biología Celular y MolecularCenter for Studies on ExerciseMetabolism and Cancer(CEMC)Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas(ICBM)Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad de ChileSantiagoChile Advanced Cent.r for Chronic Diseases(ACCDiS) Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences&Faculty of MedicineUniversidad de ChileSantiagoChile Inst.t.t. de Ciencias Biomédicas Facultad de Ciencias de la SaludUniversidad Autónoma de ChileSantiagoChile

Ast.ocyt.s are t.e most.abundant.t.pe of glial cell in t.e cent.al nervous *** injury and inflammat.on,ast.ocyt.s become react.ve and undergo morphological and funct.onal *** on t.eir phenot.pic classificat.on as A1 or A2,react.ve ast.ocyt.s cont.ibut. t. bot. neurot.xic and neuroprot.ct.ve responses,***,t.is binary classificat.on does not.fully capt.re t.e diversit. of ast.ocyt. responses observed across different.diseases and *** analysis has revealed t.at.react.ve ast.ocyt.s have a complex landscape of gene expression profiles,which emphasizes t.e het.rogeneous nat.re of t.eir *** act.vely part.cipat. in regulat.ng cent.al nervous syst.m inflammat.on by int.ract.ng wit. microglia and ot.er cell t.pes,releasing cyt.kines,and influencing t.e immune *** phosphoinosit.de 3-kinase(PI3K)/prot.in kinase B(AKt.signaling pat.way is a cent.al player in ast.ocyt. react.vit. and impact. various aspect. of ast.ocyt. behavior,as evidenced by in silico,in vit.o,and in vivo *** ast.ocyt.s,inflammat.ry cues t.igger a cascade of molecular event.,where nuclear fact.r-κB serves as a cent.al mediat.r of t.e pro-inflammat.ry ***,we review t.e het.rogeneit. of react.ve ast.ocyt.s and t.e molecular mechanisms underlying t.eir *** highlight.t.e involvement.of various signaling pat.ways t.at.regulat. ast.ocyt. react.vit.,including t.e PI3K/AKt.mammalian t.rget.of rapamycin(mt.R),αvβ3 int.grin/PI3K/AKt.connexin 43,and not.h/PI3K/AKt.*** t.rget.ng t.e inact.vat.on of t.e PI3K/AKt.cellular signaling pat.way t. cont.ol react.ve ast.ocyt.s and prevent.cent.al nervous syst.m damage,evidence suggest. t.at.act.vat.ng t.is pat.way could also yield beneficial *** dual funct.on of t.e PI3K/AKt.pat.way underscores it. complexit. in ast.ocyt. react.vit. and brain funct.on *** review emphasizes t.e import.nce of employing ast.ocyt.-exclusive models t. underst

关键词： inflammat.on int.grins neuroprot.ct.ve neurot.xic phosphat.dylinosit.l 3-kinase react.ve ast.ocyt.s signal t.ansduct.on t.y-1(CD90)

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Ast.ocyt.s, react.ve ast.ogliosis, and glial scar format.on in t.aumat.c brain injury

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neural Regenerat.on Research 2025年第4期20卷 973-989页

作者： mar.a Belén Cieri Albert. Javier Ramos Laborat.rio de neuropat.logía Molecular IBCN UBA-CONICETFacultad de MedicinaUniversidad de Buenos AiresBuenos AiresArgentina

t.aumat.c brain injury is a global healt. crisis,causing significant.deat. and disabilit. *** t.at.follows t.aumat.c brain injury has serious consequences for neuronal survival and cognit.ve impairment.,wit. ast.ocyt.s involved in t.is *** t.aumat.c brain injury,ast.ocyt.s rapidly become react.ve,and ast.ogliosis propagat.s from t.e injury core t. dist.nt.brain *** ast.oglial prot.ins are downregulat.d near t.e t.aumat.c brain injury core,while pro-inflammat.ry ast.oglial genes are *** alt.red gene expression is considered a pat.ological remodeling of ast.ocyt.s t.at.produces serious consequences for neuronal survival and cognit.ve *** addit.on,glial scar formed by react.ve ast.ocyt.s is init.ally necessary t. limit.immune cell infilt.at.on,but.in t.e long t.rm impedes axonal reconnect.on and funct.onal *** t.erapeut.c st.at.gies for t.aumat.c brain injury are focused on prevent.ng acut. ***,cannabinoids,progest.rone,bet.-blockers,and cerebrolysin demonst.at. neuroprot.ct.ve benefit. but.most.of t.em have not.been st.died in t.e cont.xt.of *** t.is review,we discuss t.e cell signaling pat.ways act.vat.d in react.ve ast.ocyt.s following t.aumat.c brain injury and we discuss some of t.e pot.nt.al new st.at.gies aimed t. modulat. ast.oglial responses in t.aumat.c brain injury,especially using cell-t.rget.d st.at.gies wit. miRnAs or lncRnA,viral vect.rs,and repurposed drugs.

关键词： ast.ocyt. glial scar innat. immunit. neuroinflammat.on st.b injury t.ll-like recept.rs

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Different.al response of injured and healt.y ret.nas t. syngeneic and allogeneic t.ansplant.t.on of a clonal cell line of immort.lized olfact.ry ensheat.ing glia:a double-edged sword

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neural Regenerat.on Research 2025年第8期20卷 2395-2407页

作者： mar.a nort.-Muñoz mar.a Port.la-Lomba Paloma Sobrado-Calvo Diana Simón Johnny Di Pierdomenico Alejandro Gallego-Ort.ga mar Pérez JoséMCabrera-Maqueda Javier Sierra Manuel Vidal-Sanz mar.a t.resa Moreno-Flores mar.a Agudo-Barriuso Grupo de Invest.gación Oft.lmología Experiment.l Departamento de OftalmologíaOptometríaOtorrinolaringología y Anatomía PatológicaFacultad de MedicinaUniversidad de MurciaInstituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria(IMIB)Campus de Ciencias de la SaludMurciaSpain Experiment.l Sciences Facult. Universidad Francisco de VitoriaPozuelo de AlarcónMadridSpain Anat.my Histology and Neuroscience DepartmentMedicine FacultyUniversidad Autónoma de MadridMadridSpain Cent.r of neuroimmunology Service of NeurologyLaboratory of Advanced Imaging in Neuroimmunological DiseasesHospital Clínic of BarcelonaInstitut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer(IDIBAPS)and Universitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain Medicine Facult. Universidad Francisco de VitoriaPozuelo de AlarcónMadridSpain

Olfact.ry ensheat.ing glia promot. axonal regenerat.on in t.e mammalian cent.al nervous syst.m,including ret.nal ganglion cell axonal growt. t.rough t.e injured opt.c ***,it.is unknown whet.er olfact.ry ensheat.ing glia also have neuroprot.ct.ve *** ensheat.ing glia express brain-derived neurot.ophic fact.r,one of t.e best.neuroprot.ct.nt. for axot.mized ret.nal ganglion ***,we aimed t. invest.gat. t.e neuroprot.ct.ve capacit. of olfact.ry ensheat.ng glia aft.r opt.c nerve *** ensheat.ing glia cells from an est.blished rat.immort.lized clonal cell line,t.G3,were int.avit.eally inject.d in int.ct.and axot.mized ret.nas in syngeneic and allogeneic mode wit. or wit.out.microglial inhibit.on or immunosuppressive *** and gene expression analyses were *** bulb-derived primary olfact.ry ensheat.ing glia and t.G3 express major hist.compat.bilit. complex classⅡ*** and syngenically t.ansplant.d t.G3 cells survived in t.e vit.eous for up t. 21 days,forming an *** axot.mized ret.nas,only t.e allogeneic t.G3 t.ansplant.rescued ret.nal ganglion cells at.7 days but.not.at.21 *** t.ese ret.nas,microglial anat.mical act.vat.on was higher t.an aft.r opt.c nerve crush *** int.ct.ret.nas,bot. t.ansplant. act.vat.d microglial cells and caused ret.nal ganglion cell deat. at.21 days,a loss t.at.was higher aft.r allot.ansplant.t.on,t.iggered by pyropt.sis and part.ally rescued by microglial inhibit.on or ***,neuroprot.ct.on of axot.mized ret.nal ganglion cells did not.improve wit. t.ese *** different.neuroprot.ct.ve propert.es,different.t.xic effect.,and different.responses t. microglial inhibit.ry t.eat.ent. of olfact.ry ensheat.ing glia in t.e ret.na depending on t.e t.pe of t.ansplant.highlight.t.e import.nce of t.orough preclinical st.dies t. explore t.ese variables.

关键词： cell t.erapy immune recognit.on major hist.compat.bilit. complex class II(MHCII) neuroprot.ct.on olfact.ry ensheat.ing glia ret.nal ganglion cells

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t.e emerging role of mesenchymal st.m cell-derived ext.acellular vesicles t. ameliorat. hippocampal nLRP3 inflammat.on induced by binge-like et.anol t.eat.ent.in adolescence

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neural Regenerat.on Research 2025年第4期20卷 1153-1163页

作者： Susana Mellado mar.a JoséMorillo-Bargues Carla Perpiñá-Clérigues Francisco García-García Vict.ria Moreno-Manzano Consuelo Guerri mar.a Pascual Depart.ent.of Physiology School of Medicine and DentistryUniversity of ValenciaValenciaSpain Bioinformat.cs and Biost.t.st.cs Unit Príncipe Felipe Research CenterValenciaSpain neuronal and t.ssue Regenerat.on Laborat.ry Príncipe Felipe Research CenterValenciaSpain

Our previous st.dies have report.d t.at.act.vat.on of t.e nLRP3(nOD-,LRR-and pyrin domain-cont.ining prot.in 3)-inflammasome complex in et.anol-t.eat.d ast.ocyt.s and chronic alcohol-fed mice could be associat.d wit. neuroinflammat.on and brain *** st.m cell-derived ext.acellular vesicles(MSC-EVs)have been shown t. rest.re t.e neuroinflammat.ry response,along wit. myelin and synapt.c st.uct.ral alt.rat.ons in t.e prefront.l cort.x,and alleviat. cognit.ve and memory dysfunct.ons induced by binge-like et.anol t.eat.ent.in adolescent.*** t.e t.erapeut.c role of t.e molecules cont.ined in mesenchymal st.m cell-derived ext.acellular vesicles,t.e present.st.dy analyzed whet.er t.e administ.at.on of mesenchymal st.m cell-derived ext.acellular vesicles isolat.d from adipose t.ssue,which inhibit.d t.e act.vat.on of t.e nLRP3 inflammasome,was capable of reducing hippocampal neuroinflammat.on in adolescent.mice t.eat.d wit. binge *** demonst.at.d t.at.t.e administ.at.on of mesenchymal st.m cell-derived ext.acellular vesicles ameliorat.d t.e act.vat.on of t.e hippocampal nLRP3 inflammasome complex and ot.er nLRs inflammasomes(e.g.,pyrin domain-cont.ining 1,caspase recruit.ent.domain-cont.ining 4,and absent.in melanoma 2,as well as t.e alt.rat.ons in inflammat.ry genes(int.rleukin-1β,int.rleukin-18,inducible nit.ic oxide synt.ase,nuclear fact.r-kappa B,monocyt. chemoat.ract.nt.prot.in-1,and C–X3–C mot.f chemokine ligand 1)and miRnAs(miR-21a-5p,miR-146a-5p,and miR-141-5p)induced by binge-like et.anol t.eat.ent.in adolescent.*** analysis furt.er revealed t.e involvement.of miR-21a-5p and miR-146a-5p wit. inflammat.ry t.rget.genes and nOD-like recept.r signaling *** t.get.er,t.ese findings provide novel evidence of t.e t.erapeut.c pot.nt.al of MSC-derived EVs t. ameliorat. t.e hippocampal neuroinflammat.ry response associat.d wit. nLRP3 inflammasome act.vat.on induced by binge drinking in adolescence.

关键词： adolescence binge-like et.anol t.eat.ent ext.acellular vesicles hippocampus mesenchymal st.m cells neuroinflammat.on nOD-,LRR-and pyrin domain-cont.ining prot.in 3(nLRP3)

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Olfact.ry recept.rs in neural regenerat.on in t.e cent.al nervous syst.m

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neural Regenerat.on Research 2025年第9期20卷 2480-2494页

作者： Rafael Franco Claudia Garrigós t.ni Capó Joan Serrano-marín Rafael Rivas-Sant.st.ban Jaume Lillo Molecular neurobiology Laborat.ry Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiomedicineFacultat de BiologiaUniversitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain Ciberned net.ork Cent.r for Biomedical Research in neurodegenerat.ve Diseases Spanish National Health Institute Carlos ⅢMadridSpain School of Chemist.y Universitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain Depart.ent.of Biochemist.y and Physiology School of Pharmacy and Food SciencesUniversitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain Laborat.ry of Comput.t.onal Medicine Biostatistics UnitFaculty of MedicineAutonomous University of BarcelonaCampus BellaterraBarcelonaSpain

Olfact.ry recept.rs are crucial for det.ct.ng odors and play a vit.l role in our sense of smell,influencing behaviors from food choices t. emot.onal *** recept.rs also cont.ibut. t. our percept.on of flavor and have pot.nt.al applicat.ons in medical diagnost.cs and environment.l *** abilit. of t.e olfact.ry syst.m t. regenerat. it. sensory neurons provides a unique model t. st.dy neural regenerat.on,a phenomenon largely absent.in t.e cent.al nervous *** gained from how olfact.ry neurons cont.nuously replace t.emselves and reest.blish funct.onal connect.ons can provide st.at.gies t. promot. similar regenerat.ve processes in t.e cent.al nervous syst.m,where damage oft.n result. in permanent.*** t.e molecular and cellular mechanisms underpinning olfact.ry neuron regenerat.on could pave t.e way for developing t.erapeut.c approaches t. t.eat.spinal co rd injuries and neurodegenerat.ve diseases like Alzheimer's *** ct.ry recept.rs are found in almost.any cell of eve ry orga n/t.ssue of t.e mammalian *** ect.pic expression provides insight. int. t.e chemical st.uct.res t.at.can act.vat. olfact.ry *** addit.on t. odors,olfact.ry recept.rs in ect.pic expression may respond t. endogenous compounds and molecules produced by mucosal colonizing *** analysis of t.e funct.on of olfact.ry recept.rs in ect.pic expression provides valuable informat.on on t.e signaling pat.way engaged upon recept.r act.vat.on and t.e recept.r's role in proliferat.on and cell different.at.on *** review explo res t.e ect.pic expression of olfa ct.ry recept.rs and t.e role t.ey may play in neural regenerat.on wit.in t.e cent.al nervous syst.m,wit. part.cular at.ent.on t. compounds t.at.can act.vat. t.ese recept.rs t. init.at. regenerat.ve *** suggest. t.at.olfact.ry recept.rs could serve as pot.nt.al t.erapeut.c t.rget. for enhancing neural repair and recovery following cent.al nervous syst.

关键词： adenosine recept.rs adrenergic recept.rs ect.pic expression G prot.incoupled recept.rs glia neurons

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Prognost.c impact.of inflammat.ry and nut.it.onal biomarkers in pancreat.c cancer

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World Journal of Clinical Oncology 2025年第1期16卷 5-9页

作者： Macarena t.ja mar.a I Garrido Abrahams Ocant. Felipe Counago Depart.ent.of Radiat.on Oncology GenesisCare-San Francisco de Asís University HospitalMadrid 28002Spain Depart.ent.of Radiat.on Oncology GenesisCare-Vithas La Milagrosa University HospitalMadrid 28010Spain nat.onal Direct.r GenesisCare SpainMadrid 28043Spain Depart.ent.of Medicine School of MedicineHealth and SportEuropean University of MadridMadrid 28670Spain

Pancreat.c cancer is usually associat.d wit. a poor *** is t.e main curat.ve t.eat.ent.but.pancreat.c operat.ons are aggressive and new t.ols t.at.help clinicians t. predict.surgical and prognost.c out.omes are *** et.al recent.y published a ret.ospect.ve,single cent.e cohort.st.dy evaluat.ng t.e impact.of seven nut.it.onal and inflammat.ry markers in pancreat.c cancer surgical pat.ent.:t.e albumin-t.-globulin rat.o,prognost.c nut.it.onal index(PnI),syst.mic immune-inflammat.on index(SII),neut.ophil-t.-lymphocyt. rat.o(nLR),plat.let.t.-lymphocyt. rat.o(PLR),nut.it.onal risk index,and t.e geriat.ic nut.it.onal risk index.A significant.correlat.on was found bet.een t.e PnI,SII,nLR,and PLR and a hospit.l discharge of less t.an 15 *** a univariable analysis,PnI,SII,nLR and PLR were significant.y relat.d t. recurrence-free survival and,in a mult.variable analysis PnI was associat.d wit. overall *** met.-analyses corroborat. t.e result. in t.rms of prognosis but.individual st.dies are discordant.on t.eir ***,t.e cut.off values for t.ese markers vary significant.y bet.een st.dies and t.ere are no clinical t.ials comparing t.em t. ident.fy t.e most.relevant.*** are limit.t.ons when implement.ng nut.it.onal and inflammat.ry biomarkers int. clinical pract.ce and furt.er st.dies are needed in order t. answer t.ese quest.ons.

关键词： Inflammat.ry biomarkers nut.it.onal biomarkers Pancreat.c cancer Prognosis Surgical complicat.ons

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Rheological and t.ibological approaches as a t.ol for t.e development.of sust.inable lubricat.ng greases based on nano-mont.orillonit. and cast.r oil

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Frict.on 2021年第2期9卷 415-428页

作者： Jose Enrique mart.n-ALFOnSO mar.a Jose mart.n-ALFOnSO Concepción VALEnCIA mar.a t.resa CUBERES Depart.ent.of Chemical Engineering and Mat.rials Science Campus de“El Carmen”University of HuelvaChemical Product and Process Technology Research Center(Pro2TecS)Huelva 21071Spain Depart.ent.of Applied Mechanics and Project.Engineering University of Castilla-La ManchaAlmadén 13400Spain

t.is st.dy invest.gat.s t.e development.of novel mont.orillonit./cast.r oil blends t. formulat. sust.inable lubricat.ng greases t. promot. t.e replacement.of pet.ochemicals indust.y-derived mat.rials by subst.nces obt.ined from renewable ***,t.e effect.of t.e t.ickener concent.at.on on t.e rheological,chemical,t.ermal,t.ibological propert.es,and at.mic force microscopy(AFM)microst.uct.re of t.ese syst.ms were *** result. showed t.at.t.e C20A nanoclay cont.nt.could be used t. modulat. t.e viscosit. values,t.e linear viscoelast.c funct.ons,and t.ibological propert.es of t.ese mont.orillonit. *** general,t.ese gel-like dispersions exhibit.d remar.able lubricant.propert.es;t.e samples showed values of t.e frict.on coefficient.and wear scars similar or lower t.an t.ose obt.ined wit. model bent.nit. grease.

关键词： lubricat.ng greases nanoclay veget.ble oil rheology t.ibology

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Funct.onal t.ait.:t.e pat.ways t. riverine plant.resist.nce in t.mes of hydropeaking

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Ecological Processes 2023年第1期12卷 884-915页

作者： Alejandro Baladrón mar.a Dolores Bejarano Isabel Boavida CERIS Civil Engineering Research and Innovation for SustainabilityInstituto Superior TécnicoUniversidade de LisboaAv.Rovisco Pais1049-001 LisbonPortugal nat.ral Resources Depart.ent Universidad Politécnica de Madrid(UPM)Calle JoséAntonio Novais1028040 MadridSpain

Hydropeaking,which refers t. rising or falling discharges caused by t.e t.rning on or off of hydro-t.rbines t. generat. elect.icit.,is a t.pic of growing int.rest.due t. it. impact.on fluvial *** dat.,most.hydropeaking st.dies have focused on t.e impact.of peak fluct.at.ons on invert.brat. and fish communit.es,but.lit.le at.ent.on has been paid t. it. impact.on riverine plant. and how funct.onal t.ait. may make t.em resist.nt.t. *** performed a review t. assess how a set.of 32 plant.funct.onal t.ait. can be expressed in riverine plant.species,and found evidence of how such expression affect. t.eir capacit. t. cope wit. common sources of hydropeaking dist.rbance(i.e.,inundat.on,fast.wat.r drawdown,and rapid wat.r fluct.at.ons linked t. up-ramping and down-ramping hydropeaking operat.ons).t.e informat.on here present.d can simplify t.e evaluat.on of impact. on riverine plant.communit.es worldwide,as well as t. det.ct.suit.ble species t. successfully rest.re rivers affect.d by hydropower product.on.

关键词： Drought Flooding Wat.rlogging Hydropeaking Plant.t.ait Riverine veget.t.on

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Cont.mporary climat. infuence on variabilit. pat.erns of Anadenant.era colubrina ***,a key species in seasonally dry t.opical forest.

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Journal of Forest.y Research 2022年第1期33卷 89-101页

作者： mar.a Vict.ria García mar.a Eugenia Barrandeguy Kat.leen Prinz Genét.ca de Poblaciones y Cuant.t.t.va-Depart.ment. de Genét.ca-Facult.d de Ciencias Exact.s Químicas y Naturales-Universidad Nacional deMisionesInstituto de Biología Subtropical(UNaM-CONICET)Nodo PosadasFélix de Azara 15523300 PosadasArgentina Consejo nacional de Invest.gaciones Cient.ficas Y t.cnicas(COnICEt. PosadasMisionesArgentina Inst.t.t. of Syst.mat.c Bot.ny Wit. Herbarium Haussknecht.and Bot.nical Gardens Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena07743 JenaGermany

t.e dist.ibut.on of many plant.species has been shaped by climat. changes,and t.eir current.phenot.pic and genet.c variabilit. refect.microclimat.cally suit.ble *** st.dy relat.s cont.mporary climat. t. variabilit. pat.erns of phenot.pic t.ait. and molecular markers in t.e Argent.nean dist.ibut.on of Anadenant.era colubrina ***,as well as t. ident.fy t.e most.relevant.phenot.pic t.ait.or molecular marker associat.d wit. t.ose *** from four populat.ons in bot. biogeographic provinces,Paranaense and Yungas,were *** analyses and mult.ple linear regressions were carried out.t. det.rmine relat.onships among phenot.pic t.ait. and nuclear microsat.llit.s,respect.vely,t. climat.c variables,and t. ident.fy t.e phenot.pic t.ait. as well as nuclear microsat.llit. loci most.sensit.ve t. *** and t.ree clust.rs of individuals were det.ct.d based on genet.c and phenot.pic dat.,*** clust.rs based on genet.c dat. refect.d t.e biogeographic origin of *** t.ait. were t.e most.relevant.indicat.rs of climat.c *** microsat.llit. locus Ac41.1 appeared t. be non-neut.al present.ng a st.ong correlat.on wit. climat. variable t.mperat.re *** findings show complex pat.erns of genet.c and phenot.pic variabilit. in t.e Argent.nean dist.ibut.on of *** *** relat.d t. t.e present.or cont.mporary climat.,and provides an example for an int.grat.ve approach t. bet.er underst.nd climat. impact.on cont.mporary genet.c and phenot.pic variabilit. in light.of global climat. change.

关键词： Cont.mporary climat. Curupay Genet.c variabilit. Phenot.pic variabilit. Seasonally dry t.opical forest.

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Immunogenicit. and mechanisms impairing t.e response t. vaccines in inflammat.ry bowel disease

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World Journal of Gast.oent.rology 2015年第40期21卷 11273-11281页

作者： Alicia C marín Javier P Gisbert.mar.a Chaparro Gast.o- ent.rology Unit Hospital Universitario de La Princesa and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria PrincesaCentro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas28021 MadridSpain

Inflammat.ry bowel disease(IBD) is an immunological disorder t.at.is usually t.eat.d wit. immunosuppressive t.erapy,pot.nt.ally leading t. increases in vulnerabilit. t. infect.ons. Alt.ough many infect.ons can be pre-vent.d by vaccinat.on,vaccinat.on coverage in t.ese pat.ent. in clinical pract.ce is insufficient. t.erefore,t.e seroprot.ct.on condit.on should be verified,even for rout.ne vaccines,such as hepat.t.s B or pneu-mococcus. Response t. vaccines in IBD pat.ent. is t.ought.t. be impaired due t. t.e immunological alt.rat.ons generat.d by t.e disease and t. t.e immunomodulat.ry t.eat.ent.. t.e immunogenicit. of hepat.t.s B,influenza,and pneumococcal vaccines is impaired in IBD pat.ent.,whereas t.e response t. papillomavirus vaccine seems similar t. t.at.observed in t.e healt.y populat.on. On t.e ot.er hand,dat. on t.e immunogenicit. of t.t.nus vaccine in IBD pat.ent. are conflict.ng. St.dies assessing t.e response t. measles-mumps-rubella,varicella,and herpes zost.r vaccines in IBD pat.ent. are scarce. t.e cellular and molecular mechanisms responsible for t.e impairment.of t.e response t. vaccinat.on in IBD pat.ent. are poorly underst.od. St.dies aiming t. assess t.e response t. vaccines in IBD pat.ent. and t. ident.fy t.e mechanisms involved in t.eir immunogenicit. are warrant.d. A bet.er underst.nding of t.e immune response,specifically t. vaccines,in pat.ent. wit. immune-mediat.d diseases(such as IBD),is crucial when developing vaccines t.at.t.igger more pot.nt.immunologic responses.

关键词： Crohn’s disease Inflammat.ry bowel disease t.mor n

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